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Involuntary Denied Boarding
A contract of carriage is a contract between a carrier of cargo or passengers and the consignor, consignee or passenger. Contracts of carriage define the rights, duties and liabilities of parties to the contract, addressing topics such as acts of God and including clauses such as (removing liability for extraordinary occurrences beyond control of the parties). Among common carriers, the terms and conditions of the contract may be printed on the reverse of a ticket or carriage document. For cargo shipments, notification of a shipment’s arrival is usually sent to the "notify party", whose address appears on the shipping document. This party is usually either the buyer or the importer. Carriage by sea The 1950 legal case of ''Heskell v. Continental Express'' (9501 All E.R. 1033) provides a description of CIV (rail travel)">CIV conditions of sale. Air travel In July 2010, it became widely public that Southwest Airlines had classified mechanical difficulties as an act of God ...
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Contract
A contract is an agreement that specifies certain legally enforceable rights and obligations pertaining to two or more parties. A contract typically involves consent to transfer of goods, services, money, or promise to transfer any of those at a future date. The activities and intentions of the parties entering into a contract may be referred to as contracting. In the event of a breach of contract, the injured party may seek judicial remedies such as damages or equitable remedies such as specific performance or rescission. A binding agreement between actors in international law is known as a treaty. Contract law, the field of the law of obligations concerned with contracts, is based on the principle that agreements must be honoured. Like other areas of private law, contract law varies between jurisdictions. In general, contract law is exercised and governed either under common law jurisdictions, civil law jurisdictions, or mixed-law jurisdictions that combine elem ...
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CIV (rail Travel)
Civ or CIV may refer to: Arts and entertainment * CIV (band), a punk rock music group (1994–2000) * Civ (imprint), in order-to-print publishing * ''Civilization'' (1980 board game) * ''Civilization'' (series), a video game series (1991–2025) International relations * CIV (rail travel), an international convention * Civilian, or non-military * " Caritas in Veritate", a 2009 papal encyclical * City of London Imperial Volunteers, a British unit during the Second Boer War Science * Corona inception voltage, in astrophysics * Critical ionization velocity, in electrical engineering Other uses * 104 (number), or ''CIV'' in Roman numerals * Ivory Coast Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire and officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital city of Yamoussoukro is located in the centre of the country, while its largest List of ci ..., in sport (IOC/FIFA/FIBA:CIV) See also * C4 (other) or ...
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Transport Law
Transport law (or transportation law) is the area of law dealing with transport. The laws can apply very broadly at a transport system level or more narrowly to transport things or activities within that system such as vehicles, things and behaviours. Transport law is generally found in two main areas: * Legislation or statutory law passed or made by elected officials like Parliaments or made by other officials under delegation * Case law decided by courts Legislation typically consists of statutes known as Acts and delegated legislation like regulations, orders or notices. Case law consists of judgments, findings and rulings handed down by courts. Transport system things and activities Transport laws can apply at a global transport system-wide level. A transport system can encompass a wide range of matters which make up the system. These include - * heavy and light rail systems including associated land, infrastructure and rolling stock which comprise trains, trams and ...
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Freight Transport
Freight transport, also referred to as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo. The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well. "Logistics", a term borrowed from the military environment, is also used in the same sense. History Prehistoric Era Initial human civilization relied heavily on domesticated animals, such as horses, camels, and donkeys, to transport their goods. The invention of the wheel in Mesopotamia in 5000BC improved this efficiency by allowing for carts and carriages to be created, which animals could pull. Classical Era Romans The Romans built a vast network of roads, which facilitated trade across the numerous cities in its empire. Silk Road Transport along the silk road, a land-based route, was generally done through caravans, equipped with ca ...
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Public Transport Fare Collection
In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the ''Öffentlichkeit'' or public sphere. The concept of a public has also been defined in political science, psychology, marketing, and advertising. In public relations and communication science, it is one of the more ambiguous concepts in the field. Although it has definitions in the theory of the field that have been formulated from the early 20th century onwards, and suffered more recent years from being blurred, as a result of conflation of the idea of a public with the notions of audience, market segment, community, constituency, and stakeholder. Etymology and definitions The name "public" originates with the Latin '' publicus'' (also '' poplicus''), from ''populus'', to the English word ' populace', and in general denotes some mass population ("the ...
