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Hraničná
Hraničná () is a ghost town and municipal part of Kraslice in Sokolov District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. History The settlement emerged in 13th century and belonged to Waldsassen Abbey, which colonized the area. The German name of ''Markhausen'' derives from its position at a border (or, demarcation; German ''Mark'' (border); Hausen from German ''Haus''(house), i.e. from the fact that there are houses at a border). The first written mention is from 1348. Successively, for roughly 250 years, the place does hardly appear historical documents. In 1608, Markhausen was founded again and is mentioned in a 1715 map of the Elbogen District by the minister cartographer Adam Friedrich Zürner. Back then, the settlement belonged to neighbouring Krásná. The inhabitants' economy based mainly upon forgecraft, the production of wood charcoal and mining. In 1610, Markhausen became a Katastralgemeinde. In 1847, 302 people lived there in 32 houses, then living mainly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraslice
Kraslice (; ) is a town in Sokolov District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 6,400 inhabitants. It was a large and important town until World War II. It is known for the manufacture of musical instruments. Administrative division Kraslice consists of 15 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Kraslice (5,834) *Černá (12) *Čirá (29) *Hraničná (0) *Kámen (7) *Kostelní (16) *Krásná (87) *Liboc (11) *Mlýnská (18) *Počátky (15) *Sklená (20) *Sněžná (31) *Tisová (88) *Valtéřov (3) *Zelená Hora (135) Etymology The roots of the name derive from the medieval German ''Graz'', meaning "trimmed conifer twigs". The name ''Graslitz'' was then a diminutive of the word Graz. The Czech language, Czech name ''Kraslice'' is a transliteration of the German name and also literally means "blown easter egg". Geography Kraslice is located about north of Sokolov, Czech Republic, Sokolov and northwest of Karlovy Vary. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Friedrich Zürner
Adam Friedrich Zürner (15 August 1679 – 18 December 1742) was a German cartographer and geometrician. In the 18th century, he served as the royal commissioner for lands and boundaries of the Electorate of Saxony. He produced more than 900 maps. Biography On 15 August 1679, Zürner was born in as the second son to pastor Adam Zürner. His interest in geography was realized during his homeschooling. He attended the Latin school in Oelsnitz, Vogtland, the gymnasium in Hof, Bavaria, the University of Wittenberg, and then the University of Leipzig in 1703, which he graduated from as Master of Theology in 1704. He served as a pastor in the Großenhain amt. In 1711, seeking the interest of Augustus II the Strong, he mapped the amt, with it being published in Amsterdam by Peter Schenk the Elder shortly after. His 1712 map of the Tsardom of Russia used Siberia instead of Tartary, a practice that became common. On 12 April 1713, he was commissioned by Augustus to map the entire Ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neighbourhoods In The Czech Republic
A neighbourhood (Commonwealth English) or neighborhood (American English) is a geographically localized community within a larger town, city, suburb or rural area, sometimes consisting of a single street and the buildings lining it. Neighbourhoods are often social communities with considerable face-to-face interaction among members. Researchers have not agreed on an exact definition, but the following may serve as a starting point: "Neighbourhood is generally defined spatially as a specific geographic area and functionally as a set of social networks. Neighbourhoods, then, are the spatial units in which face-to-face social interactions occur—the personal settings and situations where residents seek to realise common values, socialise youth, and maintain effective social control." Preindustrial cities In the words of the urban scholar Lewis Mumford, "Neighborhoods, in some annoying, inchoate fashion exist wherever human beings congregate, in permanent family dwellings; and ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Populated Places In Sokolov District
Population is a set of humans or other organisms in a given region or area. Governments conduct a census to quantify the resident population size within a given jurisdiction. The term is also applied to non-human animals, microorganisms, and plants, and has specific uses within such fields as ecology and genetics. Etymology The word ''population'' is derived from the Late Latin ''populatio'' (a people, a multitude), which itself is derived from the Latin word ''populus'' (a people). Use of the term Social sciences In sociology and population geography, population refers to a group of human beings with some predefined feature in common, such as location, race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion. Ecology In ecology, a population is a group of organisms of the same species which inhabit the same geographical area and are capable of interbreeding. The area of a sexual population is the area where interbreeding is possible between any opposite-sex pair within the area ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klingenthal
Klingenthal is a town in the Vogtland region, in Saxony, south-eastern Germany. Geography Klingenthal is situated directly on the border with the Czech Republic opposite the Czech town of Kraslice. Klingenthal is 29 km southeast of Plauen, and 33 km northwest of Karlovy Vary. It is part of the Musikwinkel, a historical center of musical instrument manufacturing. The Aschberg ("cinder mountain") towers above the town at 936 m. The extremely elongated town, 10.5 km from end to end, is surrounded by numerous woods of firs. The town is bisected by the Brunndöbra and Svatava (river), Svatava rivers. The two rivers unite at the Czech-German border to form the Svatava river, which in turn flows into the Ohře river at Sokolov, Czech Republic. History In 1591, Sebastian Köppel established a hammer mill near the border to Bohemia on the banks of the Svatava (river), Zwota in order to capitalize on the rich deposits of iron ore and the region's vast supplies of w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ore Mountains
