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Gungnyeo
Gungnyeo (literally "palace women")Han, Hee-sook, pp. 141–146 is a Korean term referring to women waiting on the king and other royalty in traditional Korean society. It is short for "gungjung yeogwan", which translates as "a lady officer of the royal court". ''Gungnyeo'' includes ''sanggung'' (palace matron) and ''nain'' (assistant court ladies), both of which hold rank as officers. The term is also used more broadly to encompass women in a lower class without a rank such as '' musuri'' (lowest maids in charge of odd chores), ''gaksimi'', ''sonnim'', ''uinyeo'' (female physicians) as well as ''nain'' and ''sanggung''. The term spans those from courtiers to domestic workers. Establishment Although the first record of ''gungnyeo'' appears in ''Goryeosa'', a compilation on the history of Goryeo, a provision was first made in 1392 by King Taejo per Jo Jun (趙浚) and other officers' suggestions after the establishment of the Joseon Dynasty. In 1428 Sejong the Great set up a d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanggung
was an official title of the senior 5th rank (; ), the highest attainable for '' gungnyeo'', a lady-in-waiting during the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. Female officers with the title were assigned to govern the inner affairs of the palace. When a regular ''nain'' served for more than 15 years, she would be awarded with an ornamental hairpin for a . Therefore, a newly appointed was usually 35–45 years old. A court lady at the rank of was treated well enough to live in her own house with servants. The title first appears in Goryeosa ('History of Goryeo'), a compiled book about the Goryeo period. In the chapter of the book titled (), regarding all official titles, there were posts named (, managing the palace), (, managing bedding), ( managing food), and another (, managing sewing) during the reign of King Hyeonjong. The book also has another record that Lady Han was appointed as in March 1031, the 22nd year of the king's reign. These records prove that the system had existed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jungin
The ''jungin'' or ''chungin'' () were the upper middle class of the Joseon Dynasty in medieval and early modern Korean society. The name "jungin" directly means "middle people". This privileged class of commoners consisted of a small group of petty bureaucrats and other highly educated skilled workers whose technical and administrative skills enabled the ''yangban'' and the royal family to rule the lower classes. ''Jungin'' were the lifeblood of the Korean Confucian agrarian bureaucracy, for whom the upper classes depended on to maintain their vice-like hold on the people. Their traditions and habits are the forerunners of the modern Korean administrative systems in both North and South Korea. Professions and roles in the society In dynastic Korea, particularly during the Joseon period, the ''jungin'' were lower than the ''yangban'' aristocracy but above the lower middle and working class commoners in social status. They included highly educated government-employed specialis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musuri
''Musuri'' is a Korean term referring to female slaves in charge of odd chores in the court during the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty of Korea. Their main tasks were miscellaneous works such as drawing water from a well, making a fire in the fireplace or cleaning. Etymology Every palace had wells, and drawing water and delivering it as needed were an important part of a tomusuri's duty. For this reason, ''musuri'' were also called ''susa'' (水賜, literally "giving water") or ''susai'' (水賜伊, a female in charge of giving water) and their residence was called a ''susagan'' (水賜間, a place for those drawing water). On the other hand, male slaves were called ''paji'' (巴只). Although the terms, ''susai'' and ''paji'' do not appear in Goryeosa, a book compiled about the "History of Goryeo", the Annals of King Taejong (Taejong sillok) mention the class. From this record the Joseon royal court followed the system of the former state; Goryeo, young boys designated as male slaves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sejong The Great
Sejong of Joseon (15 May 1397 – 8 April 1450), personal name Yi Do (Korean: 이도; Hanja: 李祹), widely known as Sejong the Great (Korean: 세종대왕; Hanja: 世宗大王), was the fourth ruler of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. Initially titled Grand Prince Chungnyeong (Korean: 충녕대군; Hanja: 忠寧大君), he was born as the third son of King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong. In 1418, he was designated as heir after his eldest brother, Crown Prince Yi Je, was stripped of his status. Today, King Sejong is regarded as one of the greatest leaders in Korean history. Despite ascending to the throne after his father's voluntary abdication in 1418, Sejong was a mere figurehead while Taejong continued to hold the real power and govern the country up till his death in 1422. Sejong was the sole monarch for the next 28 years, although after 1439 he became increasingly ill, and starting from 1442, his eldest son, Crown Prince Yi Hyang (the future King Munjong), acted as regent. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uinyeo
''Uinyeo'' () were female physicians who specialized in the treatment of women during the Joseon dynasty (1392 – 1910) of Korea. The uinyeo were established as a solution to social taboos against women receiving treatment from male physicians. The ''uinyeo'' system first appeared in 1406 after King Taejong ordered its establishment in the '' Jesaengwon'' (濟生院 health care centers for commoners). Establishment The proposal for establishing uinyeo originated with Heo Do (許道), a government officer who held the title of ''Jijesaengwonsa'' (知濟生院事). He suggested to the king that a number of intelligent young women should receive medical training to treat women. It's been reported in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty during the Sejong Era, that he suggested this implementation of male doctors because of discrimination between the genders; he stated that even if a male is a slave of another slave, he would still be treated. He expressed his concern at how there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taejo Of Joseon
