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ISMN
The International Standard Music Number or ISMN (ISO 10957) is a thirteen-character alphanumeric identifier for Sheet music, printed music developed by International Organization for Standardization, ISO. Overview The original proposal for an ISMN was made by the UK Branch of International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres, IAML (International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres), put forward by Alan Pope (Blackwell's Music Department, Oxford), Malcolm Lewis (music librarian in Nottingham) and Malcolm Jones (music librarian in Birmingham). A draft ISMN structure and application was presented at the 1987 IAML conference in Amsterdam, then after further discussions at the 1989 IAML conference in Oxford it was decided that the UK, French and German branches should, through their respective national standards bodies (BSI, AFNOR and DIN) file ISMN as an ISO work project. After meetings in Ottawa and Paris in 1993, the draf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISBN
The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier that is intended to be unique. Publishers purchase or receive ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency. A different ISBN is assigned to each separate edition and variation of a publication, but not to a simple reprinting of an existing item. For example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book must each have a different ISBN, but an unchanged reprint of the hardcover edition keeps the same ISBN. The ISBN is ten digits long if assigned before 2007, and thirteen digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007. The method of assigning an ISBN is nation-specific and varies between countries, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The first version of the ISBN identification format was devised in 1967, based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) created in 1966. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bookland
"Bookland" is the informal name for the Unique Country Code (UCC) prefix allocated in the 1980s for European Article Number (EAN) identifiers of published books, regardless of country of origin, so that the EAN namespace can catalogue books by ISBN rather than maintaining a redundant parallel numbering system. Bookland is a fictitious country that exists solely in EAN for the purposes of non-geographically cataloguing books in the otherwise geographically keyed EAN coding system. History Until January 1, 2007, all ISBNs were allocated as 9-digit numbers followed by a modulo 11 checksum character that was either a decimal digit or the letter "X". A Bookland EAN was generated by concatenating the Bookland UCC 978, the 9 digits of the book's ISBN other than its checksum, and the EAN checksum digit. Since parts of the 10-character ISBN space are nearly full, all books published from 2007 on have been allocated a 13-digit ISBN, which is identical to the Bookland EAN. Most of UC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Article Number
International Article Number, also known as European Article Number (EAN), is a global standard that defines a barcode format and a unique numbering system used in retail and trade. It helps identify specific types of retail products based on their packaging and manufacturer, making it easier to track and manage products across international supply chains. Originally developed to simplify product identification in stores, the EAN system has been integrated into the broader Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) standard managed by GS1, a worldwide organization responsible for such standards. While GTIN covers various barcode types, EAN remains one of the most widely recognized formats, especially at retail point-of-sale systems. Beyond just checkout scanning, these numbers are also used for inventory control, wholesale transactions, and accounting processes. The most widely used version is EAN-13, a thirteen-digit format that evolved from the earlier 12-digit Universal Product Code (UPC- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unique Country Code
This is a list of country codes used by GS1. Not to be confused wittarget-market-country-code Source: GS1 Company Prefix {, class="wikitable sortable" style="vertical-align:top;" , - !style="min-width:3em;", Code ! Country , - , 001–019 , , UPC-A compatible - , - , 020–029 , , UPC-A compatible - Used to issue restricted circulation numbers within a geographic regiondefined by GS1 Member Organisations , - , 030–039 , , UPC-A compatible - drugs (see United States National Drug Code) , - , 040–049 , , UPC-A compatible - Used to issue restricted circulation numbers within a company , - , 050–059 , , UPC-A compatible - GS1 US reserved for future use , - , 060–099 , , UPC-A compatible - , - , 100–139 , , , - , 200–299 , , Used to issue GS1 restricted circulation number within a geographic region , - , 300–379 , , and , - , 380 , , , - , 383 , , , - , 385 , , , - , 387 , , , - , 389 , , , - , 390 , , , - , 400–440 , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Fripp
Robert Fripp (born 16 May 1946) is an English musician, composer, record producer, and author, best known as the guitarist, founder and longest-lasting member of the progressive rock band King Crimson. He has worked extensively as a session musician and collaborator, notably with David Bowie, Blondie (band), Blondie, Brian Eno, Peter Gabriel, Daryl Hall, the Roches, Talking Heads, and David Sylvian. He also composed the startup sound of Windows Vista, in collaboration with Tucker Martine and Steve Ball. Robert Fripp discography, His discography includes contributions to more than 700 official releases. His compositions often feature unusual asymmetric rhythms, influenced by classical and folk traditions. His innovations include a tape loop, tape delay system known as "Frippertronics" (superseded in the 1990s by a more sophisticated digital system called "Soundscapes") and New standard tuning, New Standard Tuning. Matthew Schnipper of ''Pitchfork (website), Pitchfork'' likened ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guitar Craft
