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Hoppus
The hoppus cubic foot (or ‘hoppus cube’ or ‘h cu ft’) was the standard volume measurement used for timber in the British Empire and countries in the British sphere of influence before the introduction of metric units. It is still used in the hardwood trade in some countries. This volume measurement was developed to estimate what volume of a round log would be usable timber after processing, in effect attempting to ‘square’ the log and allow for waste. The hoppus ton (HT) was also a traditionally used unit of volume in British forestry. One hoppus ton is equal to 50 hoppus feet or 1.8027 cubic meters. Some shipments of tropical hardwoods, especially shipments of teak from Myanmar (Burma), are still stated in hoppus tons. History The English surveyor Edward Hoppus introduced the unit in his 1736 manual of practical calculations. The tables include reference to stone as well as timber, as stone can similarly suffer wastage during processing into regular pieces. Calcul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Hoppus
Edward Hoppus was an English surveyor who introduced the Hoppus unit of measure. The hoppus measures the solid content and value of any piece of timber, stone, or other building material which is square or round. Hoppus' book, ''Hoppus's Measurer: A Book of Early Wood Frame Construction Tables & Guides for the Mathematically Disinclined'', was first published in 1736 as ''The Hoppus's Measurer, or Measuring Made Easy to the Meanest Capacity''. Publications *Hoppus, E. (1737). The Gentleman's and Builder's Repository: Or, Architecture Display’d. Containing the Most Useful and Requisite Problems in Geometry Geometry (; ) is a branch of mathematics concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. Geometry is, along with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. A mathematician w .... .... The Whole Embellished, ... with Eighty-four Plates, ... The Designs Regulated and Drawn by E. Hoppus, ... and Engrave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Unusual Units Of Measurement
An unusual unit of measurement is a unit of measurement that does not form part of a coherent system of measurement, especially because its exact quantity may not be well known or because it may be an inconvenient multiple or fraction of a base unit. Many of the unusual units of measurements listed here are colloquial measurements, units devised to compare a measurement to common and familiar objects. Length Horizontal pitch Horizontal pitch (HP) is a unit of length defined by the Eurocard printed circuit board standard used to measure the horizontal width of rack-mounted electronic equipment, similar to the rack unit (U) used to measure vertical heights of rack-mounted equipment. One HP is 0.2 inches (″) or wide. Hammer unit Valve's Source game engine uses the ''Hammer unit'' as its base unit of length. This unit refers to Source's official map creation software, Hammer. The exact definition varies from game to game, but a Hammer unit is usually defined as a sixteen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Board Foot
The board foot or board-foot is a unit of measurement for the volume of lumber in the United States and Canada. It equals the volume of a board that is in length, one foot in width, and in thickness, or exactly liters. Board foot can be abbreviated as FBM (for "foot, board measure"), BDFT, or BF. A thousand board feet can be abbreviated as MFBM, MBFT, or MBF. Similarly, a million board feet can be abbreviated as MMFBM, MMBFT, or MMBF. Until the 1970s, in Australia and New Zealand, the terms super foot and superficial foot were used with the same meaning. Description One board foot equals: * 1 ft × 1 ft × 1 in * 12 in × 12 in × 1 in * 12 ft × 1 in × 1 in * 144 cu in * cu ft * ≈ * ≈ * ≈ or steres * Petrograd Standard of board Usage The board foot is used to measure both rough (unprocessed) lumber and planed (surfaced) lumber. Rough lumber is measured before drying and planing, using its full sawn dimensions. Planed lumber, such as standard so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cord (unit)
The cord is a unit of measure of dry volume used to measure firewood and pulpwood in the United States and Canada. A cord is the amount of wood that, when "racked and well stowed" (arranged so pieces are aligned, parallel, touching, and compact), occupies a volume of . This corresponds to a well-stacked woodpile high, wide, and deep; or any other arrangement of linear measurements that yields the same volume. The name ''cord'' probably comes from the use of a cord or string to measure it. The face cord is a unit of volume for stacked firewood, high, wide, and deep—equal to 1/3 of a cord. The symbol for the unit is fc - cd. Definitions In Canada, the cord is legally defined by Measurement Canada. The cord is one of three legal standards for the sale of firewood in Canada: stacked cubic meter (or stere), cubic foot, and cord. In the United States, the cord is defined by statute in most states. The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology Handbook 130, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cubic Ton
The cubic ton is a measure of volume. It is considered obsolete in the United Kingdom and is now used primarily in the United States. Definitions A mass-derived unit of volume is defined by reference to the density of some material. One common such material is water, used in multiple units. For the cubic ton, the situation is more complex—there are different cubic tons for different materials. The 1964 Reader's Digest Great Encyclopaedic Dictionary gave the following ton-derived volumes: * Timber, * Stone, * Salt, * Lime, * Coke, * Wheat, The nearest thing to a standard cubic ton seems to be the "timber" cubic ton () which is used by freight transport operators in the US. Conversions Converting cubic tons (i.e., volumes) to measures of weight presents difficulties because organic materials such as timber vary in density. Approximate volume conversions, based on a timber cubic ton of 40 cubic feet: * 1 ton (40 cubic feet) = 1.133 cubic metres * 1 cubic metre = 0. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Units Of Volume
