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Iproute2
iproute2 is a collection of userspace utilities for controlling and monitoring various aspects of networking in the Linux kernel, including routing, network interfaces, tunnels, traffic control, and network-related device drivers. Project iproute2 is an open-source project released under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License. Its development is closely tied to the development of networking components of the Linux kernel. , iproute2 is maintained by Stephen Hemminger and David Ahern. The original author, Alexey Kuznetsov, was responsible for the quality of service (QoS) implementation in the Linux kernel. iproute2 collection contains the following command-line utilities: ''arpd'', ''bridge'', ''ctstat'', ''dcb'', ''devlink'', ''ip'', ''lnstat'', ''nstat'', ''rdma'', ''routef'', ''routel'', ''rtacct'', ''rtmon'', ''rtstat'', ''ss'', ''tc'', ''tipc'' and ''vdpa''. '' tc'' is used for traffic control. iproute2 utilities communicate with the Linux kernel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tc (Linux)
tc (traffic control) is the user-space system administration utility program used to configure the Linux kernel packet scheduler. Tc is usually packaged as part of the iproute2 package. Syntax tc filter add dev pppoe-dsl parent 1: prio 1 protocol ip handle 202 fw flowid 1:202 See also * cgroups cgroups (abbreviated from control groups) is a Linux kernel feature that limits, accounts for, and isolates the resource usage (CPU, memory, disk I/O, etc.) of a collection of processes. Engineers at Google started the work on this feature ... References External links Traffic Control HOWTODated but still very relevant HOWTO from the Linux Documentation Project. More up-to-date HOWTO for advanced networking topics, including traffic control Linux TC Notesbrief note of various parts of linux traffic control. English is sometimes broken, but the information is still good. tc: Linux HTTP Outgoing Traffic ShapingExample use of tc for shaping tcp/80 traffic. Advanced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netstat
In computing, netstat is a command-line network utility that displays open network sockets, routing tables, and a number of network interface (network interface controller or software-defined network interface) and network protocol statistics. It is available on Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like operating systems including macOS, Linux, Solaris and BSD. It is also available on IBM OS/2 and on Microsoft Windows NT-based operating systems including Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 10. It is used for finding problems in the network and to determine the amount of traffic on the network as a performance measurement. On Linux this program is mostly obsolete, although still included in many distributions. On Linux, netstat (part of "net-tools") is superseded by ss (part of iproute2). The replacement for netstat -r is ip route, the replacement for netstat -i is ip -s link, and the replacement for netstat -g is ip maddr, all of which are recommen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ifconfig
ifconfig (short for ''interface config'') is a system administration utility in Unix-like operating systems for network interface configuration. The utility is a command-line interface A command-line interface (CLI) is a means of interacting with software via command (computing), commands each formatted as a line of text. Command-line interfaces emerged in the mid-1960s, on computer terminals, as an interactive and more user ... tool and is also used in the system startup scripts of many operating systems. It has features for configuring, controlling, and querying Internet protocol suite, TCP/IP network interface parameters. Ifconfig originally appeared in 4.2BSD as part of the Berkeley Software Distribution, BSD TCP/IP suite. Many Linux distributions have deprecated ifconfig in favor of tools from iproute2. Usage Common uses for ifconfig include setting the IP address and subnet mask of a network interface and disabling or enabling an interface. At boot time, many U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transparent Inter-process Communication
Transparent Inter Process Communication (TIPC) is an inter-process communication (IPC) service in Linux designed for cluster-wide operation. It is sometimes presented as ''Cluster Domain Sockets'', in contrast to the well-known ''Unix Domain Socket'' service; the latter working only on a single kernel. Features Some features of TIPC: * Service addressing, - address services rather than sockets * Service tracking, - subscribe for binding/unbinding of service addresses to sockets * Cluster-wide IPC service, - service location is transparent to sender * Datagram messaging with unicast, anycast and multicast, - unreliable delivery * Connection oriented messaging, - reliable delivery * Group messaging, - datagram messaging with reliable delivery * Cluster topology tracking, - subscribe for added/lost cluster nodes * Connectivity tracking, - subscribe for up/down of individual links between nodes * Automatic discovery of new cluster nodes * Scales up to 1000 nodes with second-speed f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Route (command)
In computing, route is a command used to view and manipulate the IP routing table in Unix-like and Microsoft Windows operating systems and also in IBM OS/2 and ReactOS. Manual manipulation of the routing table is characteristic of static routing. Implementations Unix and Unix-like In Linux distributions based on 2.2.x Linux kernels, the ifconfig and route commands are operated together to connect a computer to a network, and to define routes between computer networks. Distributions based on later kernels have deprecated ifconfig and route, replacing them with iproute2. Route for Linux was originally written by Fred N. van Kempen. Syntax The command-syntax is: route nNvee FC ">AF> # List kernel routing tables route v FC ... # Modify routing table for AF. route ">AF> # Detailed usage syntax for specified AF. route # Display version/author and exit. Example user@linux:~$ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netlink
