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Indecent Publications Tribunal
The Indecent Publications Tribunal was a government censorship organisation that operated in New Zealand from 1964 until 1993. It was established under the Indecent Publications Act 1963 and consisted of five members, with one a High Court barrister or solicitor, and four other members with two having qualifications in the field of literature or education. John Robson (public servant), John Robson, a senior public servant, was instrumental in having provisions for the Tribunal to be established under the Act. Decisions made by the Tribunal are still in force unless subsequently overturned after being re-classified. The Office of Film and Literature Classification (New Zealand), Office of Film and Literature Classification now serves a similar function. Notable cases In July 1992, the New Zealand Police Commissioner unsuccessfully attempted to prevent a concert by the American band Body Count (band), Body Count in Auckland, arguing that "Anyone who comes to this country preaching ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of New Zealand
The New Zealand Government () is the central government through which political authority is exercised in New Zealand. As in most other parliamentary democracies, the term "Government" refers chiefly to the executive branch, and more specifically to the collective ministry directing the executive. Based on the principle of responsible government, it operates within the framework that "the reigns, but the government rules, so long as it has the support of the House of Representatives".Sir Kenneth Keith, quoted in the Cabinet Manual'. The '' Cabinet Manual'' describes the main laws, rules and conventions affecting the conduct and operation of the Government. Executive power is exercised by ministers, all of whom are sworn into the Executive Council and accountable to the elected legislature, the House of Representatives. Several senior ministers (usually 20) constitute a collective decision-making body known as the Cabinet, which is led by the prime minister (currently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Court Of New Zealand
The High Court of New Zealand () is the superior court of New Zealand. It has general jurisdiction and responsibility, under the Senior Courts Act 2016, as well as the High Court Rules 2016, for the administration of justice throughout New Zealand. There are 18 High Court locations throughout New Zealand, and one stand-alone registry. The High Court was established in 1841. It was originally called the "Supreme Court of New Zealand", but the name was changed in 1980 to make way for the naming of an eventual new Supreme Court of New Zealand. The High Court is a court of first instance for serious criminal cases such as homicide, civil claims exceeding $350,000 and certain other civil cases. In its appellate court, appellate function, the High Court hears appeals from the District Court, other lower courts and various tribunals. Composition and locations The High Court comprises the Chief Justice of New Zealand, Chief Justice (who is head of the judiciary) and up to 55 other J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Censorship
Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information. This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient". Censorship can be conducted by governments and private institutions. When an individual such as an author or other creator engages in censorship of their own works or speech, it is referred to as ''self-censorship''. General censorship occurs in a variety of different media, including speech, books, music, films, and other arts, Newspaper, the press, radio, television, and the Internet for a variety of claimed reasons including national security, to control obscenity, pornography, and hate speech, to protect children or other vulnerable groups, to promote or restrict political or religious views, and to prevent Defamation, slander and Defamation, libel. Specific rules and regulations regarding censorship vary between Legal Jurisdiction, legal jurisdictions and/or private organiza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand
New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of island countries, sixth-largest island country by area and lies east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The Geography of New Zealand, country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps (), owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. Capital of New Zealand, New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. The islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable land to be settled by humans. Between about 1280 and 1350, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and subsequently developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight and record New Zealand. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indecent Publications Act 1963
The Indecent Publications Act was a New Zealand Act of Parliament enacted in 1963. It repealed the Indecent Publications Act 1910, Indecent Publications Amendment Act 1954, Indecent Publications Amendment Act 1958, Indecent Publications Amendment Act 1961, and sections of the Crimes Act 1961 relating to the 1910 Act. The Indecent Publications Tribunal was established by the Act. There were four amendments to the Act before being repealed by the Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993. See also *Censorship in New Zealand Censorship in New Zealand has been present since around 1850 and is currently managed by the Office of Film and Literature Classification, Classification Office under the Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993. Over the years, ... References {{Reflist External linksText of the Act Statutes of New Zealand Censorship in New Zealand 1963 in New Zealand 1963 in New Zealand law Obscenity law ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Robson (public Servant)
