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Henri Joseph Fenet
Henri Joseph Fenet (11 July 1919 – 14 September 2002) was a French collaborator who served in the Milice française before joining the Waffen-SS during World War II. As the surviving battalion commander of SS Charlemagne, Fenet was part of the last defenders in the area of the Reich Chancellery and Hitler's ''Führerbunker'' in April-May 1945. After the war, he was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment with hard labour in 1949. He was released in 1959 and died on 14 September 2002. French service Henri Joseph Fenet was born on 11 July 1919 in France. Prior to World War II he studied literature at the University of Paris. At the outbreak of war he volunteered for the French Army and was commissioned as an officer with the rank of lieutenant. He was wounded twice and decorated with the Croix de Guerre. Following the capitulation of France he chose to stay and join the Armistice Army of Vichy France serving in a colonial regiment in Mauritania until October 1942. On his return Fen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceyzériat
Ceyzériat () is a commune in the Ain department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France. Ceyzériat station has rail connections to Bourg-en-Bresse and Oyonnax. History Hippolyte Paul Jayr, twice minister during the July monarchy, was mayor of the commune at the end of the 19th century. The French archaeologist and assyriologist Maurice Pézard (1876–1923) died in this commune. Geography Climate Ceyzériat has a oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification ''Cfb''). The average annual temperature in Ceyzériat is . The average annual rainfall is with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Ceyzériat was on 4 August 2022; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 20 December 2009. Politics and administration Population See also *Communes of the Ain department The following is a list of the 393 communes of the Ain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Prussia
The Province of West Prussia (german: Provinz Westpreußen; csb, Zôpadné Prësë; pl, Prusy Zachodnie) was a province of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and 1878 to 1920. West Prussia was established as a province of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1773, formed from Royal Prussia of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth annexed in the First Partition of Poland. West Prussia was dissolved in 1829 and merged with East Prussia to form the Province of Prussia, but was re-established in 1878 when the merger was reversed and became part of the German Empire. From 1918, West Prussia was a province of the Free State of Prussia within Weimar Germany, losing most of its territory to the Second Polish Republic and the Free City of Danzig in the Treaty of Versailles. West Prussia was dissolved in 1920, and its remaining western territory was merged with Posen to form Posen-West Prussia, and its eastern territory merged with East Prussia as the Region of West Prussia district. West Prussia's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade France
The French SS Volunteer Assault Brigade (german: Französische S.S. Freiwilligen Sturmbrigade), most commonly known as the Brigade Frankreich () was a unit of the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany during World War II. It was formed in 1943 after a change in the admission standards of the Waffen-SS allowed Frenchmen to enlist for the first time. After training in Alsace, the brigade served on the Eastern Front before merging with the Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism to form the SS Division Charlemagne. Formation The Assault Brigade was formed in July 1943 as the , it was established following a decree enabling Frenchmen to enlist in the Waffen-SS, and a subsequent recruiting drive took place in the '' zone libre'' occupied in November 1942. Sixteen recruiting stations were set up and attracted around 3,000 applicants from German-occupied France, many of whom were university students or existing members of the collaborationist paramilitary Milice. Recruit had to be " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obersturmführer
__NOTOC__ (, ; short: ''Ostuf'') was a Nazi Germany paramilitary rank that was used in several Nazi organisations, such as the SA, SS, NSKK and the NSFK. The rank of ''Obersturmführer'' was first created in 1932 as the result of an expansion of the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA) and the need for an additional rank in the officer corps. ''Obersturmführer'' also became an SS rank at that same time. An SA-''Obersturmführer'' was typically a junior company commander in charge of fifty to a hundred men. Within the SS, the rank of ''Obersturmführer'' carried a wider range of occupations including staff aide, Gestapo officer, concentration camp supervisor, and Waffen-SS platoon commander. Within both the SS and SA, the rank of ''Obersturmführer'' was considered the equivalent of an '' Oberleutnant'' in the German ''Wehrmacht''. The insignia for ''Obersturmführer'' was three silver pips and a silver stripe centered on a uniform collar patch. The rank was senior to an '' Unterstur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS-Junkerschule Bad Tölz
SS-Junker Schools (German ''SS-Junkerschulen'') were leadership training facilities for officer candidates of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS). The term ''Junkerschulen'' was introduced by Nazi Germany in 1937, although the first facilities were established at Bad Tölz and Braunschweig in 1934 and 1935. Additional schools were founded at Klagenfurt and Posen-Treskau in 1943, and Prague in 1944. Unlike the Wehrmacht's "war schools", admission to the SS-Junker Schools did not require a secondary diploma. Training at these schools provided the groundwork for employment with the ''Sicherheitspolizei'' (SiPo; security police), the ''Sicherheitsdienst'' (SD; security service), and later for the Waffen-SS. Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, intended for these schools to mold cadets for future service in the officer ranks of the SS. History As part of an effort to professionalize their officers, the SS founded a leadership school in 1934; the first one was at the Bavarian town of Bad Tölz, est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Marion (politician)