Netlink is a socket family used for inter-process communication (IPC) between both the kernel and userspace processes, and between different userspace processes, in a way similar to the Unix domain sockets available on certain Unix-like operating systems, including its original incarnation as a Linux kernel interface, as well as in the form of a later implementation on FreeBSD. Similarly to the Unix domain sockets, and unlike INET sockets, Netlink communication cannot traverse host boundaries. However, while the Unix domain sockets use the file system namespace, Netlink sockets are usually addressed by process identifiers (PIDs). Netlink is designed and used for transferring miscellaneous networking information between the kernel space and userspace processes. Networking utilities, such as the iproute2 family and the utilities used for configuring mac80211-based wireless drivers, use Netlink to communicate with the Linux kernel from userspace. Netlink provides a standard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethtool
ethtool is the primary means in Linux kernel-based operating systems (primarily Linux and Android) for displaying and modifying the parameters of network interface controllers (NICs) and their associated device driver software from application programs running in userspace. ethtool consists of two components, an API within the Linux kernel through which NICs can send and receive parameters through their device driver software, and a userspace API based on the Linux SIOCETHTOOL ioctl mechanism through which application programs can communicate with the kernel to send and receive NIC and NIC driver parameters. Most Linux distributions provide a standard utility program calleethtoolthat can be used from a shell to control, or gather information from NICs using the ethtool userspace API. In the Information technology community, the term ''ethtool'' is usually used to refer to this utility program. The ethtool userspace API can be accessed from programs written in the C and C++ p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BusyBox
BusyBox is a software suite that provides several List of Unix commands, Unix utilities in a single executable file. It runs in a variety of POSIX environments such as Linux, Android (operating system), Android, and FreeBSD, although many of the tools it provides are designed to work with interfaces provided by the Linux kernel. It was specifically created for embedded operating systems with very limited resources. The authors dubbed it "The Swiss Army knife of Linux on embedded systems, Embedded Linux", as the single executable replaces basic functions of more than 300 common commands. It is released as free software under the terms of the GNU General Public License, GNU General Public License v2, after controversially deciding not to move to GNU General Public License#Version 3, version 3. History Origins Originally written by Bruce Perens in 1995 and declared complete for his intended usage in 1996, BusyBox initially aimed to put a complete Booting, bootable system on a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C (programming Language)
C (''pronounced'' '' – like the letter c'') is a general-purpose programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted Central processing unit, CPUs. It has found lasting use in operating systems code (especially in Kernel (operating system), kernels), device drivers, and protocol stacks, but its use in application software has been decreasing. C is commonly used on computer architectures that range from the largest supercomputers to the smallest microcontrollers and embedded systems. A successor to the programming language B (programming language), B, C was originally developed at Bell Labs by Ritchie between 1972 and 1973 to construct utilities running on Unix. It was applied to re-implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system. During the 1980s, C gradually gained popularity. It has become one of the most widely used programming langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Routing
Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a Network theory, network or between or across multiple networks. Broadly, routing is performed in many types of networks, including circuit-switched networks, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), and computer networks, such as the Internet. In packet switching networks, routing is the higher-level decision making that directs network packets from their source toward their destination through intermediate network nodes by specific packet forwarding mechanisms. Packet forwarding is the transit of network packets from one Network interface controller, network interface to another. Intermediate nodes are typically network hardware devices such as Router (computing), routers, gateway (telecommunications), gateways, Firewall (computing), firewalls, or network switch, switches. General-purpose computers also forward packets and perform routing, although they have no specially optimized hardware for the task. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linux Configuration Utilities
Linux ( ) is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an kernel (operating system), operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically package manager, packaged as a Linux distribution (distro), which includes the kernel and supporting system software and library (computing), libraries—most of which are provided by third parties—to create a complete operating system, designed as a clone of Unix and released under the copyleft GPL license. List of Linux distributions, Thousands of Linux distributions exist, many based directly or indirectly on other distributions; popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora Linux, Linux Mint, Arch Linux, and Ubuntu, while commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SUSE Linux Enterprise, and ChromeOS. Linux distributions are frequently used in server platforms. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
