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Haplogroup CF (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup CF, also known as CF-P143 and CT(xDE), is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. CF is defined by the SNP P143, and its existence and distribution are inferred from the fact that haplogroups descended from CF include most human male lineages in Eurasia, Oceania, and The Americas. CF descends from CT (CT-M168), and is the sibling of DE. CF has two basal branches, Haplogroup C and Haplogroup F. Distribution File:Haplogroup C (Y-DNA) migration.png, Migration of Haplogroup C. File:Haplogroup_F_(Y-DNA).PNG , The geographical development and distribution of Haplogroup F. There are, as yet, no confirmed cases of living individuals or human remains belonging to the basal, undivergent haplogroup CF*. In the year 2017, C-M217 (C2) & C-M130 were reported among males belonging to the Shan people The Shan people (, , or , ), also known as the Tai Long (တႆးလူင်, ) or Tai Yai, are a Tai ethnic group of Southeast Asia. The Shan are the biggest minority of Bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surface area.Sayre, April Pulley (1999), ''Africa'', Twenty-First Century Books. . With nearly billion people as of , it accounts for about of the world's human population. Demographics of Africa, Africa's population is the youngest among all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Based on 2024 projections, Africa's population will exceed 3.8 billion people by 2100. Africa is the least wealthy inhabited continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, ahead of Oceania. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including Geography of Africa, geography, Climate of Africa, climate, corruption, Scramble for Africa, colonialism, the Cold War, and neocolonialism. Despite this lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haplotype
A haplotype (haploid genotype) is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent. Many organisms contain genetic material (DNA) which is inherited from two parents. Normally these organisms have their DNA organized in two sets of pairwise similar chromosomes. The offspring gets one chromosome in each pair from each parent. A set of pairs of chromosomes is called diploid and a set of only one half of each pair is called haploid. The haploid genotype (haplotype) is a genotype that considers the singular chromosomes rather than the pairs of chromosomes. It can be all the chromosomes from one of the parents or a minor part of a chromosome, for example a sequence of 9000 base pairs or a small set of alleles. Specific contiguous parts of the chromosome are likely to be inherited together and not be split by chromosomal crossover, a phenomenon called genetic linkage. As a result, identifying these statistical associations and a few alleles of a specif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haplogroup C-M217 (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup C-M217, also known as C2 (and previously as C3), is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is the most frequently occurring branch of the wider Haplogroup C (M130). It is found mostly in Central Asia, Eastern Siberia and significant frequencies in parts of East Asia and Southeast Asia including some populations in the Caucasus, Middle East, South Asia, East Europe. It is found in a much more widespread area with a low frequency of less than 2%. The haplogroup C-M217 is now found at high frequencies among Central Asian peoples, indigenous Siberians, and some Native peoples of North America. In particular, males belonging to peoples such as the Buryats, Evens, Evenks, Itelmens, Tom Tatars,https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2212/0?locale=en_US The structure of the gene pool of Tomsk Tatars according to Y-chromosome markers Kalmyks, Kazakhs, Koryaks, Mongolians, Negidals, Nivkhs, Udege, and Ulchi have high levels of M217. The oldest samples of hapl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haplogroup C-M216 (Y-DNA)
A haplotype is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent, and a haplogroup (haploid from the , ''haploûs'', "onefold, simple" and ) is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation. More specifically, a haplotype is a combination of alleles at different chromosomal regions that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together. As a haplogroup consists of similar haplotypes, it is usually possible to predict a haplogroup from haplotypes. Haplogroups pertain to a single line of descent. As such, membership of a haplogroup, by any individual, relies on a relatively small proportion of the genetic material possessed by that individual. Each haplogroup originates from, and remains part of, a preceding single haplogroup (or paragroup). As such, any related group of haplogroups may be precisely modelled as a nested hierarchy, in which each set (haplogroup) is also a subset of a si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haplogroup C-M130 (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup C is a major Y-chromosome haplogroup, defined by UEPs M130/RPS4Y711, P184, P255, and P260, which are all SNP mutations. It is one of two primary branches of Haplogroup CF alongside Haplogroup F. Haplogroup C is found in ancient populations on every continent except Africa and is the predominant Y-DNA haplogroup among males belonging to many peoples indigenous to East Asia, Central Asia, Siberia, North America and Australia as well as a some populations in Europe, the Levant, and later Japan.崎谷満『DNA・考古・言語の学際研究が示す新・日本列島史』（勉誠出版 2009年）(in Japanese) The haplogroup is also found with moderate to low frequency among many present-day populations of Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Southwest Asia. In addition to the basal paragroup C*, this haplogroup now has two major branches: C1 (F3393/Z1426; previously CxC3, i.e. old C1, old C2, old C4, old C5 and old C6) and C2 (M217; the former C3). Origins Hap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Y-DNA Haplogroups In Populations Of Oceania ...