A unit of volume is a unit of measurement for measuring volume or capacity, the extent of an object or space in three dimension (mathematics), dimensions. Units of capacity may be used to specify the volume of fluids or bulk goods, for example water, rice, sugar, grain or flour. Units According to the International System of Units, SI system, the base unit (measurement), base unit for measuring length is the metre. The SI unit of volume is thus the cubic metre, which is a derived unit, where: at nist.gov. Retrieved 29 June 2022. 1 m3 = 1 m • 1 m • 1 m. Comparison Forestry and timber industry British Commonwealth * Hoppus, cubic foot measure used in the Bri ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cubic Foot
The cubic foot (symbol ft3 or cu ft) , . is an Imperial unit, imperial and US customary (non-metric) unit of volume, used in the United States and the United Kingdom. It is defined as the volume of a with sides of one () in |
Timber
Lumber is wood that has been processed into uniform and useful sizes (dimensional lumber), including beams and planks or boards. Lumber is mainly used for construction framing, as well as finishing (floors, wall panels, window frames). Lumber has many uses beyond home building. Lumber is referred to as timber in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand, while in other parts of the world, including the United States and Canada, the term ''timber'' refers specifically to unprocessed wood fiber, such as cut logs or standing trees that have yet to be cut. Lumber may be supplied either rough- sawn, or surfaced on one or more of its faces. ''Rough lumber'' is the raw material for furniture-making, and manufacture of other items requiring cutting and shaping. It is available in many species, including hardwoods and softwoods, such as white pine and red pine, because of their low cost. ''Finished lumber'' is supplied in standard sizes, mostly for the construction ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, colonies, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, mandates, and other Dependent territory, territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the English overseas possessions, overseas possessions and trading posts established by Kingdom of England, England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, and colonisation attempts by Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland during the 17th century. At its height in the 19th and early 20th centuries, it became the List of largest empires, largest empire in history and, for a century, was the foremost global power. By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered , of the Earth's total land area. As a result, Westminster system, its constitutional, Common law, legal, English language, linguistic, and Culture of the United Kingdom, cultural legacy is widespread. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metric System
The metric system is a system of measurement that standardization, standardizes a set of base units and a nomenclature for describing relatively large and small quantities via decimal-based multiplicative unit prefixes. Though the rules governing the metric system have changed over time, the modern definition, the International System of Units (SI), defines the metric prefixes and seven base units: metre (m), kilogram (kg), second (s), ampere (A), kelvin (K), Mole (unit), mole (mol), and candela (cd). An SI derived unit is a named combination of base units such as hertz (cycles per second), Newton (unit), newton (kg⋅m/s2), and tesla (unit), tesla (1 kg⋅s−2⋅A−1) and in the case of Celsius a shifted scale from Kelvin. Certain units have been Non-SI units mentioned in the SI#Units officially accepted for use with the SI, officially accepted for use with the SI. Some of these are decimalised, like the litre and electronvolt, and are considered "metric". Others, like ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forestry
Forestry is the science and craft of creating, managing, planting, using, conserving and repairing forests and woodlands for associated resources for human and Natural environment, environmental benefits. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural Stand level modelling, stands. The science of forestry has elements that belong to the biological, physical, social, political and managerial sciences. Forest management plays an essential role in the creation and modification of habitats and affects ecosystem services provisioning. Modern forestry generally embraces a broad range of concerns, in what is known as multiple-use management, including: the provision of timber, fuel wood, wildlife habitat, natural Water resources, water quality management, recreation, landscape and community protection, employment, aesthetically appealing landscapes, biodiversity management, watershed management, erosion control, and preserving forests as "Carbon dioxide sink, sinks" for Earth's atmosp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teak
Teak (''Tectona grandis'') is a tropical hardwood tree species in the family Lamiaceae. It is a large, deciduous tree that occurs in mixed hardwood forests. ''Tectona grandis'' has small, fragrant white flowers arranged in dense clusters (panicles) at the end of the branches. These flowers contain both types of reproductive organs ( perfect flowers). The large, papery leaves of teak trees are often hairy on the lower surface. Teak wood has a leather-like smell when it is freshly milled and is particularly valued for its durability and water resistance. The wood is used for boat building, exterior construction, veneer, furniture, carving, turnings, and various small projects. ''Tectona grandis'' is native to south and southeast Asia, mainly Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Sri Lanka, but is naturalised and cultivated in many countries in Africa and the Caribbean. Myanmar's teak forests account for nearly half of the world's naturally occurring teak. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