The Ore Mountains (, or ; ) lie along the Czech–German border, separating the historical regions of Bohemia in the Czech Republic and Saxony in Germany. The highest peaks are the Klínovec in the Czech Republic (German: ''Keilberg'') at above Normalnull, sea level and the Fichtelberg in Germany at . The Ore Mountains have been intensively reshaped by human intervention and a diverse cultural landscape has developed. Mining in particular, with its tips, dams, ditches and sinkholes, directly shaped the landscape and the habitats of plants and animals in many places. The region was also the setting of the earliest stages of the Early modern period, early modern transformation of mining and metallurgy from a craft to a large-scale industry, a process that preceded and enabled the later Industrial Revolution. The higher altitudes from around 500 m above sea level on the German side belong to the Ore Mountains/Vogtland Nature Parkthe largest of its kind in Germany with a length ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Svatava (river)
The Svatava () is a river in the Czech Republic and Germany. It flows through Saxony in Germany and through the Karlovy Vary Region. It is a left tributary of the Ohře River. It is long. Etymology The name is derived from the Czech word ''svatá'', i.e. 'saint'. The name first appeared in Latin texts from 1181 and 1184 as ''Zuata'' and ''Znata'', but ''Znata'' is considered a typo. The settlements Svatava (Sokolov District), Svatava and Zwota were named after the river. Characteristic The Svatava (as Zwota) originates in the territory of Markneukirchen in the Ore Mountains at an elevation of ; however, the Zwotawasser stream, which originates in the territory of Schöneck, Saxony, Schöneck at an elevation of is usually referred to as the main source of the river. The Svatava then flows to Sokolov, Czech Republic, Sokolov, where it merges with the Ohře River at an elevation of . It is long, of which is in the Czech Republic, forms the Czech-German border and is in Germany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expulsion Of Germans From Czechoslovakia
The expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia after World War II was part of a broader series of Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950), evacuations and deportations of Germans from Central and Eastern Europe during and after World War II. During the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the Czech resistance groups demanded the deportation of ethnic Germans from Czechoslovakia. The decision to deport the Germans was adopted by the Czechoslovak government-in-exile which, beginning in 1943, sought the support of the Allies of World War II, Allies for this proposal.Československo-sovětské vztahy v diplomatických jednáních 1939–1945. Dokumenty. Díl 2 (červenec 1943 – březen 1945). Praha. 1999. () However, a formal decision on the expulsion of the German population was not reached until 2 August 1945, at the conclusion of the Potsdam Conference#Agreements, Potsdam Conference. In the months following the end of the war, "wild" expulsions happened from May until August ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gendarmerie
A gendarmerie () is a paramilitary or military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. The term ''gendarme'' () is derived from the medieval French expression ', which translates to " men-at-arms" (). In France and some Francophone nations, the gendarmerie is a branch of the armed forces that is responsible for internal security in parts of the territory (primarily in rural areas and small towns in the case of France), with additional duties as military police for the armed forces. It was introduced to several other Western European countries during the Napoleonic conquests. In the mid-twentieth century, a number of former French mandates and colonial possessions (such as Lebanon, Syria, the Ivory Coast and the Republic of the Congo) adopted a gendarmerie after independence. Similar forces exist in most European countries. The European Gendarmerie Force is a structure, aligned with the European Union, that facilitates joint operations. A similar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katastralgemeinde
A cadastral community (or cadastre community, cadastral r cadastremunicipality, cadastral r cadastrecommune,Problémy s překladem termínu „katastrální území“ do angličtiny. in: Geodetický a kartografický Obzor. Český úřad zeměměřický a katastrální, Úrad geodézie, kartografie a katastra Slovenskej republiky. 3, March 2015. p. 66, 67 cadastral r cadastreunit, cadastral r cadastredistrict, cadastral r cadastrearea, cadastral r cadastreterritory) is a cadastral subdivision of municipalities in the nations of Austria,Cadastral Template for Austria, web-pageCT-AT Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, the Netherlands, and the Italian provinces of South Tyrol, Trentino, Gorizia and Trieste. A cadastral community records property ownership in a cadastre, which is a register describing property ownership by boundary lines of the real estate. The common etymology in the Central European successor states of the Habsbur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charcoal
Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood (or other animal and plant materials) in minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents. In the traditional version of this pyrolysis process, called charcoal burning, often by forming a charcoal kiln, the heat is supplied by burning part of the starting material itself, with a limited supply of oxygen. The material can also be heated in a closed retort. Modern charcoal briquettes used for outdoor cooking may contain many other additives, e.g. coal. The early history of wood charcoal production spans ancient times, rooted in the abundance of wood in various regions. The process typically involves stacking wood billets to form a conical pile, allowing air to enter through openings at the bottom, and igniting the pile gradually. Charcoal burners, skilled professionals tasked with managing the delicate operation, often lived in isolation to tend their wood piles . Throughout histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waldsassen Abbey
Waldsassen Abbey (German: ''Abtei Waldsassen'') is a Cistercian nunnery, formerly a Cistercian monastery, located on the River Wondreb at Waldsassen near Tirschenreuth, Oberpfalz, in Bavaria, Germany, close to the border with the Czech Republic. In the Holy Roman Empire it was an Imperial Abbey. History First foundation The monastery, the first Cistercian foundation in Bavaria, was founded by Gerwich of Wolmundstein, a Benedictine monk of Sigeberg Abbey, with the permission of his former abbot Kuno, then Bishop of Regensburg, and built between 1128 and 1132. The original community was sent to Waldsassen from Volkenroda Abbey in Thuringia, of the line of Morimond Abbey. The first abbot was elected in 1133, making this one of the earliest Cistercian foundations. Soon the abbey became one of the most renowned and powerful of the times. As the number of monks increased, several important foundations were made at Senftenberg and Osek in Bohemia, at Walderbach, near Rege ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
