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Hexabromoethane
Hexabromoethane (HBE, perbromoethane) is a perbromocarbon with the chemical formula . Its structure is . It is a yellowish white crystalline solid. It decomposes to tetrabromoethylene upon heating. Like many other halocarbons, HBE decomposes when exposed to radiation.Iyer, RM; Willard, JE, (1967) ''Production and Annealing of Br2 in the Radiolysis of Polycrystalline C2Br6: An In Situ Determination'', The Journal of Chemical Physics. 46 (9): 3501–3506. See also * Hexafluoroethane * Hexachloroethane * Bromoethane Bromoethane, also known as ethyl bromide, is a chemical compound of the haloalkanes group. It is abbreviated by chemists as EtBr (which is also used as an abbreviation for ethidium bromide). This volatile compound has an ether-like odor. Prepara ... * Pentabromoethane References Bromoalkanes {{chem-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dibromoacetylene
Dibromoacetylene is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is a molecular chemical compound containing acetylene, with its hydrogen substituted by bromine. Its molecule is linear, with the structure . Production Dibromoacetylene can be made by reacting 1,1,2-tribromoethylene with potassium hydroxide. This method has a danger of causing explosions. Another way is to react acetylene with phenyl lithium (at −50 °C) to make lithium acetylide, which then reacts with bromine to yield the product. Yet another way is to react acetylene with sodium hypobromite NaOBr. Properties Dibromoacetylene is explosive and sensitive to air. Its appearance is a clear water like liquid. It has a sweetish smell, but makes a white fume in air that then smells like ozone, possibly because it forms ozone. Dibromoacetylene is lachrymatory. Dibromoacetylene can be polymerised to polydibromoacetylene using catalysts like titanium tetrachloride and triethylaluminium. Polydibromoacetylen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrabromoethylene
Tetrabromoethylene is an organobromine compound with the chemical formula . Its structure is . Under standard conditions, it exists in a form of colorless crystals. It is a brominated derivative of ethylene. Tetrabromoethylene is a potential fungicide and bactericide on fruits. It was used in mineral separation. It is an irritant.https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethene_-1_1_2_2-tetrabromo It is prepared from acetylene and bromine in multiple steps. One method involves dehydrobromination of pentabromoethane, other method involves bromination of dibromoethylene in chloroform.Miller, S. A. (1965). Acetylene: Its Properties, Manufacture, and Uses. UK Academic Press. Reaction of mercuric acetylide and bromine also gives tetrabromoethylene. It can be produced by oxybrominating butane with free oxygen and bromine. Tetrabromoethylene gives tribromoacetyl bromide upon treatment with fuming nitric acid.Perekalin, V. V. (1964). Unsaturated Nitro Compounds. See also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexafluoroethane
Hexafluoroethane is an organofluorine compound with the chemical formula . It is a non-flammable colorless odorless gas negligibly soluble in water and slightly soluble in methanol. Its structure is . It is an extremely potent and long-lived greenhouse gas. It is the perfluorocarbon counterpart to the hydrocarbon ethane. Physical properties Hexafluoroethane's Phase (matter), solid phase has two Polymorphism (materials science), polymorphs. In the scientific literature, different phase transition temperatures have been stated. The latest works assign it at 103 K (−170 °C). Below 103 K it has a slightly disordered structure, and over the transition point, it has a Cubic crystal system, body centered cubic structure. The critical point is at 19.89 °C (293.04 K) and 30.39 Bar (unit), bar. Table of densities: Vapor density is 4.823 (air = 1), Relative density, specific gravity at 21 °C is 4.773 (air = 1) and specific volume at 21 °C is 0.1748 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloroethane (perchloroethane) is an organochlorine compound with the chemical formula . Its structure is . It is a white or colorless solid at room temperature with a camphor-like odor. It has been used by the military in smoke compositions, such as base-eject smoke munitions ( smoke grenades). Hexachloroethane was discovered along with carbon tetrachloride by Michael Faraday in 1820. Faraday obtained it by chlorinating ethylene. Manufacture Chlorination of tetrachloroethylene at 100–140 °C with the presence of iron(III) chloride is the most commonly used commercial production method, however several other methods exist. A high purity form can be produced in a small scale by reacting chlorine together with barium carbide. In September 1997, it was reported as no longer being produced in the United States for commercial distribution, but was produced as a by-product of industrial chlorination process. : Applications Hexachloroethane has been used in the formulation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrabromoethylene
