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Holden Commodore (VS)
The Holden Commodore (VS) is a full-size car which was produced by Holden from 1995 to 1997 for sedans and wagons, 1995 to 1999 for the long-wheelbase Statesman/Caprice, and 1995 to 2000 for utility versions. It was the fourth and final iteration of the second generation of the Commodore. The range included the luxury variants, Holden Berlina (VS) and Holden Calais (VS). Overview Launched in April 1995, the VS Commodore served as a mechanical update of the second generation architecture, destined to assist sales before the all-new VT model in August 1997. The extent of exterior changes veered not much further than a redesigned Holden logo and wheel trims. An updated Ecotec (Emissions and Consumption Optimisation through TEChnology) version of the Buick V6 engine coincided with the changes to the engine in the United States. The Ecotec engine packed 13 percent more power, an increase of over the VR, cut fuel consumption by 5 percent, and increased the compression ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holden
Holden, formerly known as General Motors-Holden, was an Australian subsidiary company of General Motors. Founded in Adelaide, it was an automobile manufacturer, importer, and exporter that sold cars under its own marque in Australia. It was headquartered in Port Melbourne, with major industrial operations in the states of South Australia and Victoria. The 164-year-old company ceased trading at the end of 2020, having switched to solely importing vehicles in its final three years. Holden's primary products were its own models developed in-house, such as the Holden Commodore, Holden Caprice, and the Holden Ute. However, Holden had also offered badge-engineered models under sharing arrangements with Nissan, Suzuki, Toyota, Isuzu, and then GM subsidiaries Opel, Vauxhall and Chevrolet. The vehicle lineup had included models from GM Korea, GM Thailand, and GM North America. Holden had also distributed GM's German Opel marque in Australia briefly from 2012 to 2013. Holden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Getrag 260 Transmission
Getrag (), stylized as GETRAG, was a major supplier of transmission systems for passenger cars and commercial vehicles. The company was founded on 1 May 1935, in Ludwigsburg, Germany, by Hermann Hagenmeyer; as the ''Getriebe und Zahnradfabrik Hermann Hagenmeyer GmbH & Cie KG''. Headquartered in Untergruppenbach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, Getrag manufactured and developed passenger car transmission products and solutions for the important automotive markets Europe, Asia, and North America with 24 locations and about 12,500 employees worldwide. In 2011, the company had a turnover of three billion euros. The company had three joint ventures: Getrag Ford Transmissions headquartered in Cologne with Ford Motor Company, Getrag (Jiangxi) Transmission Co. Ltd. with Jiangling Motors Corporation., Ltd. and Dongfeng Getrag Transmission with Dongfeng Motor Corporation. In addition, Getrag supplied transmissions to a variety of automotive manufacturers, including BMW (Mini), Daimler AG, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuel Economy In Automobiles
The fuel economy of an automobile relates to the distance traveled by a vehicle and the amount of fuel consumed. Consumption can be expressed in terms of the volume of fuel to travel a distance, or the distance traveled per unit volume of fuel consumed. Since fuel consumption of vehicles is a significant factor in air pollution, and since the importation of motor fuel can be a large part of a nation's foreign trade, many countries impose requirements for fuel economy. Different methods are used to approximate the actual performance of the vehicle. The energy in fuel is required to overcome various losses ( wind resistance, tire drag, and others) encountered while propelling the vehicle, and in providing power to vehicle systems such as ignition or air conditioning. Various strategies can be employed to reduce losses at each of the conversions between the chemical energy in the fuel and the kinetic energy of the vehicle. Driver behavior can affect fuel economy; maneuvers s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecotec
Ecotec (capitalized ECOTEC, from "Emissions Control Optimization TEChnology") is a General Motors (GM) and Opel Automobile GmbH (Opel) trademark that refers to a series of emissions technologies that were implemented throughout a range of GM engines. ECOTEC can refer to the following diesel and petrol engines originally produced by General Motors: * Ecotec Family 0 engine, Family 0 – straight-four DOHC engines produced by Opel, Adam Opel AG and GM Powertrain US. * Ecotec Family 1 engine#Ecotec, Family 1 – straight-four SOHC/DOHC engines produced by Opel, Adam Opel AG, GM Korea, and GM do Brasil. * Ecotec Family II engine#Ecotec, Family II – straight-four SOHC/DOHC engines produced by Opel, Adam Opel AG, Holden, and GM do Brasil. * Ecotec GM Ecotec engine, L850 – straight-four all-aluminium DOHC engines produced by Opel, Adam Opel AG, GM Powertrain US, and Saab Automobile, Saab Automobile Powertrain AB. *Ecotec V6 – a version of the Buick V6 engine#Series II, Series II 3800 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holden Commodore
The Holden Commodore is a series of automobiles that were sold by now-defunct Australian manufacturer Holden from 1978 until 2020. They were manufactured from 1978 to 2017 in Australia and from 1979 to 1990 in New Zealand, with production of the locally manufactured versions in Australia ending on 20 October 2017. The first three generations of Holden produced Commodores (1978–2006) were based on the Opel designed General Motors V platform (RWD), V-body rear-wheel drive automotive platform, which was the basis of GM's largest European models, but were structurally strengthened, mechanically modified, and, in time, enlarged by Holden for Australian road conditions, production needs, and market demands. The styling of these cars was generally similar to that of the Opel Commodore C, and later, the Opel Omega, Opel Omega A/B and their Vauxhall Motors, Vauxhall sister models the Vauxhall Carlton and Omega. The fourth generation Holden Commodore models, the Holden Commodore (VE) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wheelbase