John Lochiel Robson (4 June 1909 – 17 September 1993) was a New Zealand senior public servant and penal reformer. Biography Robson was born in Halcombe, Manawatu, New Zealand in 1909. He graduated Master of Laws from Canterbury University College in 1931, and Doctor of Philosophy (law) from University of London in 1939. Returning to New Zealand he rose through the public service, serving as Secretary for Justice from 1960 to 1969, where he pursued a progressive penal policy. He also had substantial impact on the Indecent Publications Act 1963. After his retirement, Robson founded the Institute of Criminology at Victoria University of Wellington. In 1936, Robson was a founding member of New Zealand Institute of Public Administration, and served as its president between 1954 and 1955. From 1981 to 1988, he was patron the Mental Health Foundation of New Zealand. Honours and awards In the 1968 Queen's Birthday Honours, Robson was appointed a Commander of the Order of the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Office Of Film And Literature Classification (New Zealand)
An office is a space where the employees of an organization perform administrative work in order to support and realize the various goals of the organization. The word "office" may also denote a position within an organization with specific duties attached to it (see officer or official); the latter is an earlier usage, as "office" originally referred to the location of one's duty. In its adjective form, the term "office" may refer to business-related tasks. In law, a company or organization has offices in any place where it has an official presence, even if that presence consists of a storage silo. For example, instead of a more traditional establishment with a desk and chair, an office is also an architectural and design phenomenon, including small offices, such as a bench in the corner of a small business or a room in someone's home (see small office/home office), entire floors of buildings, and massive buildings dedicated entirely to one company. In modern terms, an offi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Body Count (band)
Body Count is an American Heavy metal music, heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles in 1990. The group is fronted by Ice-T, who first established himself as a rap music, rapper but co-founded the group with lead guitarist Ernie C out of their interest in heavy metal music. Ice-T took on the role of vocalist and writing the lyrics for most of Body Count's songs, while Ernie C has been responsible for writing the group's music. Body Count's Body Count (album), self-titled debut album was released on Sire Records in 1992, and garnered much attention due to a controversy around the song "Cop Killer (song), Cop Killer". Their label, Sire Records, and their parent company, Warner Bros. Records, defended the song; however Ice-T chose to remove it from the album because he felt that the controversy had eclipsed the music itself. The group left Sire the following year, and they have since released seven more albums. Three out of the band's original seven members are deceased: D-Roc died ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cop Killer (song)
"Cop Killer" is a song by American heavy metal band Body Count. Released on the group's 1992 self-titled debut album, the song was written two years earlier, and was partially influenced by " Psycho Killer" by Talking Heads. The song's lyrics about "cop killing" were criticized by President of the United States George H. W. Bush and Vice President Dan Quayle. Ice-T has called "Cop Killer" a " protest record". He eventually recalled the album and rereleased it without the song. Background Ice-T, who wrote the song's lyrics, referred to "Cop Killer" as a "protest record", stating that the song is " ungin the first person as a character who is fed up with police brutality". He has credited the Talking Heads song " Psycho Killer" as an inspiration for the song. "Cop Killer" was written in 1990 and had been performed live several times, including at the 1991 Lollapalooza tour, before it was recorded in a studio. The recorded version mentions Los Angeles police chief Daryl Gates and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Censorship In New Zealand
Censorship in New Zealand has been present since around 1850 and is currently managed by the Office of Film and Literature Classification, Classification Office under the Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993. Over the years, New Zealand has gone through many iterations of censorship legislation. What began in the 1850s as vague and weak legislation was repeatedly updated with each iteration of censorship legislation addressing perceived shortcomings of the previous legislation. Notable changes in New Zealand censorship legislation include the continued attempts to give an objective criterion for determining whether something should be censored and the establishment of a centralized body that handles most censorship matters. These iterations adapted New Zealand legislation to changing times, and moved censorship in New Zealand in a more liberal direction. The Office of Film and Literature Classification, Classification Office is the government agency that is cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Censorship By Country Censorship by country collects information on censorship, Internet censorship, freedom of the press, freedom of speech, and human rights by country and presents it in a sortable table, together with links to articles with more information. In addition to countries, the table includes information on former countries, disputed countries, political sub-units within countries, and regional organizations. Table Maps Freedom of the Press Report 2015 Freedom of the Press Classifications Press Freedom Index 2014 Press Freedom Index"Press Freedom Index 2014" , Reporters Without Borders, 11 May 2014 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archives New Zealand
Archives New Zealand ( Māori: ''Te Rua Mahara o te Kāwanatanga'') is New Zealand's national archive and the official guardian of its public archives. As the government's recordkeeping authority, it administers the Public Records Act 2005 and promotes good information management throughout government. History Establishment In 1954, the First National Government's cabinet approved the establishment of a national archive and the office of a chief archivist, and the drafting of enabling legislation. The Archives Act 1957 established the National Archives within the Department of Internal Affairs (DIA). It also gave the chief archivist the power to approve the disposal of official records and to require the transfer of records to the National Archives after 25 years. The Archives Act also affirmed public access to the National Archives. While the National Archives were established in 1957, they were preceded by the Dominion Archives and the former war archives at the Hope Gi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
