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Hugo Krabbe
Hugo Krabbe (3 February 1857 – 4 February 1936) was a Dutch legal philosopher and writer on public international law. Known for his contributions to the theory of sovereignty and the state, he is regarded as a precursor of Hans Kelsen. Like Kelsen, Krabbe identified state and law, and argued that state law and international law were parts of a single normative system; contrary to Kelsen, he conceived of the identity between state and law as the outcome of an evolutionary process. Krabbe maintained that the binding force of the law is founded on the "legal consciousness" of mankind: a normative feeling inherent to human psychology. His work is expressive of the progressive and cosmopolitan ideals of interwar liberal internationalism, and his notion of "sovereignty of law" stirred up much controversy in the legal scholarship of the time. Life Born in Leiden to a Dutch Reformed minister, Christiaan Krabbe, and Maria Adriana Machteld Scholten, Hugo Krabbe attended Stedelijk Gym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leiden University
Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; nl, Universiteit Leiden) is a public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. The university was founded as a Protestant university in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange, as a reward to the city of Leiden for its defence against Spanish attacks during the Eighty Years' War. As the oldest institution of higher education in the Netherlands, it enjoys a reputation across Europe and the world. Known for its historic foundations and emphasis on the social sciences, the university came into particular prominence during the Dutch Golden Age, when scholars from around Europe were attracted to the Dutch Republic due to its climate of intellectual tolerance and Leiden's international reputation. During this time, Leiden became the home to individuals such as René Descartes, Rembrandt, Christiaan Huygens, Hugo Grotius, Baruch Spinoza and Baron d'Holbach. The university has seven academic faculties and over fifty subject departments wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roelof Kranenburg
Roelof Kranenburg (Groningen Groningen (; gos, Grunn or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen (province), Groningen province in the Netherlands. The ''capital of the north'', Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of t ..., 8 September 1880 – The Hague, 27 December 1956) was a Dutch politician, lawyer and professor of constitutional law. Initially, he was a member of the Free-thinking Democratic League, Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond, but later he joined the Dutch Labour Party, PvdA. He was president of the Senate of the Netherlands, Senate from 1946 till 1951 He was preceded by Willem Lodewijk de Vos van Steenwijk and was succeeded by his party colleague Jan Anne Jonkman. During the Second World War, he was put under arrest by the Nazis. Decorations *: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion References 1880 births 1956 deaths Politicians from Groningen (city) Free-thinking Democratic L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerardus Heymans
Gerardus Heymans (17 April 1857, Ferwert – 18 February 1930, Groningen) was a Dutch philosopher and psychologist.Hubbeling, H. G. (2013). Gerardus Heijmans (1857-1930). In ''Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland.'' https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn2/heijmans From 1890 to 1927, he worked as a professor of philosophy at the University of Groningen (UG). He also served as rector magnificus (president) of the UG in the academic year 1908-1909. Heymans is one of the most influential philosophers of the Netherlands and the pioneer of Dutch psychology.Draaisma, D. (Ed.). (1983). ''Gerard Heymans, objectiviteit in filosofie en psychologie''. Wereldvenster.Busato, V. V., Essen, M. van, & Koops, W. (Eds.). (2013). ''Vier grondleggers van de psychologie: G. Heymans, F. Roels, G. Révész, J. Waterink.'' Uitgeverij Bert Bakker.Have, T. T. ten. (1947). Essentials of heymans' philosophy. ''Synthese'', ''5''(11-12), 526–541. The establishment of his psychologica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georg Jellinek
Georg Jellinek (16 June 1851 – 12 January 1911) was a German public lawyer and was considered to be "''the'' exponent of public law in Austria“. Life From 1867, Jellinek studied law, history of art and philosophy at the University of Vienna. He also studied philosophy, history and law in Heidelberg and Leipzig up until 1872. He was the son of Adolf Jellinek, a famous preacher in Vienna's Jewish community. In 1872 he completed his ''Dr. phil.'' thesis in Leipzig (''The Socio-Ethical Meaning of Justice, Injustice and Punishment'') and in 1874 also his ''Dr. jur.'' in Vienna. In 1879 he qualified as a professor at the University of Vienna. Jellinek was later visiting professor of legal philosophy in Vienna, in 1881 he was named a member of the commission for state exams and one year later he published his seminal work, ''The Theory of the Unifications of States'' (1882). In 1883 he was given the prestigious title of Professor of Public Law at the University of Vienna. In 1889 h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudolf Von Jhering
Caspar Rudolph Ritter von Jhering (also Ihering) (22 August 1818 – 17 September 1892) was a German jurist. He is best known for his 1872 book ''Der Kampf ums Recht'' (''The Struggle for Law''), as a legal scholar, and as the founder of a modern sociological and historical school of law. Life and career Jhering was born in Aurich, in the Kingdom of Hanover. He entered the University of Heidelberg in 1836 and also studied in Göttingen, Munich, and starting 1838 in Berlin, where he earned his PhD. Of all his teacher, Georg Friedrich Puchta was the most influential one to him. In 1844, after graduating as a '' doctor juris'', Jhering established himself in Berlin as ''Privatdozent'' for Roman law, and delivered public lectures on the ''Geist des römischen Rechts'' (Spirit of Roman law), the theme that may be said to have constituted his life's work. In 1845, he became an ordinary professor at the University of Basel, in 1846 at Rostock, in 1849 at Kiel, and in 1851 at Gie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Laband
