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Indonesian Dutch
Dutch was the language used by colonizers for centuries in the Indonesian archipelago, Indonesian Archipelago, both when it was still colonized or partially colonized by the Netherlands. This language was the official language in the Dutch East Indies until World War II, as well as in Dutch New Guinea until the New York Agreement, transfer of Western New Guinea to Indonesia in 1963. History VOC Era The general use of Dutch in Indonesia only started at the end of the colonial period. During the Dutch East India Company (VOC) period, Dutch was hardly used, and many regions actually used Malay trade and creole languages, Low Malay as a lingua franca and language of trade. People who could speak Dutch had more rights. Only natives who could speak Dutch were allowed to wear hats, and native women were only allowed to marry Europeans if they could speak Dutch. Dutch schools were established in Ambon and Batavia, Dutch East Indies, Batavia. However, not everyone could attend these sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mardijker Creole
Mardijker was a Portuguese-based creole of Jakarta. It was the native tongue of the Mardijker people. The language was introduced with the establishment of the Dutch settlement of Batavia (present-day Jakarta); the Dutch brought in slaves from the colonies they had recently acquired from the Portuguese (especially Malacca), and the slaves' Portuguese creole became the lingua franca A lingua franca (; ; for plurals see ), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, link language or language of wider communication (LWC), is a Natural language, language systematically used to make co ... of the new city. The name is Dutch for "freeman", as the slaves were freed soon after their settlement. The language was replaced by Betawi creole Malay in Batavia by the end of the 18th century, as the Mardijker intermarried and lost their distinct identity. However, around 1670 a group of 150 were moved to what is now the village and suburb of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Dutch Sentiment
Anti-Dutch sentiment, also known as Dutchphobia, is a spectrum of negative feelings, fears, dislikes and discrimination towards the Netherlands, the Dutch people and the Dutch culture. It historically arose from the colonization that was undertaken by the Netherlands and the roles played by the Dutch in European wars. Dutch colonies Southeast Asia Most of present-day Indonesia was a Dutch colony, the Dutch East Indies, from 1602 to the 1942 Japanese invasion during the Second World War. After the defeat of the Japanese, the Dutch attempted to reassert control but there was too much racism. Anti-Dutch feeling developed among the native population and encompassed anything associated with the Dutch. The outcome was the Indonesian National Revolution, which culminated in the 1949 independence of Indonesia. South Africa In South Africa, the Second Boer War (1899–1902) between the British colonial government and the Boers (settlers of Dutch descent) caused anti-Dutch sentiment in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Language
is the principal language of the Japonic languages, Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people. It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan, the only country where it is the national language, and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified Hachijō language. There have been many Classification of the Japonic languages, attempts to group the Japonic languages with other families such as Ainu languages, Ainu, Austronesian languages, Austronesian, Koreanic languages, Koreanic, and the now discredited Altaic languages, Altaic, but none of these proposals have gained any widespread acceptance. Little is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century AD recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial Old Japanese texts did not appear until the 8th century. From the Heian period (794–1185), extensive waves of Sino-Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Occupation Of The Dutch East Indies
The Empire of Japan occupied the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of the war in September 1945. In May 1940, Germany German invasion of the Netherlands, occupied the Netherlands, and martial law was declared in the Dutch East Indies. Following the failure of negotiations between the Dutch authorities and the Japanese, Japanese assets in the archipelago were frozen. The Dutch declared war on Japan following the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies began on 10 January 1942, and the Imperial Japanese Army overran the entire colony in less than three months. The Dutch surrendered on 8 March. Initially, most Indonesians welcomed the Japanese as liberators from their Dutch colonial masters. The sentiment changed, however, as between 4 and 10 million Indonesians were recruited as forced labourers (''romusha'') on economic development and defense projects in Java. Between 200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brunei
Brunei, officially Brunei Darussalam, is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. Apart from its coastline on the South China Sea, it is completely surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak, with its territory bifurcated by the Sarawak district of Limbang District, Limbang. Brunei is the only sovereign state entirely on Borneo; the remainder of the island is divided between its multi-landmass neighbours of Malaysia and Indonesia. , the country had a population of 455,858, of whom approximately 180,000 resided in the Capital city, capital and largest city of Bandar Seri Begawan. Its official language is Malay language, Malay, and Islam is the state religion of the country, although Religion in Brunei, other religions are nominally tolerated. The government of Brunei is an absolute monarchy ruled by the Sultan, and it implements a fusion of English common law and jurisprudence inspired by Islam, including sharia. At the Bruneian Emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Singapore
