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History Of Azawad
Azawad, or Azawagh (Tuareg: Azawaɣ, or Azawad; ), was a short-lived unrecognised state lasting between 2012 and 2013. Azawagh (''Azawaɣ'') is the generic Tuareg Berber name for all Tuareg Berber areas, especially the northern half of Mali and northern and western Niger. The Azawadi declaration of independence was declared unilaterally by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) in 2012, after a Tuareg rebellion drove the Malian Armed Forces from the region. Azawad, as claimed by the MNLA, comprised the Malian regions of Timbuktu, Kidal, Gao, as well as a part of Mopti Region, encompassing about 60 percent of Mali's total land area. Gao is its largest city and served as the temporary capital, while Timbuktu is the second-largest city, and was intended to be the capital by the independence forces. On 6 April 2012, in a statement posted to its website, the MNLA declared "irrevocably" the independence of Azawad from Mali. In Gao on the same day, Bilal Ag A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Historical Unrecognized States
These lists of historical unrecognized or partially recognized states give an overview of extinct Geopolitics, geopolitical entities that wished to be recognized as sovereign states, but did not enjoy worldwide diplomatic recognition. The entries listed here had ''de facto'' control over significant claimed territory and were self-governing with a desire for full independence or, if they lacked such control over their territory, they were recognized by at least one other recognized nation. Criteria for inclusion The criteria for inclusion in this list are similar to those of the list of states with limited recognition. To be included here, a polity must have claimed Sovereign state, sovereignty, have not been recognized by any widely accepted state for a significant portion of its ''de facto'' existence, and either: * had a population and an organized government with a capacity to enter into relations with other states; or * had ''de facto'' control over a territory or a signif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azawadi Declaration Of Independence
On 6 April 2012, the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (French acronym: MNLA) unilaterally declared Azawad independent from the Republic of Mali in the wake of a rebellion which was preceded by a string of other Tuareg rebellions. It is called the Independent State of Azawad. History Following the return of 5,000 soldiers after the Libyan Civil War in 2011 and the formation of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad, an insurgency commenced on 17 January 2012 with an attack in the Kidal Region, near the border with Algeria. Following the March coup d'état, the rebels made further inroads to capture the three biggest cities of Kidal, Gao and Timbuktu in three days, respectively. At this point, other factions joined the fighting, including the Islamist Ansar Dine and the Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa. Despite reports of Ansar Dine taking control of most of what was initially captured by or with the help of the MNLA, the group estab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ansar Dine
Ansar Dine ( ''ʾAnṣār ad-Dīn'', also transliterated ''Ançar Deen''), meaning " helpers of the religion" (Islam) (Defenders of the Faith) and also known as Ansar al-Din (abbreviated as AAD), was a Salafi jihadist group led by Iyad Ag Ghaly. Ansar Dine sought to impose absolute sharia across Mali. The group took over the city of Timbuktu in 2012, which prompted the French-led intervention, Operation Serval. The organization is not to be confused with the Sufi movement ''Ançar Dine'', founded in Southern Mali in the 1990s by Chérif Ousmane Madani Haïdara, which is fundamentally opposed to militant Islamism. Ansar Dine was opposed to Sufi shrines, and it had destroyed a number of such shrines. Ansar Dine was active from March 2012 until March 2017, when it merged with other militant Islamist groups to form Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin. Organization Membership Ansar Dine had its main base among the Ifora tribe from the southern part of the Tuaregs' homeland. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movement For The Salvation Of Azawad
The Movement for the Salvation of Azawad (; Abbreviation, abbreviated MSA) is a Tuareg people, Tuareg political movement and armed group in Azawad, Mali. It was founded on 2 September 2016 by Moussa Ag Acharatoumane. History The MSA was founded on 2 September 2016 in Tin-Fadimata, north of Ménaka, by former members of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA). With France, French support, a joint-operation was conducted by the MSA and the Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies (or GATIA) on 23 February 2018 to capture or kill Malian Islamic State, ISIL commander Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi, Abu Walid al-Sahrawi. Six ISIL militants were killed in the ensuing Battle of In-Delimane, clashes, but Al-Sahrawi survived and evaded capture. MSA and GATIA troops Battle of Tabarde, battled ISIL militants from 2 to 5 June 2018. ISIL commander Almahmoud Ag Akawkaw was captured, while Amat Ag Assalate was killed during the battle. In July 2019 MSA joined Platform (M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moussa Ag Acharatoumane
Moussa Ag Acharatoumane is an Azawadi politician, who serves as a Spokesperson for the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) and was based in Paris, France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ... as recently as 22 March 2012. He is a founding leader of the MNLA. References Malian Berbers Tuareg people Living people Members of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad Year of birth missing (living people) People of the Mali War {{Mali-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic Community Of West African States
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS; also known as CEDEAO in French and Portuguese) is a regional political and economic union of twelve countries of West Africa. Collectively, the present and former members comprise an area of and have an estimated population of over 424.34 million. Considered one of the pillar regional blocs of the continent-wide African Economic Community (AEC), the stated goal of ECOWAS is to achieve "collective self-sufficiency" for its member states by creating a single large trade bloc by building a full economic and trading union. Additionally, ECOWAS aims to raise living standards and promote economic development. The union was established on 28 May 1975, with the signing of the Treaty of Lagos, with its stated mission to promote economic integration across the region. A revised version of the treaty was agreed and signed on 24 July 1993 in Cotonou, the largest city in Benin. ECOWAS's published principles include equality and int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahara
The Sahara (, ) is a desert spanning across North Africa. With an area of , it is the largest hot desert in the world and the list of deserts by area, third-largest desert overall, smaller only than the deserts of Antarctica and the northern Arctic. The name "Sahara" is derived from , a broken plural form of ( ), meaning "desert". The desert covers much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile, Nile Valley in Egypt and the Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands, semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan (region), Sudan region of sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mopti Region
Mopti (Fula language, Fulfulde: 𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤃𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤼𞤭𞥅, transliterated ''Diiwal Moobti'') is the fifth administrative region of Mali, covering 79,017 km2. Its capital is the city of Mopti. During the Mali War, 2012 Northern Mali conflict, the frontier between Southern Mali which is controlled by the central government and the rebel-held North ran through Mopti Region. Geography Mopti Region is bordered by Tombouctou Region to the north, Ségou Region to the southwest, and Burkina Faso to the southeast. The population in the 2009 census was 2,037,330. The region contains a number of ethnic groups including Fula people, Fulani, Malinke people, Malinke, and Bambara people, Bambara. The Niger River crosses the region, and is joined by the Bani River, Bani, an important tributary, at the city of Mopti. The region is separated into several areas: the Inland Niger Delta around Mopti, the Bandiagara cliffs and the plain of Bankass along the Burkin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gao Region
Gao ( Bambara: ߜߊߏ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ tr. Gao Dineja) is a region in northeastern Mali. The capital city is Gao. Geography The region is bordered to the north by Kidal Region, to the west by Tombouctou Region and Taoudénit Region, to the east by the Ménaka Region, and most of the south by Niger ( Tahoua Region and Tillabéri Region), sharing a portion of the southern border with Burkina Faso ( Sahel Region). Demographics Common ethnicities in the Gao Region include the Songhai, Bozo, Tuareg, Bambara, and Kounta. The towns include Gao, Bourem, and Bamba. The Gao Region is part of Mali, the northern part that was separated and declared independent by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) during the Tuareg rebellion of 2012. After the 1st Battle of Gao, the MNLA lost control to Islamist militias. Several other battles took place during the war, particularly in Gao. Administrative subdivisions For administrative purposes, the Gao Region is divided in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kidal Region
Kidal Region ( Bambara: ߞߌߘߊߟ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ tr. Kidal Dineja) the eighth administrative region of Mali, covering . This area was formerly part of Gao Region, but was created as a separate region in 1991. It is located in the north of the country, within the territory which the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad proclaimed to be the independent nation-state of Azawad on 6 April 2012. This independence has not been recognized by any country or international organization. It was under the control of different armed movements such as the Ansar Dine and MNLA until January 2013, when French forces liberated the region. The Region's administrative capital is the town of Kidal. Geography The region is bordered on the west by Taoudénit Region, to the south by Gao Region and Ménaka Region, to the east by Niger and to the north by Algeria. Kidal has a desert climate with day-time temperatures that reach as high as 45 °C (113 °F). In 2009 the region had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tombouctou Region
Tombouctou Region or Timbuktu Region ( Bambara: ߕߎߡߎߕߎ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ, Tumutu Dineja) is one of the administrative regions of Mali. For administrative purposes, the region is subdivided into five cercles. The region is part of northern Mali that was separated and declared independent by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) during the Tuareg rebellion of 2012. In the course of the conflict, the MNLA lost control of the territory to Islamist militias. Tombouctou Region is world-famous for its capital, the ancient city Timbuktu (), synonymous to 19th-century Europeans with an elusive, hard-to-reach destination. The city gained fame in 1390 when its ruler, Mansa Musa I, went on a pilgrimage to Mecca, stopping with his entourage in Egypt and dispensing enough gold to devalue the Egyptian currency. This started the legend of a city in the interior of Africa, where roads were said to be paved with gold and buildings topped with roofs of gold. History The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regions Of Mali
Since 2016, Mali has been divided into ten regions and one district, capital district. A reorganization of the country from eight to nineteen regions was passed into law in 2012, but of the new regions, only Taoudénit Region, Taoudénit (partitioned from Tombouctou Region) and Ménaka Region, Ménaka (formerly Ménaka Cercle in Gao Region) have begun to be implemented. Each of the regions bears the name of its capital. The regions are divided into 56 Cercles of Mali, cercles. The cercles and the capital district are divided into 703 Communes of Mali, communes. In 2023, Mali has added nine new regions to its administrative structure, bringing the total to 19 regions plus the district of Bamako. This reorganization aims to improve governance and bring public services closer to local populations. This initiative continues the decentralization efforts that began with the creation of the Taoudénit and Ménaka regions in 2016. The nineteen regions in turn are subdivided into 159 Cerc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