Paul Jules André Marion (27 June 1899, Asnières-sur-Seine – 2 March 1954) was a French Communist and subsequently far right journalist and political activist. He served as the French Minister of Information from 1941 to 1944. Early years Marion joined the French Communist Party in 1922 and wrote for ''L'Humanité'' as well as being elected to the party's central committee in 1926. After a spell in Moscow working for Comintern he left the Communist Party to join the more moderate Socialist Republican Union, which counted Marcel Déat amongst its membership, in 1929. He switched his allegiance to the Parti Populaire Français (PPF) in 1936. Despite his political origins Marion was quoted as saying that the PPF would ally itself with the Devil and his grandmother in order to defeat communism. In 1938 he published the Programme of the PPF, a document that defended capitalism as well as endorsing corporatism. Marion was widely associated with the more moderate tendency within the P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mauritania
Mauritania (; ar, موريتانيا, ', french: Mauritanie; Berber languages, Berber: ''Agawej'' or ''Cengit''; Pulaar language, Pulaar: ''Moritani''; Wolof language, Wolof: ''Gànnaar''; Soninke language, Soninke:), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania ( ar, الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية), is a sovereign country in West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara to Mauritania–Western Sahara border, the north and northwest, Algeria to Algeria–Mauritania border, the northeast, Mali to Mali–Mauritania border, the east and southeast, and Senegal to Mauritania–Senegal border, the southwest. Mauritania is the 11th-largest country in Africa and the 28th-largest in the world, and 90% of its territory is situated in the Sahara. Most of its population of 4.4 million lives in the temperate south of the country, with roughly one-third concentrated in the Capital city, capital and largest city, Nouakchott, loca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armistice Army
The Armistice Army or Vichy French Army (french: Armée de l'Armistice) was the common name for the armed forces of Vichy France permitted under the Armistice of 22 June 1940 after the French capitulation to Nazi Germany and Italy. It was officially disbanded in 1942 after the German invasion of the " Free Zone" (''Zone libre'') which was directly ruled by the Vichy regime. At the beginning of 1942, the numbers of the Armistice Army reached 550,000 men, including 21,000 officers. History Article IV of the Armistice of 22 June 1940 allowed for a small French army — the Army of the Armistice (''Armée de l'Armistice'') — stationed in the Zone libre (Unoccupied France), and the French colonial empire overseas.. It was headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain, hero of World War I. The function of these forces was to keep internal order and to defend French territories from Allied assault. The French forces were to remain under the overall direction of the German armed forces. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Paris
The University of Paris (french: link=no, Université de Paris), Metonymy, metonymically known as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, active from 1150 to 1970, with the exception between 1793 and 1806 under the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated with the cathedral school of Notre Dame de Paris, it was considered the List of medieval universities, second-oldest university in Europe.Charles Homer Haskins, Haskins, C. H.: ''The Rise of Universities'', Henry Holt and Company, 1923, p. 292. Officially chartered in 1200 by King Philip II of France and recognised in 1215 by Pope Innocent III, it was later often nicknamed after its theological College of Sorbonne, in turn founded by Robert de Sorbon and chartered by List of French monarchs, French King Louis IX, Saint Louis around 1257. Internationally highly reputed for its academic performance in the humanities ever since the Middle Ages – notably in theology and philosophy – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Führerbunker
The ''Führerbunker'' () was an air raid shelter located near the Reich Chancellery in Berlin, Germany. It was part of a subterranean bunker complex constructed in two phases in 1936 and 1944. It was the last of the Führer Headquarters (''Führerhauptquartiere'') used by Adolf Hitler during World War II. Hitler took up residence in the ''Führerbunker'' on 16 January 1945, and it became the centre of the Nazi regime until the last week of World War II in Europe. Hitler married Eva Braun there on 29 April 1945, less than 40 hours before they committed suicide. After the war, both the old and new Chancellery buildings were levelled by the Soviets. The underground complex remained largely undisturbed until 1988–89, despite some attempts at demolition. The excavated sections of the old bunker complex were mostly destroyed during reconstruction of that area of Berlin. The site remained unmarked until 2006, when a small plaque was installed with a schematic diagram. Som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