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south along with the Riau Islands in Indonesia, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor along with the State of Johor in Malaysia to the north. In its early history, Singapore was a maritime emporium known as '' Temasek''; subsequently, it was part of a major constituent part of several successive thalassocratic empires. Its contemporary era began in 1819, when Stamford Raffles established Singapore as an entrepôt trading post of the British Empire. In 1867, Singapore came under the direct control of Britain as part of the Straits Settlements. During World ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaysia
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula and East Malaysia on the island of Borneo. Peninsular Malaysia shares land and maritime Malaysia–Thailand border, borders with Thailand, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia; East Malaysia shares land borders with Brunei and Indonesia, and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the country's national capital, List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population, largest city, and the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia, legislative branch of the Government of Malaysia, federal government, while Putrajaya is the federal administrative capi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanda Bahaya Listrik Dalam Bahasa Belanda, Melayu Dan Jawa
Tanda may refer to: Places *Tanda, Ambedkar Nagar, India, a city and municipal board *Tanda (Bor), Serbia, a village *Tanda, Bengal, a historical medieval city * Tanda Dam and Lake, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa *Tanda Department, a department in Ivory Coast * Tanda, Egypt, a town * Tanda, Gujrat, Pakistan, a town * Tanda, Ivory Coast, a town in Ivory Coast * Tanda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Town & Union Council *Tanda, Niger, a village and rural commune *Tanda, Raebareli, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India *Tanda, Rampur, India, a city and municipal board *Tanda, Russia, a rural locality (''selo'') in the Sakha Republic, Russia *Tanda, Bhopal, a village in India People *Nicola Tanda (1928–2016), Italian philologist, literary critic and writer *Dario Tanda (born 1995), Dutch-born footballer Other uses *Tanda (informal loan club), voluntary rotating loan associations *Tanda (milonga) A tanda is a turn of dancing in a milonga, and by association, a set of pieces of music, usually be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moluccan Diaspora
The Moluccan diaspora () refers to overseas Indonesians of Moluccan birth or descent living outside Indonesia. The most significant Moluccan diaspora community lives in the Netherlands, where it numbers 70,000 people as of 2018. Terminology In the Netherlands, a number of names are in circulation to refer to its Moluccan community, which do not all technically refer to the same group of people. The most commonly used today is "Moluccan" (), the term for the native, pre-''Transmigrasi'' inhabitants of the Moluccan Islands. One of the islands in the archipelago is Ambon. The Ambonese people constitute a clear majority of about 90% of Moluccan Dutch and, as a result, members of the Moluccan community are often referred to as "Ambonese" (), especially before 1970. The two terms are not synonymous, however, even though they continue to be used as such by both the Dutch and ethnic Ambonese. Strictly speaking, "South Moluccan" () refers to a proponent of the unrecognized Republic of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proclamation Of Indonesian Independence
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence (, or simply ''Proklamasi'') was read at 10:00 Tokyo Standard Time on Friday 17 August 1945 in Jakarta. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia's independence in 1949. The document was signed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed president and vice-president respectively the following day. The date of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was made a public holiday by a government decree issued on 18 June 1946. Background The beginnings of the independence movement In 1918, the Dutch authorities in the Dutch East Indies established a partly-elected People's Council, the '' Volksraad'', which for the first time gave Indonesian nationalists a voice. Meanwhile, Indonesian students studying in the Netherlands formed the Perhimpo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (; KNIL, ; ) was the military force maintained by the Kingdom of the Netherlands in its colony of the Dutch East Indies, in areas that are now part of Indonesia. The KNIL's air arm was the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force. Elements of the Royal Netherlands Navy and Government Navy were also stationed in the Netherlands East Indies. History 1814–1942 The KNIL was formed by royal decree on 14 September 1814. It was not part of the Royal Netherlands Army, but a separate military arm specifically formed for service in the Netherlands East Indies. Its establishment coincided with the Dutch drive to expand colonial rule from the 17th century area of control to the far larger territories constituting the Dutch East Indies seventy years later. The KNIL was involved in many campaigns against indigenous groups in the area including the Padri War (1821–1845), the Java War (1825–1830), crushing the final resistance of Bali inh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
