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Imyremeshaw
Smenkhkare Imyremeshaw was a minor king of the early 13th Dynasty during the late Middle Kingdom. He apparently had a short reign and is mainly attested in the Memphis-Faiyum region in Egypt. Attestations Imyremeshaw is mainly attested in the Memphis-Faiyum region. Pair of Colossi, Cairo JE 37466 and JE 37467 At Memphis (?), Imyremeshaw was attested by a pair of colossi dedicated to Ptah "He who is south of his wall, Lord of Ankhtawy" (''rsy-ínb=f nb ˁnḫt3wy''). This is a Memphite epithet indicating that the statues must originally have been set up in the temple of Ptah in Memphis. During the 15th Dynasty, the colossi were moved to Avaris by the Hyksos ruler Aqenenre Apepi, during the Second Intermediate Period. Apepi added his name and a dedication to "Seth, Lord of Avaris" on the right shoulder of each statue. In the 19th Dynasty, during the New Kingdom, both colossi were moved to Pi-Ramesses by Ramses II who also had his name inscribed on them, together with a fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sehetepkare Intef
Sehetepkare Intef was the a minor king of the early 13th Dynasty during the late Middle Kingdom. Sehetepkare Intef reigned from Memphis for a short period, certainly less than ten years, between 1759 BC and 1749 BC or c. 1710 BC. Attestations Seated statue, Cairo JE 67834 In the Faiyum, Sehetepkare Intef is attested by the lower half of a seated statue from the temple complex of goddess Renenutet at Medinet Madi. Cylinder seal, Petrie UC 11532 (weak) Of Unknown Provenance, a cylinder seal with the prenomen Hotepkare, has been assigned to Sehotepkare but not by Ryholt. Non-contemporary attestation Turin King List The Turin canon 7:22 (Gardiner 6:22) mentions "''The Dual King ehotepa aIntef, ... 3 days''".https://pharaoh.se/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin/column-7/ In this list he is between 7:21 Imyremeshaw and 7:23 Seth Meribre. Chronological position and reign length The exact chronological position of Sehetepkare Intef in the 13th Dynasty is not known for certain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th Dynasty
The Thirteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIII) was a series of rulers from approximately 1803 BC until approximately 1649 BC, i.e. for 154 years. It is often classified as the final dynasty of the Middle Kingdom (which includes Dynasties XI, XII and XIV), but some historians instead group it in the Second Intermediate Period (with Dynasties XIV through XVII). Dynasty XIII initially ruled from the Nile Delta to the second cataract of the Nile. However, the dynasty marked a period of decline and instability, with Dynasty XIV rising concurrently and the Hyksos Dynasty XV taking control shortly after. Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep is usually considered Dynasty XIII's first pharaoh, and Merneferre Ay, while not the final pharaoh, was the last to occupy the Middle Kingdom capital of Itjtawy, and the last of the dynasty with a significant recorded reign. Chronology and rulers Ryholt (1997:190) argues that the 13th Dynasty lasted from 1803-1649 BC, lasting some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khendjer
Userkare Khendjer was a minor king of the early Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt during the Middle Kingdom.Baker, Darrell D.: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, Stacey International, , (2008), p. 181. Khendjer possibly reigned for four to five years, archaeological attestations show that he was on the throne for at least three or four years three months and five days. Khendjer had a small pyramid built for himself in Saqqara and it is therefore likely that his capital was in Memphis. Reign The highest attested date for Khendjer's reign is ''Year 5 IV Akhet day 15'' (season of the Inundation). Kim Ryholt notes that two dated control notes on stone blocks from his unfinished pyramid complex give him a minimum reign of 3 or 4 years 3 months and 5 days. The aforementioned control notes are dated to ''Year 1 I Akhet day 10'' and ''Year 5 IV Akhet day 15'' of his reign. In these control notes, the names of three officials invo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thirteenth Dynasty Of Egypt
The Thirteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIII) was a series of rulers from approximately 1803 BC until approximately 1649 BC, i.e. for 154 years. It is often classified as the final dynasty of the Middle Kingdom (which includes Dynasties XI, XII and XIV), but some historians instead group it in the Second Intermediate Period (with Dynasties XIV through XVII). Dynasty XIII initially ruled from the Nile Delta to the second cataract of the Nile. However, the dynasty marked a period of decline and instability, with Dynasty XIV rising concurrently and the Hyksos Dynasty XV taking control shortly after. Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep is usually considered Dynasty XIII's first pharaoh, and Merneferre Ay, while not the final pharaoh, was the last to occupy the Middle Kingdom capital of Itjtawy, and the last of the dynasty with a significant recorded reign. Chronology and rulers Ryholt (1997:190) argues that the 13th Dynasty lasted from 1803-1649 BC, lasting some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern South Saqqara Pyramid
The Southern South Saqqara PyramidMark Lehner, ''The Complete Pyramids'', Thames and Hudson, London 1997, pp. 187. . (also Unfinished Pyramid at South Saqqara;Dawn McCormack, "The Significance of Royal Funerary Architecture in the Study of 13th Dynasty Kingship." In M. Marée (ed) ''The Second Intermediate Period (13th–17th Dynasties), Current Research, Future Prospects'', Belgium: Peeters Leuven, 2010, pp. 69–84. Lepsius XLVI; SAK S 6Christoffer Theis, "Zum Eigentümer der Pyramide Lepsius XLVI / SAK S 6 im Süden von Sakkara", '' Göttinger Miszellen'' 218 (2008), pp. 101–105) is an ancient Egyptian royal tomb which was built during the 13th Dynasty in South Saqqara, and is renowned for having the most elaborate hypogeum since the late 12th Dynasty pyramids. The building remains unfinished and its owner is still uncertain as no unambiguous evidence has been found to settle the issue. In 2008, the Egyptologist Christoffer Theis proposed that the pyramid was b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aya (Queen)