Paul Laband (24 May 1838 – 23 March 1918) was a German jurist and the German Empire's leading scholar of constitutional law. Life and work Labant was born into a Jewish family and converted to Christianity in 1857. He studied law at Breslau, Heidelberg and Berlin, and obtained his habilitation in Heidelberg in 1861. He was called to teach at Königsberg in 1864, and at Strasbourg in 1872, where he taught until his retirement. The Imperial government appointed him as councillor of state of Alsace-Lorraine in 1879 and as a member of that state's legislature in 1911. He was a signatory of the Manifesto of the Ninety-Three that supported Germany's entry into World War I. Laband's writings on constitutional law are characterized by a formalist approach focused on terminology and logic, disregarding other rules of statutory interpretation such as historical, philosophical, political or teleological considerations. In a 1870 paper on Prussian budget law, he established the distinctio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Friedrich Von Gerber
Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Gerber, since 1859 von Gerber (11 April 1823 – 23 December 1891) was a Saxon politician and one of Germany's leading jurists of his time. Born to a Thuringian family in Ebeleben, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen , Gerber studied law in Jena and taught it in Erlangen after 1847, in Jena in 1862 and in Leipzig after 1863. He is often mentioned as a leading scholar of civil law together with his friend Rudolf von Jhering, and his views also helped shape the development of constitutional law Constitutional law is a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of citizens and, in fe ... in Germany. In 1867, he was elected to the North German Reichstag, and became North German minister of culture in 1871. He held that post until in 1891, shortly before his death, he was appointed chief minister of the Saxon govern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Westel W
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Westel may refer to: * Westel Willoughby, Jr. * Westel W. Willoughby * short name of Western Telesystems Ltd * a former name of Hungarian T-Mobile T-Mobile is the brand name used by some of the mobile communications subsidiaries of the German telecommunications company Deutsche Telekom AG in the Czech Republic ( T-Mobile Czech Republic), Poland ( T-Mobile Polska), the United States (T-Mobil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Austin (legal Philosopher)
John Austin (3 March 1790 – 1 December 1859) was an English legal theorist, who posthumously influenced British and American law with an analytical approach to jurisprudence and a theory of legal positivism. Austin opposed traditional approaches of "natural law", arguing against any need for connections between law and morality. Human legal systems, he claimed, can and should be studied in an empirical, value-free way. Life and work Austin was born on 3 March 1790 at Creeting St Mary in today's district of Mid Suffolk, as the eldest son of a well-to-do miller. After spending five years in the army during the Napoleonic Wars, Austin turned to law, and spent seven unhappy years practising at the Chancery bar. In 1819, he married Sarah Taylor and became neighbours and close friends with Jeremy Bentham, James and John Stuart Mill. Mainly through Bentham's influence, Austin was appointed Professor of Jurisprudence at the newly founded London University in 1826. However, Austin's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jurisprudence
Jurisprudence, or legal theory, is the theoretical study of the propriety of law. Scholars of jurisprudence seek to explain the nature of law in its most general form and they also seek to achieve a deeper understanding of legal reasoning and analogy, legal systems, legal institutions, and the proper application of law, the economic analysis of law and the role of law in society. Modern jurisprudence began in the 18th century and it was based on the first principles of natural law, civil law, and the law of nations. General jurisprudence can be divided into categories both by the type of question scholars seek to answer and by the theories of jurisprudence, or schools of thought, regarding how those questions are best answered. Contemporary philosophy of law, which deals with general jurisprudence, addresses problems internal to law and legal systems and problems of law as a social institution that relates to the larger political and social context in which it exists.Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal Positivism
Legal positivism (as understood in the Anglosphere) is a school of thought of analytical jurisprudence developed largely by legal philosophers during the 18th and 19th centuries, such as Jeremy Bentham and John Austin. While Bentham and Austin developed legal positivist theory, empiricism provided the theoretical basis for such developments to occur. The most prominent legal positivist writer in English has been H. L. A. Hart, who, in 1958, found common usages of "positivism" as applied to law to include the contentions that: * laws are commands of human beings; * there is not any necessary relation between law and morality, that is, between law as it is and as it ought to be; * analysis (or study of the meaning) of legal concepts is worthwhile and is to be distinguished from history or sociology of law, as well as from criticism or appraisal of law, for example with regard to its moral value or to its social aims or functions; * a legal system is a closed, logical system in which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Government
World government is the concept of a single political authority with jurisdiction over all humanity. It is conceived in a variety of forms, from tyrannical to democratic, which reflects its wide array of proponents and detractors. A world government with executive, legislative, and judicial functions and an administrative apparatus has never existed. The inception of the United Nations (UN) in the mid-20th century remains the closest approximation to a world government, as it is by far the largest and most powerful international institution. However, the UN is mostly limited to an advisory role, with the stated purpose of fostering cooperation between existing national governments, rather than exerting authority over them. Nevertheless, the organization is commonly viewed as either a model for, or preliminary step towards, a global government. The concept of universal governance has existed since antiquity and been the subject of discussion, debate, and even advocacy by some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