Taejo of Joseon (4 November 1335 – 27 June 1408), born Yi Seong-gye (), was the founder and first ruler of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. After ascending to the throne, he changed his name to Yi Dan (), and reigned from 1392 to 1398. He was the main figure in the overthrowing of the Goryeo dynasty. Taejo abdicated in 1398 during a strife between his sons and died in 1408. When Taejo became king, he emphasized continuity over change. No new institutions and no massive purges occurred during his reign. The dynasty that he established was mostly dominated by the same ruling families and officials that had served the previous regime. He re-established amicable relations with Japan and improved relations with Ming China. Biography Early life Taejo's father was Yi Ja-chun, an official of Korean ethnicity serving the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. Taejo's mother, Lady Choe, was of Chinese origin from a prominent family originally from Deungju ( Anbyeon County) in present-day North Kor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Academy Of Korean Studies
Academy of Korean Studies (한국학중앙연구원, AKS) is a South Korean research and educational institute with the purpose of establishing profound research on Korean culture. It was established on June 22, 1978, by Ministry of Education & Science Technology of South Korea (교육과학기술부). The Academy has dedicated to interpreting and analyzing Korean culture in general, defining the academic identity of Korean studies, and educating scholars. Korean Studies Journal published by the Academy of Korean Studies *'' Korea Journal'' *''Review of Korean Studies'' *''Korean Studies Quarterly'' Journals not published by the Academy of Korean Studies *''Korean Studies'', Hawaii *'' The Journal of Korean Studies'', Seattle *''Encyclopedia of Korean Culture'' *''Acta Koreana'' See also *List of national universities in South Korea *List of universities and colleges in South Korea This is a list of institutions of higher education in South Korea. Quick index __NOTOC__ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyeongguk Daejeon
''Gyeongguk daejeon'' (translated as the State Code or the National Code) is a complete code of law that comprises all the laws, customs and decrees released since the late Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon Dynasty. Sorted according to the relevant Ministries ( Yukyo), it had been a basis for over 500 years of Joseon Dynasty politics. The previous code of law was the ''Gyeongje yukjeon'' (經濟六典, Six Codes of Governance) and its revised edition, ''Sokyukjeon'' (續六典, Amended Six Codes of Governance) which were issued during the reign of the state founder, King Taejo. The new compilation started in 1460 ( Sejo 6) by the part relative to Taxation. In 1467 (Sejo 13), the compilation of the entire book was finished and named Gyeongguk Daejeon, but repeated revisions and supplements have delayed the final publication. When Seongjong was crowned, a first revision began to be implemented in 1471 and is named Sinmyo Daejeon (辛卯大典). Then it was renovated in 1474 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embroidery
Embroidery is the craft of decorating fabric or other materials using a needle to apply thread or yarn. Embroidery may also incorporate other materials such as pearls, beads, quills, and sequins. In modern days, embroidery is usually seen on caps, hats, coats, overlays, blankets, dress shirts, denim, dresses, stockings, scarfs, and golf shirts. Embroidery is available in a wide variety of thread or yarn colour. Some of the basic techniques or stitches of the earliest embroidery are chain stitch, buttonhole or blanket stitch, running stitch, satin stitch, and cross stitch. Those stitches remain the fundamental techniques of hand embroidery today. History Origins The process used to tailor, patch, mend and reinforce cloth fostered the development of sewing techniques, and the decorative possibilities of sewing led to the art of embroidery. Indeed, the remarkable stability of basic embroidery stitches has been noted: The art of embroidery has been found worldwi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeongjo Of Joseon
Yeongjo of Joseon (31 October 1694 – 22 April 1776), personal name Yi Geum ( Korean: 이금, Hanja: 李昑), was the 21st monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the second son of King Sukjong, by his concubine Royal Noble Consort Suk of the Haeju Choe clan. Before ascending to power, he was known as Prince Yeoning ( Korean: 연잉군, Hanja: 延礽君). His life was characterized by political infighting and resentment due to his biological mother's low-born origins. In 1720, a few months after the accession of his older half-brother, Yi Yun (posthumously called King Gyeongjong), as the 20th King, Yeoning became the Crown Prince. This induced a large controversy between the political factions. Nevertheless, four years later, at the death of Gyeongjong, he ascended to the throne. Yeongjo's reign lasted nearly 52 years and was marked by his persistent efforts to reform the taxation system and minimize and reconcile the factional fighting under his ''Tangpyeong'' pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sokdaejeon
''Gyeongguk daejeon'' (translated as the State Code or the National Code) is a complete code of law that comprises all the laws, customs and decrees released since the late Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon Dynasty. Sorted according to the relevant Ministries ( Yukyo), it had been a basis for over 500 years of Joseon Dynasty politics. The previous code of law was the ''Gyeongje yukjeon'' (經濟六典, Six Codes of Governance) and its revised edition, ''Sokyukjeon'' (續六典, Amended Six Codes of Governance) which were issued during the reign of the state founder, King Taejo. The new compilation started in 1460 ( Sejo 6) by the part relative to Taxation. In 1467 (Sejo 13), the compilation of the entire book was finished and named Gyeongguk Daejeon, but repeated revisions and supplements have delayed the final publication. When Seongjong was crowned, a first revision began to be implemented in 1471 and is named Sinmyo Daejeon (辛卯大典). Then it was renovated in 1474 an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyeongjong Of Joseon
Gyeongjong of Joseon (20 November 1688 – 11 October 1724; reigned 1720–1724) was the 20th king of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the son of King Sukjong and his concubine, Royal Noble Consort Hui of the Indong Jang clan. Biography In 1690, Gyeongjong's designation as heir to the throne precipitated a struggle between the Noron faction, which supported his half-brother Prince Yeoning, and the Soron faction, which supported Gyeongjong of Joseon. Due to this struggle, Soron scholars were kept out of power and factional strife reached a high point during Gyeongjong's reign. Following the death of King Sukjong in 1720, Crown Prince Hwiso (Yi Yun, 이윤 왕세자) ascended the throne at age 31 as King Gyeongjong. When Sukjong died in 1720, he supposedly told Yi Yi-myoung to name Yeoning-geum as Gyeongjong's heir, but suspicions arose between Soron, Noron enemies, from the absence of a historiographer or recorder. Gyeongjong suffered from ill health during his reign, and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