Aya was an ancient Egyptian king's wife of the early Thirteenth Dynasty (between 1803 and 1649 BCE).K.S.B. Ryholt, ''The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period'' (''Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications'', vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997), p. 243-245 Attestations She is known from two sources. She can be associated with vizier Ankhu. Würzburg Martin von Wagner Museum H 35 At Abydos, Aya appears on a stela now in Würzburg. From this source it is clear that she was part of an influential family of high court officials and was related to the Vizier .Wolfram Grajetzki, ''Ancient Egyptian Queens: A Hieroglyphic Dictionary.'' London, Golden House Publications, 2005, p.36 Importantly, is a certain Royal Scribe and Overseer of a Half-Domain, Wepwawethotep , who married Senebhenas, daughter of Vizier Ankhu. Papyrus Boulaq 18 She appears in the Papyrus Boulaq 18. This is an administrative account belonging to the Theban palace of a Thirte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turin King List
The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon, is an ancient Egyptian hieratic papyrus thought to date from the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II (r. 1279–1213 BC), now in the Museo Egizio (Egyptian Museum) in Turin. The papyrus is the most extensive list available of kings compiled by the ancient Egyptians, and is the basis for most Egyptian chronology before the reign of Ramesses II. The list includes the names of 138 kings. Other sources say that there were originally 223 names of kings in the document, of which 126 have survived (sometimes only partially). 97 names have been lost. Creation and use The papyrus is believed to date from the reign of Ramesses II, during the middle of the New Kingdom, or the 19th Dynasty. The beginning and ending of the list are now lost; there is no introduction, and the list does not continue after the 19th Dynasty. The composition may thus have occurred at any subsequent time, from the reign of Ramesses II to as late as the 20th Dy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apepi (pharaoh)
Apepi (also Ipepi; Egyptian language '), Apophis (); regnal names Nebkhepeshre, Aaqenenre and Aauserre) was a Hyksos ruler of Lower Ancient Egypt, Egypt during the Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Fifteenth Dynasty and the end of the Second Intermediate Period. According to the Turin King List, Turin Canon of Kings, he reigned over the northern portion of Egypt for forty years during the early half of the 16th century BC. Although officially only in control of the Lower Kingdom, Apepi in practice dominated the majority of Egypt during the early portion of his reign. He outlived his southern rival, Kamose, but not Ahmose I.Grimal, p.189 While Apepi exerted suzerainty over and maintained peaceful trade relations with the native Thebes (Egypt), Theban Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt, Seventeenth Dynasty to the south, the other kingdom eventually regained control. The Hyksos were driven out of Egypt no more than fifteen years after his death. Kamose, the last king of the Seventeenth Dynast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alan Gardiner
Sir Alan Henderson Gardiner, (29 March 1879 – 19 December 1963) was an English Egyptologist, linguist, philologist, and independent scholar. He is regarded as one of the premier Egyptologists of the early and mid-20th century. Personal life Gardiner was born on 29 March 1879 in Eltham, which was then in the English county of Kent. His father was Henry John Gardiner, a highly successful entrepreneur and businessman who made a considerable fortune in the drapery and wholesale linen trade in Bristol and London.{{cite book , last=Lloyd , first=Stephen , title= H. Balfour Gardiner , publisher=Cambridge University Press , date=2005 , isbn=9780521619226 , pages=2–3 , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NHdVK2-3ITkC His mother, Clara Elizabeth ''née'' Honey, died in his infancy and he and his elder brother, the composer H. Balfour Gardiner, were brought up by their father's housekeeper. Gardiner was educated at Temple Grove School and Charterhouse. At school ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramses II
Ramesses II (sometimes written Ramses or Rameses) (; , , ; ), commonly known as Ramesses the Great, was an Pharaoh, Egyptian pharaoh. He was the third ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Nineteenth Dynasty. Along with Thutmose III of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Eighteenth Dynasty, he is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom of Egypt, New Kingdom, which itself was the most powerful period of ancient Egypt. He is also widely considered one of ancient Egypt's most successful warrior pharaohs, conducting no fewer than 15 military campaigns, all resulting in victories, excluding the Battle of Kadesh, generally considered a stalemate. In Ancient Greek literature, ancient Greek sources, he is called Ozymandias, derived from the first part of his Egyptian-language regnal name: . Ramesses was also referred to as the "Great Ancestor" by successor pharaohs and the Egyptian people. For the early part of his reign, he focu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crocodilopolis
Faiyum ( ; , ) is a city in Middle Egypt. Located southwest of Cairo, in the Faiyum Oasis, it is the capital of the modern Faiyum Governorate. It is one of Egypt's oldest cities due to its strategic location. Name and etymology Originally founded by the ancient Egyptians as Shedet, its current name in English is also spelled as Fayum, Faiyum or al-Faiyūm. Faiyum was also previously officially named Madīnat al-Faiyūm (Arabic language, Arabic for ''The City of Faiyum''). The name Faiyum (and its spelling variations) may also refer to the Faiyum Oasis, although it is commonly used by Egyptians today to refer to the city. The modern name of the city comes from Coptic language, Coptic / ' (whence also the personal name '), meaning ''the Sea'' or ''the Lake'', which in turn comes from late Egyptian language, Egyptian ''pꜣ-ym'' of the same meaning, a reference to the nearby Lake Moeris; the extinct elephant ancestor ''Phiomia'' was named after it. Ancient history Archaeo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
