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ISO Film Speed
Film speed is the measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to light, determined by sensitometry and measured on various numerical scales, the most recent being the ISO system introduced in 1974. A closely related system, also known as ISO, is used to describe the relationship between exposure and output image lightness in digital cameras. Prior to ISO, the most common systems were ASA in the United States and DIN in Europe. The term ''speed'' comes from the early days of photography. Photographic emulsions that were more sensitive to light needed less time to generate an acceptable image and thus a complete exposure could be finished faster, with the subjects having to hold still for a shorter length of time. Emulsions that were less sensitive were deemed "slower" as the time to complete an exposure was much longer and often usable only for still life photography. Exposure times for photographic emulsions shortened from hours to fractions of a second by the late 19th ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provia 100F RDPIII Box With ISO Film Speed
Provia is a brand name for a pair of white balance, daylight-balanced color reversal films (slide film) produced by the Japanese film company Fujifilm, Fuji film. It is currently available in one Film speed, speed, 100/21°, marketed as Fujichrome Provia 100F Professional [RDP III],. An additional speed of 400/27°, marketed as Fujichrome Provia 400X Professional [RXP], was previously available. Details Provia 100F [RDP III] was developed to replace Provia 100 [RDP II] and Provia 400X [RXP] was developed to replace Provia 400F [RHP III], improving on color Cellulose acetate film#Preservation and storage, image storage permanence and color fading resistance. Provia has less saturated colors and contrast compared to Velvia. Provia 100F [RDP III] is available in 135 film, 135 and 120 film, 120 formats, as well as rolls and various sheet sizes. Provia 400X was only available in 135 and 120 formats prior to discontinuation. Both films have the ability to be Push processing, pushed/ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphorescence
Phosphorescence is a type of photoluminescence related to fluorescence. When exposed to light (radiation) of a shorter wavelength, a phosphorescent substance will glow, absorbing the light and reemitting it at a longer wavelength. Unlike fluorescence, a phosphorescent material does not immediately reemit the radiation it absorbs. Instead, a phosphorescent material absorbs some of the radiation energy and reemits it for a much longer time after the radiation source is removed. In a general sense, there is no distinct boundary between the emission times of fluorescence and phosphorescence (i.e.: if a substance glows under a black light it is generally considered fluorescent, and if it glows in the dark it is often simply called phosphorescent). In a modern, scientific sense, the phenomena can usually be classified by the three different mechanisms that produce the light, and the typical timescales during which those mechanisms emit light. Whereas fluorescent materials stop emitti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dresden
Dresden (; ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; , ) is the capital city of the States of Germany, German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth largest by area (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Cologne), and the third-most populous city in the area of former East Germany, after Berlin and Leipzig. Dresden's urban area comprises the towns of Freital, Pirna, Radebeul, Meissen, Coswig, Saxony, Coswig, Radeberg, and Heidenau and has around 790,000 inhabitants. The Dresden metropolitan area has approximately 1.34 million inhabitants. Dresden is the second largest city on the River Elbe after Hamburg. Most of the city's population lives in the Dresden Basin, Elbe Valley, but a large, albeit very sparsely populated, area of the city east of the Elbe lies in the West Lusatian Hill Country and Uplands (the westernmost part of the Sudetes) and thus in Lusatia. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Congress Of Photography
The International Congress of Photography () or the International Photographic Congress, which was later renamed as The International Congress of Scientific and Applied Photography, was an international conference dedicated to the study and advancement of photography. Active from 1889, it focused on both scientific research and practical applications within the field. History The International Congress of Photography was established to address significant questions pertinent to photographers. It was first suggested by the jury of the Brussels Photographic Exhibition in 1885. At an 1887 meeting of the French Photography Society (), M. Stebbing proposed that the Society should organize a Photographic Congress to coincide with the Exposition Universelle of 1889 in Paris. The proposition was referred to the Committee of Administration and eventually arranged under the auspices of the French government.Photographic Times: An Illustrated Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Interests of Art ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emanuel Goldberg
Emanuel Goldberg (; ; ; 31August 188113September 1970) was an Israeli physicist and inventor. He was born in Moscow and moved first to Germany and later to Israel. He described himself as "a chemist by learning, physicist by calling, and a mechanic by birth." He contributed a wide range of theoretic and practical advances relating to light and media and was the founding head of Zeiss Ikon, the famous photographic products company in Dresden, Germany. His inventions include microdots, the Kinamo movie camera, the Contax 35 mm camera, a very early search engine, and equipment for sensitometry. Biography Goldberg was born in Moscow on 31 August 1881 (19 August 1881 in the Old Style, Julian calendar, sometimes given in error as 1 September) the son of Grigorii Ignat'evich Goldberg, a distinguished Colonel (Polkovnik) in the Tsar's military medical corps and his wife Olga Moiseevna Grodsenka. Earlier interested in engineering, he studied Chemistry at the University of Moscow a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutsches Institut Für Normung