In both road and rail vehicles, the wheelbase is the horizontal distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels. For road vehicles with more than two axles (e.g. some trucks), the wheelbase is the distance between the steering (front) axle and the centerpoint of the driving axle group. In the case of a tri-axle truck, the wheelbase would be the distance between the steering axle and a point midway between the two rear axles. Vehicles The wheelbase of a vehicle equals the distance between its front and rear wheels. At equilibrium, the total torque of the forces acting on a vehicle is zero. Therefore, the wheelbase is related to the force on each pair of tires by the following formula: :F_f = mg :F_r = mg where F_f is the force on the front tires, F_r is the force on the rear tires, L is the wheelbase, d_r is the distance from the center of mass (CM) to the rear wheels, d_f is the distance from the center of mass to the front wheels (d_f + d_r = L), m is the mass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Full-size Car
Full-size car—also known as large car—is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than mid-size cars. It is the largest size class for cars. In the United Kingdom, this class is referred to as the executive car, while in Europe, it is known as E-segment or F-segment. Current definition The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ''Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year'' (dated July 1996) includes definitions for classes of automobiles. Based on the combined passenger and cargo volume, ''large cars'' (full-size cars) are defined as having an ''interior volume index'' of more than for sedan models, or for station wagons. Engines From the introduction of the Ford Flathead V8 in the 1930s until the 1980s, most North American full-size cars were powered by V8 engines. However, V6 engines and straight-six engines have also been available on American full-size cars, especially until the 1950s, and hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lexus GS
The is an executive car ( E-segment in Europe) manufactured and marketed by Lexus across four generations — launched in 1991 as the Toyota Aristo in Japan and as the Lexus GS for markets outside the Japanese market beginning in February 1993. It continued with the Toyota Aristo name for the Japanese market until January 2005. Lexus marketed the GS as a performance sedan competing in the mid-luxury class, between its compact executive IS and large/flagship LS. The GS shared its chassis with one of Toyota's longest-running nameplates, the Toyota Crown premium sedans until 2011. The GS featured six-cylinder engines and rear-wheel drive, with V8 engines offered for all generations. All-wheel drive and hybrid versions debuted in 2005. Previously, all-wheel drive versions were already made available in the Japanese-market S140 series Aristo. The first two generations had a Japanese market equivalent, the Toyota Aristo ('' aristo'' is Greek for "the best"), which was sol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holden Commodore (VX)
The Holden Commodore (VX) is a full-size car that was produced by Holden from 2000 to 2002, and 2000 to 2003 for Statesman/Caprice (WHII) and Holden Ute (VU) models. It was the second iteration of the third generation of the Commodore. Its range included the luxury variants, Holden Berlina (VX) and Holden Calais (VX), and it formed the basis for a new generation Holden Ute (VU) coupé utility and Holden Monaro (V2) coupé. The VX series was produced between October 2000 and September 2002, as a minor restyling update to the VT series from 1997. It introduced greater model differentiation along with gains in crash safety. An intermediate Series II was launched in August 2001, featuring a revised suspension system among other changes. History of development Design Visually, the exterior features a revised headlamp design over the preceding VT among other changes. These include the tail lamp panel now replaced by two separate individual light assemblies. The Berlina and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holden Commodore (VT)
The Holden Commodore (VT) is a full-size car that was produced by Holden from 1997 to 2000. It was the first iteration of the third generation of the Commodore and the last model to be powered by a locally made 5 litre V8 engine along with the VS Series 3 Statesman/Caprice and utility models, finishing production in 1999 and 2000. Its range included the luxury variants, Holden Berlina (VT) and Holden Calais (VT) but not a new generation utility version. Introduced in August 1997, the VT-series represented Holden's largest development yet. On debut, it won the 1997 '' Wheels Car of the Year'' award, resulting in the fourth time that this award was won by a Commodore. It found ready acceptance in the market as many buyers steered away from the more radically designed Ford Falcon (AU), becoming the best selling Commodore and cementing its place as number one in Australian sales at its time. The VT Series II (VT II) was released in June 1999, before being replaced by the restyled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holden Commodore (VR)
The Holden Commodore (VR) is a full-size car which was produced by Holden from 1993 to 1995. It was the third iteration of the second generation of the Holden Commodore. The VR range included the luxury variants, Holden Commodore Berlina (VR) and Holden Calais (VR) and a commercial model, the Holden Ute (VR). Overview Launched in July 1993 and sold until April 1995, the VR series came with an updated, sleeker and more modern design, as well as safety enhancements such as anti-lock brakes (ABS). It launched shortly before the Ford ED Falcon. From the side, the biggest change was the revised daylight opening around the C-pillar and the use of a round rear wheelarch, instead of a squared-off shape used on the previous VN and VP model Commodores. A Series II model launched in September 1994. The VR Acclaim and Calais included a driver's side Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) airbag as standard, which was a first for an Australian car. They also had standard ABS brakes and indepe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opel Omega
The Opel Omega is an executive car engineered and manufactured by German automaker Opel between 1986 and 2003. The first generation, the Omega A (1986–1994), superseded the Opel Rekord. It was voted European Car of the Year for 1987, and was available as a sedan (car), saloon or estate car, estate. The second generation, the Omega B, was manufactured from 1994 to 2003. Badge engineering, Rebadged variants of the Omega were marketed worldwide, including in North America as the Cadillac Catera, in Great Britain as the Vauxhall Omega, and South America as the Chevrolet Omega. As with the Rekord which preceded it, re-engineered versions of the Omega were manufactured in Australia from 1988 as the Holden Commodore (and its derivatives) since 1999. Commodore-based cars were in turn exported to South America as the Chevrolet Omega and to the Middle East as the Chevrolet Lumina. Production of the Omega was discontinued in 2003. It was succeeded by the Opel Signum. __TOC__ Omega A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