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FedEx
FedEx Corporation, originally known as Federal Express Corporation, is an American Multinational corporation, multinational Conglomerate (company), conglomerate holding company specializing in Package delivery, transportation, e-commerce, and business services. The company is headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. The name "FedEx" is a syllabic abbreviation of its original air division, FedEx Express, Federal Express, which operated under this name from 1973 until 1994. FedEx is best known for its air Package delivery, delivery service, FedEx Express, which pioneered overnight delivery as its flagship service. Over the years, the company has expanded its operations to include FedEx Ground, FedEx Office, FedEx Supply Chain, FedEx Freight, and several other services through a network of subsidiaries. These expansions have often been strategic moves to compete with its primary rival, United Parcel Service, UPS. The company’s air shipping operations are centralized at its primary ...
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Alaska Airlines
Alaska Airlines is a major American airline headquartered in SeaTac, Washington, within the Seattle metropolitan area. It is the fifth-largest airline in North America when measured by scheduled passengers carried, as of 2024. Alaska, together with its regional partners Horizon Air and SkyWest Airlines, operates a route network primarily focused on connecting cities along the West Coast of the United States (including Alaska and Hawaii) to over 100 destinations in the contiguous United States, the Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Costa Rica, Guatemala and Mexico. The airline operates out of six hubs with its primary hub at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. Alaska Airlines is a member of Oneworld, the third-largest airline alliance in the world. As of 2020, the airline employs over 16,000 people and has been ranked by J. D. Power as having the highest customer satisfaction of the traditional airlines for twelve consecutive years. In 2024, the airline's parent Alaska Air Grou ...
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Hawaiian Airlines
Hawaiian Airlines, Inc. ( ) is a commercial U.S. airline headquartered in Honolulu, and a subsidiary of the Alaska Air Group. It is the largest operator of commercial flights to and from the island state of Hawaiʻi, and the tenth largest commercial airline in the United States by passengers carried. Operating from its primary hub at Daniel K. Inouye International Airport on Oʻahu and a secondary hub at Kahului Airport on Maui, the airline provides inter-island flights within Hawaiʻi, routes to other Pacific island destinations, including American Samoa and Tahiti, service to Alaska and the U.S. mainland, and international connections to Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand and South Korea. Hawaiian is the oldest American carrier that has never had a fatal accident or a hull loss and consistently ranks as the nation’s most punctual airline. It also leads in reliability metrics, including the fewest cancellations, overbookings, and baggage handling issues. On D ...
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Business Insider
''Business Insider'' (stylized in all caps: BUSINESS INSIDER; known from 2021 to 2023 as INSIDER) is a New York City–based multinational financial and business news website founded in 2007. Since 2015, a majority stake in ''Business Insider''s parent company Insider Inc. has been owned by the international publishing house Axel Springer. It operates several international editions, including one in the United Kingdom. ''Insider'' publishes original reporting and aggregates material from other outlets. it maintained a liberal policy on the use of anonymous sources. It has also published native advertising and granted sponsors editorial control of its content. The outlet has been nominated for several awards, but has also been criticized for using factually incorrect clickbait headlines to attract viewership. In 2015, Axel Springer SE acquired 88 percent of the stake in Insider Inc. for $343 million (€306 million), implying a total valuation of $442 million. From ...
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Involuntary Deboarding
A contract of carriage is a contract between a carrier of cargo or passengers and the consignor, consignee or passenger. Contracts of carriage define the rights, duties and liabilities of parties to the contract, addressing topics such as acts of God and including clauses such as (removing liability for extraordinary occurrences beyond control of the parties). Among common carriers, the terms and conditions of the contract may be printed on the reverse of a ticket or carriage document. For cargo shipments, notification of a shipment’s arrival is usually sent to the "notify party", whose address appears on the shipping document. This party is usually either the buyer or the importer. Carriage by sea The 1950 legal case of ''Heskell v. Continental Express'' (9501 All E.R. 1033) provides a description of CIV (rail travel)">CIV conditions of sale. Air travel In July 2010, it became widely public that Southwest Airlines had classified mechanical difficulties as an act of God ...
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