Guitar Craft (GC) was a series of guitar and personal-development classes, founded and often presented by Robert Fripp, who is best known for his work with the rock band King Crimson. Guitar Craft courses introduced students to new standard tuning and ergonomic playing with the plectrum (pick), often using steel-stringed, acoustic, shallow-body guitars from the Ovation Guitar Company. By 2011, three thousand students had completed the courses. Students who continue to practise Guitar Craft playing have been called "crafties". Notable crafties include Trey Gunn and the California Guitar Trio (all four of whom, with Fripp, constituted The Robert Fripp String Quintet) and Markus Reuter. Crafties have recorded several albums under the name of "Robert Fripp and the League of Crafty Guitarists", for example. After 25 years, the Guitar Craft movement transformed its activities into Guitar Circles, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stock-keeping Unit
In inventory management, a stock keeping unit (abbreviated as SKU, pronounced or ) is the unit of measure in which the stocks of a material are managed. It is a distinct type of item for sale, purchase, or tracking in inventory, such as a product or service, and all attributes associated with the item type that distinguish it from other item types (for a product, these attributes can include manufacturer, description, material, size, color, packaging, and warranty terms). When a business records the inventory of its stock, it counts the quantity it has of each unit, or SKU. SKU can also refer to a unique identifier or code, sometimes represented via a barcode for scanning and tracking, which refers to the particular stock keeping unit. These identifiers are not regulated or standardized. When a company receives items from a vendor, it has a choice of maintaining the vendor's SKU or creating its own. This makes them distinct from Global Trade Item Number (GTIN), which are stand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Library Science
Library and information science (LIS)Library and Information Sciences is the name used in the Dewey Decimal Classification for class 20 from the 18th edition (1971) to the 22nd edition (2003). are two interconnected disciplines that deal with information management. This includes organization, access, collection, and regulation of information, both in physical and digital forms.Coleman, A. (2002)Interdisciplinarity: The Road Ahead for Education in Digital Libraries D-Lib Magazine, 8:8/9 (July/August). Library science and information science are two original disciplines; however, they are within the same field of study. Library science is applied information science. Library science is both an application and a subfield of information science. Due to the strong connection, sometimes the two terms are used synonymously. Definition Library science (previously termed library studies and library economy) is an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary field that applies the practices, per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unique Identifiers
A unique identifier (UID) is an identifier that is guaranteed to be unique among all identifiers used for those objects and for a specific purpose. The concept was formalized early in the development of computer science and information systems. In general, it was associated with an primitive data type, atomic data type. In relational databases, certain attributes of an entity–relationship model, entity that serve as unique identifiers are called ''primary keys''. In mathematics, set theory uses the concept of ''element (mathematics), element indexed family, indices'' as unique identifiers. Classification There are some main types of unique identifiers, each corresponding to a different generation strategy: # serial numbers, assigned incrementally or sequentially, by a central authority or accepted reference. # random numbers, selected from a number space much larger than the maximum (or expected) number of objects to be identified. Although not really unique, some identifie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Identifiers
An identifier is a name that identifies (that is, labels the identity of) either a unique object or a unique ''class'' of objects, where the "object" or class may be an idea, person, physical countable object (or class thereof), or physical mass noun, noncountable substance (or class thereof). The abbreviation ID often refers to identity, identification (the process of identifying), or an identifier (that is, an instance of identification). An identifier may be a word, number, letter, symbol, or any combination of those. The words, numbers, letters, or symbols may follow an code, encoding system (wherein letters, digits, words, or symbols ''stand for'' [represent] ideas or longer names) or they may simply be arbitrary. When an identifier follows an encoding system, it is often referred to as a code or id code. For instance the ISO/IEC 11179 metadata registry standard defines a code as ''system of valid symbols that substitute for longer values'' in contrast to identifiers wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Checksum Algorithms
A checksum is a small-sized block of data derived from another block of digital data for the purpose of detecting errors that may have been introduced during its transmission or storage. By themselves, checksums are often used to verify data integrity but are not relied upon to verify data authenticity. The procedure which generates this checksum is called a checksum function or checksum algorithm. Depending on its design goals, a good checksum algorithm usually outputs a significantly different value, even for small changes made to the input. This is especially true of cryptographic hash functions, which may be used to detect many data corruption errors and verify overall data integrity; if the computed checksum for the current data input matches the stored value of a previously computed checksum, there is a very high probability the data has not been accidentally altered or corrupted. Checksum functions are related to hash functions, fingerprints, randomization functions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