' (DIN; in English language, English, the German Institute for Standardisation) is a Germany, German non-profit organization and acting as national organization for standardization. DIN is the German International Organization for Standardization, ISO member body. DIN is headquartered in Berlin. There are around thirty thousand DIN Technical standard, Standards, covering nearly every field of technology. History Founded in 1917 as the ' (NADI, "Standardisation Committee of German Industry"), the NADI was renamed ' (DNA, "German Standardisation Committee") in 1926 to reflect that the organization now dealt with standardization issues in many fields; viz., not just for industrial products. In 1975 it was renamed again to ', or 'DIN' and is recognised by the German government as the official national-standards body, representing German interests at the international and European levels. The acronym, 'DIN' is often incorrectly expanded as ' ("German Industry Standard"). This is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josef Maria Eder
Josef Maria Eder (16 March 1855 – 18 October 1944) was an Austrian chemist who specialized in the chemistry of photography, and who wrote a comprehensive early history of the technical development of chemical photography. Life and work Eder was born in Krems an der Donau in 1855. He studied chemistry, physics and mathematics at the Vienna University of Technology and at the University of Vienna. In 1876, he received his PhD and in 1879, after his habilitation, became lecturer at the Vienna University of Technology. Eder's research then focused on the chemistry of photography. After spending some time at the Staatliche Gewerbeschule Vienna, he became lecturer at the Höhere Gewerbeschule Vienna. This change improved his capacity to undertake research. In the following years, Eder developed a sensitized gelatin silver process. Orthochromatic photographic plates, in combination with a color filter counter-acting the plates' inhomogeneous sensitivity to light of different wavelength ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julius Scheiner
Julius Scheiner (25 November 1858 – 20 December 1913) was a German astronomer, born in Cologne and educated at Bonn. He became assistant at the astrophysical observatory in Potsdam in 1887 and its observer in chief in 1898, three years after his appointment to the chair of astrophysics in the University of Berlin. Scheiner paid special attention to celestial photography and wrote ''Die Spektralanalyse der Gestirne'' (1890); ''Lehrbuch der Photographie der Gestirne'' (1897); ''Strahlung und Temperatur der Sonne'' (1899); ''Der Bau des Weltalls'' (1901); third edition (1909). In 1899 he began the publication of the ''Photographische Himmelskarte; Zone +31° bis +40° Deklination''. He is also credited with developing the first system for measuring the sensitivity of photographic emulsions in 1894,Martin Riat. ''Graphische Techniken - Eine Einführung in die verschiedenen Techniken und ihre Geschichte''. E-Book, 3. German edition, Burriana, spring 2006, based on a Catalan book: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GOST
GOST () refers to a set of international technical standards maintained by the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC), a regional standards organization operating under the auspices of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). All sorts of regulated standards are included, with examples ranging from charting rules for design documentation to recipes and nutritional facts of Soviet-era brand names. The latter have become generic, but may only be sold under the label if the technical standard is followed, or renamed if they are reformulated. History GOST standards were originally developed by the government of the Soviet Union as part of its national standardization strategy. The word GOST ( Russian: ) is an acronym for ''gosudarstvennyy standart'' (Russian: '), which means ''government standard''. The history of national standards in the USSR can be traced back to 1925, when a government agency, later named Gosstandart, was establi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vero Charles Driffield
Vero Charles Driffield (7 May 1848 – 14 November 1915) was an English chemical substance, chemical engineer who also became involved in photographic research. Driffield was educated at Liverpool Collegiate Institution, Liverpool Collegiate and Sandbach School, Sandbach Grammar School. He also attended a private school in Southport where he came into contact with a Swiss people, Swiss master called Dr Knecht. Leaving school he became an apprentice to a photographer in Southport but then decided to study engineering. In 1871 he became an engineer at the Holbrook Gaskell, Gaskell–Henry Deacon (industrialist), Deacon Works in Widnes, Lancashire where the chief chemist was the Swiss Ferdinand Hurter. Through a common interest in music they became friends and around 1876 Driffield persuaded Hurter to take up photography as a hobby. Hurter applied his scientific mind to photography and together they carried out important research into the subject. They published eight pape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand Hurter
Ferdinand Hurter (15 March 1844 – 12 March 1898) was a Swiss industrial chemist who settled in England. He also carried out research into photography. Early life Ferdinand Hurter was born in Schaffhausen, Switzerland, the only son of Tobias Hurter, a bookbinder, and his wife Anna Oechslein.N. J. Travis (2004) ‘Hurter, Ferdinand (1844–1898)’, rev., ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University PressRetrieved on 10 July 2007 His father died when Ferdinand was aged only two and his mother worked as a nurse to support him and his sister Elizabeth. She later married her late husband's half-brother, David, and Ferdinand developed a strong relationship with his stepfather. After education at the local Gymnasium (school), Gymnasium he became an apprentice to a dyer in Winterthur before moving to Zürich to work in a silk firm. He then attended Zürich Polytechnic before going to Heidelberg University. Here he studied chemistry under Robert Bunsen an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