Listed here are notable ethnic groups and native populations from the Oceania (Pacific Islands and Australia) and East Indonesia by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. See also *Oceania **Languages of Oceania ** Demographics of Oceania ** List of Oceanian countries by population Notes References External linksY-DNA Ethnographic and Genographic Atlas and Open-Source Data Compilation {{Y-chromosome haplogroups by population Oceania Oceania ( , ) is a region, geographical region including Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Outside of the English-speaking world, Oceania is generally considered a continent, while Mainland Australia is regarded as its co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Y-DNA Haplogroups In Populations Of East And Southeast Asia
The tables below provide statistics on the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups most commonly found among ethnolinguistic groups and populations from East and South-East Asia. ST means Sino-Tibetan languages. Main table Austronesian and Tai-Kadai The following is a table of Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup frequencies of Austro-Tai peoples (i.e., Tai-Kadai peoples and Austronesian peoples).Li, Hui, et al. (2008).Paternal genetic affinity between western Austronesians and Daic populations" ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 2008, 8:146. Tibeto-Burman branch of Sino-Tibetan The following table of Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup frequencies of Tibeto-Burman-speaking peoples of western and southwestern China is from Wen, et al. (2004). See also * Y-DNA haplogroups by group ** Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia ** Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Central and North Asia ** Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania ** Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Y-DNA Haplogroups By Ethnic Group
The various ethnolinguistic groups found in the Caucasus, Central Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and/or South Asia demonstrate differing rates of particular Y-DNA haplogroups. In the table below, the first two columns identify ethnolinguistic groups. Subsequent columns represent the sample size (''n'') of the study or studies cited, and the percentage of each haplogroup found in that particular sample. (Data from studies conducted before 2004 may be inaccurate or a broad estimate, due to obsolete haplogroup naming systems – e.g. the former ''Haplogroup 2'' included members of the relatively unrelated haplogroups known later as Haplogroup G and macrohaplogroup IJ hich comprises haplogroups I and J) See also * Genetics ** Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups ** Human genome ** Genetic genealogy ** Genealogical DNA testing ** Race and genetics * Genetic history * Timeline of human evolution ** Recent African origin of modern humans ** Genetic history o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Y-chromosome Haplogroups In Populations Of The World
The following articles are lists of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups found in populations around the world. *Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group *Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe *Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus *Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East *Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa *Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa *Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia *Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia *Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Central and North Asia *Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania *Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas *List of haplogroups of historic people See also *Recent African origin of modern humans *Genetic history of the Middle East *Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia *Genetic history of Europe *Genetic history of Italy *Genetic history of North Africa *Genetic history of Indigenous peoples of the Americas *Genetic histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subclade
In genetics, a subclade is a subgroup of a haplogroup. Naming convention Although human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups and subclades are named in a similar manner, their names belong to completely separate systems. mtDNA mtDNA haplogroups are defined by the presence of a series of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the hypervariable regions and the coding region of mitochondrial DNA. They are named with the capital letters A through Z, with further subclades named using numbers and lower case letters. Y-DNA Y-DNA haplogroups are defined by the presence of a series of SNP markers on the Y chromosome. Subclades are defined by a ''terminal SNP'', the SNP furthest down in the Y chromosome phylogenetic tree. Human Y-DNA The Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) developed a system of naming major human Y-DNA haplogroups with the capital letters A through T, with further subclades named using numbers and lower case letters (YCC longhand nom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
