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Hyainailourinae
Hyainailourinae ("hyena-cats") is an extinct paraphyletic subfamily of hyainailourid hyaenodonts that lived in Africa, Asia, North America and Europe during the middle Eocene to middle Miocene. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Subfamily: †Hyainailourinae (paraphyletic subfamily) ** Genus: †''Megistotherium'' *** †''Megistotherium osteothlastes'' ** Genus: †'' Mlanyama'' *** †''Mlanyama sugu'' ** Genus: †''Orienspterodon'' *** †''Orienspterodon dahkoensis'' ** Genus: †'' Pakakali'' *** †''Pakakali rukwaensis'' ** Genus: †''Simbakubwa'' *** †''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' ** (unranked): †''Akhnatenavus'' clade *** Genus: †'' Akhnatenavus'' **** †''Akhnatenavus leptognathus'' **** †''Akhnatenavus nefertiticyon'' *** Genus: †''Hemipsalodon'' **** †''Hemipsalodon grandis'' **** †''Hemipsalodon viejaensis'' *** Genus: †'' Ischnognathus'' **** †''Ischnognathus savagei'' ** Tribe: † Hyainailourini (polyphyletic tribe) *** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyainailouridae
Hyainailouridae ("hyena-cats") is a paraphyletic family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct paraphyletic superfamily Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Hyaenodontids arose during the middle Eocene and persisted well into the middle Miocene. Fossils of this group have been found in Asia, Africa, North America and Europe. General characteristics Hyainailourids are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies, and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While some measured as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder with head-body length up to 3.2 m and weighed up to 1,500 kg, most were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing. At least one hyainailourid lineage, Apterodontinae, was specialised for aquatic, otter-like habits. Range T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaenodonta
Hyaenodonta (" hyena teeth") is an extinct order of hypercarnivorous placental pan-carnivoran mammals from mirorder Ferae. Hyaenodonts were important mammalian predators that arose during the early Paleocene in Europe and persisted well into the late Miocene. Characteristics Hyaenodonts are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While '' Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' may have been up to (surpassing the modern polar bear in size) and ''Hyaenodon gigas'' (the largest species from genus ''Hyaenodon'') was as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder, 3.0 m long and weighed about 330 kg, most of hyaenodonts were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing. Because of their size range, it is probable that di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falcatodon
''Falcatodon'' ("curved tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae, from the Early Oligocene (Rupelian) of the Faiyum Oasis depression in Egypt. Description Morales and Pickford (2017, p. 344) diagnose ''Falcatodon'' as follows: "Medium sized Hyainailourinae, differing from ''Metapterodon'' by the reduction of the protocone in the upper molars (M1 – M2), which is located in a very anterior position. It differs from ''Hyainailouros'' by the more sectorial morphology of the upper molars, with more advanced fusion of the paracone-metacone with, nevertheless, a groove separating the cusps visible in the M1. Lower molars sectorial with reduced talonid and without a metaconid. It differs from ''Isohyaenodon'', '' Sectisodon'' and '' Exiguodon'', by the lesser reduction of the protocone in the upper molars which, above all, retain a stretched out subtriangular occlusal outline." ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyainailourini
Hyainailourini ("hyena-cats") is an extinct polyphyletic tribe of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Africa, Asia and Europe during the middle Eocene to middle Miocene. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Tribe: †Hyainailourini (polyphyletic tribe) ** Genus: †'' Exiguodon'' *** †''Exiguodon pilgrimi'' ** Genus: †''Falcatodon'' *** †''Falcatodon schlosseri'' ** Genus: †''Hyainailouros'' (polyphyletic genus) *** †''Hyainailouros bugtiensis'' *** †''Hyainailouros napakensis'' *** †''Hyainailouros sulzeri'' ** Genus: †'' Parapterodon'' *** †''Parapterodon lostangensis'' ** Genus: †'' Sectisodon'' *** †''Sectisodon markgrafi'' *** †''Sectisodon occultus'' ** Genus: †'' Sivapterodon'' *** †''Sivapterodon lahirii'' ** Subtribe: †Isohyaenodontina (polyphyletic subtribe) *** Genus: †''Isohyaenodon'' (polyphyletic genus) **** †''Isohyaenodon andrewsi'' **** †''Isohyaenodon zadoki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isohyaenodon
''Isohyaenodon'' ("equal to Hyaenodon") is an extinct polyphyletic genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal from polyphyletic subtribe Isohyaenodontina (of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae). Remains are known from early to middle Miocene deposits in Kenya, East Africa. Description ''Isohyaenodon'' is distinguished from ''Hyaenodon'' in having more robust molars, lower molars with a subequal paraconid and protoconid, and upper molars with a more well-developed protocone. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy ''Isohyaenodon'' was considered possibly the same genus as '' Leakitherium'' from the same region by Van Valen (1967), but subsequent studies have rejected this assumption. ''Isohyaenodon pilgrimi'' Savage, 1965 was formerly assigned to this genus, but has been renamed '' Exiguodon pilgrimi''. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Isohyaenodon'' are shown in the following cladogram: See also * Mammal classi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemipsalodon
''Hemipsalodon'' ("half-scissor tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in North America during the middle to late Eocene.G. F. Gunnell (1998.) "Creodonta". In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.)"Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals" Cambridge University Press, 703 pages Description The skull of ''Hemipsalodon grandis'' is in length, with a lower jaw length of . The most complete skull (''O.M.S.I. No. 619''), belonged to an old individual. It is powerfully-built, and overall superficially resembles the mesonychid '' Harpagolestes''. The nasal opening is quite large. The canines Canine may refer to: Zoology and anatomy * a dog-like Canid animal in the subfamily Caninae ** ''Canis'', a genus including dogs, wolves, coyotes, and jackals ** Dog, the domestic dog * Canine tooth, in mammalian oral anatomy People w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simbakubwa
''Simbakubwa'' ("great lion") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Kenya during the early Miocene. Etymology The name of this genus comes from Swahili language for "great lion". Species name ''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' means "great lion of Africa". Description Different regression models produce a wide range of body mass estimates for ''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'': from a low estimate of , comparable to the largest lions, to an upper estimate possibly reaching up to , which would surpass the modern polar bear in size. The fossils of ''Simbakubwa'' were first discovered by rural Kenyans at Meswa Bridge, Western Kenya. Thereafter Matthew Borths and Nancy Stevens published the findings after examining the fossils which had been stored at the Nairobi National Museum in Kenya for decades. The type specimen consists of a mandible from the lower jaw, a right upper maxilla and some postcranial remains. The light wear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megistotherium
''Megistotherium'' ("greatest beast") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Africa. Etymology The name of this genus comes and . The name of species ''Megistotherium osteothlastes'' comes and (with ''-es'' being an agent noun: 'bone-crusher'). Description ''Megistotherium osteothlastes'' is the only known species from this genus, and it was a large hyainailourid that lived during the early Miocene. Its remains have been found in the Ngorora and Muruyur Formations of Kenya, Egypt,Morlo, M., Miller, E.R., and El-Barkooky, A.N. 2007. Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27: 145–159. Namibia, UgandaMorales, J. and M. Pickford. (2008). "Creodonts and carnivores from the Middle Miocene Muruyur Formation at Kipsaraman and Cheparawa, Baringo District, Kenya." ''Comptes Rendus Palevol'' 7 (8): 487-497 and Libya. Named by Robert Savage in 1973, ''Megistotherium'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sectisodon
''Sectisodon'' ("cutting tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae from early Oligocene to early Miocene deposits in Egypt and Uganda. Description Morales and Pickford (2017, p. 346) diagnose ''Sectisodon'' as follows: "Hyainailourinae of small dimensions, M1 and M2 of similar length. M2 with paracone and metacone fused together, tall and pointed. Protocone very reduced, flattened and extending basally beyond the base of the paracone. Anterior cingulum with a well-defined parastyle with a moderate buccal cingulum. M2 and M1 with the metastyle quite a bit longer than the paracone-metacone. P3 short, with tall main cusp, posterior cusplet moderate, and much reduced protocone. Basal lingual cingulum strong, weaker on the buccal side. Lower molars with protoconid bigger than the metaconid, m2 with talonid present, much reduced in the m3." Classification and phylogeny Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyainailouros
''Hyainailouros'' ("hyena-cat") is an extinct polyphyletic genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae, that lived during the early to middle Miocene, of which there were at least three species spread across Europe, Africa, and Asia. Closely related to other large African hyaenodonts such as ''Simbakubwa'' and ''Megistotherium'', ''Hyainailouros'' walked with a semi-digitigrade stance and was probably capable of large, leaping bounds. Alongside its African relatives and the last members of the genus ''Hyaenodon ''Hyaenodon'' (" hyena-tooth") is an extinct genus of carnivorous hyaenodont mammals from tribe Hyaenodontini, within subfamily Hyaenodontinae in family Hyaenodontidae,Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell (1997."Classification of Mammals: Above t ...'' from Asia, ''Hyainailouros'' was among the largest hyaenodonts that existed. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Hyai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orienspterodon
''Orienspterodon'' ("eastern '' Pterodon''") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in China and Myanmar during the middle to late Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', " .... ''Orienspterodon dahkoensis'' was originally assigned to genus '' Pterodon'' in 1975, but was eventually assigned to its own genus in 2007. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Orienspterodon'' are shown in the following cladogram. References Hyaenodonts Eocene mammals of Asia Prehistoric placental genera {{paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sivapterodon
''Sivapterodon'' ("Shiva's '' Pterodon''") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Pakistan during the middle Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen .... Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Sivapterodon'' are shown in the following cladogram: References Hyaenodonts Miocene mammals of Asia Prehistoric placental genera {{paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