Tetrabromoethylene is an organobromine compound with the chemical formula . Its structure is . Under standard conditions, it exists in a form of colorless crystals. It is a brominated derivative of ethylene. Tetrabromoethylene is a potential fungicide and bactericide on fruits. It was used in mineral separation. It is an irritant.https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethene_-1_1_2_2-tetrabromo It is prepared from acetylene and bromine in multiple steps. One method involves dehydrobromination of pentabromoethane, other method involves bromination of dibromoethylene in chloroform.Miller, S. A. (1965). Acetylene: Its Properties, Manufacture, and Uses. UK Academic Press. Reaction of mercuric acetylide and bromine also gives tetrabromoethylene. It can be produced by oxybrominating butane with free oxygen and bromine. Tetrabromoethylene gives tribromoacetyl bromide upon treatment with fuming nitric acid.Perekalin, V. V. (1964). Unsaturated Nitro Compounds. See also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbon Tetrabromide
Carbon tetrabromide, CBr4, also known as tetrabromomethane, is a bromide of carbon Carbon () is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalence, tetravalent—meaning that its atoms are able to form up to four covalent bonds due to its valence shell exhibiting 4 .... Both names are acceptable under IUPAC nomenclature. Production CBr4 can be obtained by the bromination of methane. The byproducts include other brominated methanes ( methyl bromide, dibromomethane and bromoform) and hydrogen bromide. This process is analogous to the chlorination of methane: :Br2 + ''hν'' → 2 Br·; : Br· + CH4 → ·CH3 + HBr. : ·CH3 + Br2 → CH3Br + Br·. : CH3Br + Br· → ·CH2Br + HBr, : ·CH2Br + Br2 → CH2Br2 + Br·, : CH2Br2 + Br· → ·CHBr2 + HBr, : ·CHBr2 + Br2 → CHBr3 + Br·, :CHBr3 + Br· → ·CBr3 + HBr, : ·CBr3 + Br2 → CBr4 + Br· Halogen exchange of carbon tetrachloride with aluminium bromid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethane
Ethane ( , ) is a naturally occurring Organic compound, organic chemical compound with chemical formula . At standard temperature and pressure, ethane is a colorless, odorless gas. Like many hydrocarbons, ethane is List of purification methods in chemistry, isolated on an industrial scale from natural gas and as a petrochemical by-product of oil refinery, petroleum refining. Its chief use is as feedstock for ethylene production. The ethyl group is formally, although rarely practically, derived from ethane. History Ethane was first synthesised in 1834 by Michael Faraday, applying electrolysis of a potassium acetate solution. He mistook the hydrocarbon product of this reaction for methane and did not investigate it further. The process is now called Kolbe electrolysis: : acetate, CH3COO− → CH3• + carbon dioxide, CO2 + electron, e− : CH3• + •CH3 → C2H6 During the period 1847–1849, in an effort to vindicate the radical theory of organic chemistry, Hermann Kolbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organobromine
Organobromine chemistry is the study of the synthesis and properties of organobromine compounds, also called organobromides, which are organic compounds that contain carbon bonded to bromine. The most pervasive is the naturally produced bromomethane. One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine. A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact. General properties Most organobromine compounds, like most organohalide compounds, are relatively nonpolar. Bromine is more electronegative than carbon (2.9 vs 2.5). Consequently, the carbon in a carbon–bromine bond is electrophilic, i.e. alkyl bromides are alkylating agents. Carbon–halogen bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halocarbon
Halocarbon compounds are chemical compounds in which one or more carbon atoms are linked by covalent bonds with one or more halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine – ) resulting in the formation of organofluorine compounds, organochlorine compounds, organobromine compounds, and organoiodine compounds. Chlorine halocarbons are the most common and are called organochlorides. Many synthetic organic compounds such as plastic polymers, and a few natural ones, contain halogen atoms; they are known as ''halogenated'' compounds or ''organohalogens''. Organochlorides are the most common industrially used organohalides, although the other organohalides are used commonly in organic synthesis. Except for extremely rare cases, organohalides are not produced biologically, but many pharmaceuticals are organohalides. Notably, many pharmaceuticals such as Prozac have trifluoromethyl groups. For information on inorganic halide chemistry, see halide. Chemical families H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bromoethane
Bromoethane, also known as ethyl bromide, is a chemical compound of the haloalkanes group. It is abbreviated by chemists as EtBr (which is also used as an abbreviation for ethidium bromide). This volatile compound has an ether-like odor. Preparation The preparation of EtBr stands as a model for the synthesis of bromoalkanes in general. It is usually prepared by the addition of hydrogen bromide to ethene: :H2C=CH2 + HBr → H3C-CH2Br Bromoethane is inexpensive and would rarely be prepared in the laboratory. A laboratory synthesis includes reacting ethanol with a mixture of hydrobromic and sulfuric acids. An alternate route involves refluxing ethanol with phosphorus and bromine; phosphorus tribromide is generated ''in situ''. Uses In organic synthesis, EtBr is the synthetic equivalent of the ethyl carbocation (Et+) synthon. In reality, such a cation is not actually formed. For example, carboxylates salts are converted to ethyl esters, carbanions to ethylated derivatives, thioure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
