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Gaisser–Hillas Function
The Gaisser–Hillas function is used in astroparticle physics. It Parametric equation, parameterizes the longitudinal particle density (packed density), particle density in a cosmic ray Air shower (physics), air shower. The function was proposed in 1977 by Thomas K. Gaisser and Anthony Michael Hillas. The number of particles N(X) as a function of traversed atmospheric depth X is expressed as :N(X)= N_\text\left(\frac\right)^\exp\left(\frac\right), where N_\text is maximum number of particles observed at depth X_\text, and X_0 and \lambda are primary mass and energy dependent parameters. Using substitutions n=\frac, x=\frac and m=\frac the function can be written in an alternative one-parametric (''m'') form as :n(x)=\left(\frac\right)^m\exp(m-x)=\frac=\exp\left(m\,(\ln x-\ln m)-(x-m)\right)\, . References Cosmic rays {{particle-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astroparticle Physics
Astroparticle physics, also called particle astrophysics, is a branch of particle physics that studies elementary particles of astronomical origin and their relation to astrophysics and cosmology. It is a relatively new field of research emerging at the intersection of particle physics, astronomy, astrophysics, detector physics, relativity, solid state physics, and cosmology. Partly motivated by the discovery of neutrino oscillation, the field has undergone rapid development, both theoretically and experimentally, since the early 2000s. History The field of astroparticle physics is evolved out of optical astronomy. With the growth of detector technology came the more mature astrophysics, which involved multiple physics subtopics, such as mechanics, electrodynamics, thermodynamics, plasma physics, nuclear physics, relativity, and particle physics. Particle physicists found astrophysics necessary due to difficulty in producing particles with comparable energy to those found in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |