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Gustav Magnus
Heinrich Gustav Magnus (; 2 May 1802 – 4 April 1870) was a German experimental scientist. His training was mostly in chemistry but his later research was mostly in physics. He spent the great bulk of his career at the University of Berlin, where he is remembered for his laboratory teaching as much as for his original research. He did not use his first given name, and was known throughout his life as Gustav Magnus. Education Magnus was born in Berlin to a Jewish family, his father a wealthy merchant. In his youth he received private instruction in mathematics and natural science. At the University of Berlin he studied chemistry and physics, 1822–27, and obtained a doctorate for a dissertation on tellurium in 1827. His doctoral adviser was Eilhard Mitscherlich. He then went to Stockholm for a year as a visiting research fellow at the laboratory of Jöns Jakob Berzelius (who was a personal friend of Mitscherlich). That was followed by a year in Paris at the laboratory of Joseph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Fellows Of The Royal Society M, N, O
About 8,000 fellows have been elected to the Royal Society of London since its inception in 1660. Below is a list of people who are or were Fellow of the Royal Society, Fellow or Foreign Member of the Royal Society. The date of election to the fellowship follows the name. Dates in brackets relate to an award or event associated with the person. The Society maintains complete online list. This list is complete up to and including 2019. List of fellows M N O Foreign members M N O References External linksThe Royal Societywebsite Complete List of Royal Society Fellows 1660-2007in pdf format Fellows index of MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, MacTutor History of Mathematics *List of Fellows of the Royal Society {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Fellows Of The Royal Society M, N, O Fellows of the Royal Society Lists of fellows of the Royal So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Hagenbach-Bischoff
Eduard Hagenbach-Bischoff (20 February 1833– 23 December 1910 was a Swiss physicist. He invented an electoral quota very similar to the Droop quota. The son of the theologian Karl Rudolf Hagenbach, he studied physics and mathematics in Basel (with Rudolf Merian), Berlin (with Heinrich Wilhelm Dove and Heinrich Gustav Magnus), Geneva, Paris (with Jules Célestin Jamin) and obtained his Ph.D. in 1855 at Basel. He taught at the ''Gewerbeschule'' (vocational school) in Basel and was after his habilitation, a professor of mathematics at the University of Basel The University of Basel (Latin: ''Universitas Basiliensis''; German: ''Universität Basel'') is a public research university in Basel, Switzerland. Founded on 4 April 1460, it is Switzerland's oldest university and among the world's oldest univ ... for one year. From 1863 to 1906, he was a full professor of physics at Basel (successor of Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann). In 1874, he became director of the institute of physi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isethionic Acid
Isethionic acid is an organosulfur compound containing an alkylsulfonic acid located beta to a hydroxy group. Its discovery is generally attributed to Heinrich Gustav Magnus, who prepared it by the action of solid sulfur trioxide on ethanol in 1833. It is a white water-soluble solid used in the manufacture of certain surfactants and in the industrial production of taurine. It is most commonly available in the form of its sodium salt ( sodium isethionate). Synthesis The original synthesis of the compound, involving the reaction of sulfur trioxide with ethanol, has largely been replaced by more advanced methods. An alternative production method involves the hydrolysis of carbyl sulfate, which is derived from the sulfonation of ethylene. : However the most common route is the reaction of ethylene oxide with aqueous sodium bisulfite, which produces the sodium salt ( sodium isethionate): : Reactions Isethionic acid is used as a starting material in the industrial production of tau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diathermancy
Diathermancy (from "dia" ''through'' and "thermē" ''heat'') is the property of some fluids that allows rays of light through them without itself being heated. A diathermanous substance is thus " permeable" by heat. Diathermancy was first described by German physicist and chemist Heinrich Gustav Magnus in the 1800s.Magnus wrote initially four papers on Diathermanc/ref> Air ''is'' diathermanous; therefore atmospheric air ''is not'' heated by sunshine. Atmospheric air is heated by long-wave thermal radiation emitted by soil, and especially, by water on the Earth's surface. Water ''is not'' diathermanous, and it ''is'' heated directly by sunshine. Atmospheric heating from oceanic waters Atmospheric heat comes from long-wave radiation from the soil and, mostly, from the water surface (oceans, lakes, rivers), because water is a not diathermanous body and covers three quarters of Earth's surface. Diathermancy cause subsidence above damp or water surfaces. That is because these a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnus' Green Salt
Magnus's green salt is the inorganic compound with the formula t(NH3)4PtCl4]. This salt is named after Heinrich Gustav Magnus, who, in the early 1830s, first reported the compound. The compound is a linear chain compound, consisting of a chain of platinum atoms. It is dark green, which is unusual for platinum compounds. Structure This species has attracted interest in materials chemistry and solid-state physics because of its one-dimensional structure. It contains a chain of alternating tCl4sup>2− anions and t(NH3)4sup>2+ cations, in which the platinum atoms are separated by 3.25 Å. It is a semiconductor. Preparation The compound may be prepared by combining aqueous solutions of t(NH3)4sup>2+ and tCl4sup>2−, which gives a deep green solid precipitate. Under some conditions, this reaction affords a pink polymorph of Magnus's green salt. In this so-called "Magnus's pink salt", the square planar Pt complexes are not stacked. Related compounds Magnus's green salt is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnus Effect
The Magnus effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a spin (geometry), spinning Object (physics), object is moving through a fluid. A lift (force), lift force acts on the spinning object and its path may be deflected in a manner not present when it is not spinning. The strength and direction of the Magnus force is dependent on the speed and direction of the rotation of the object. The Magnus effect is named after Heinrich Gustav Magnus, the German physicist who investigated it. The force on a rotating cylinder is an example of Kutta–Joukowski theorem, Kutta–Joukowski lift, named after Martin Kutta and Nikolay Zhukovsky (scientist), Nikolay Zhukovsky (or Joukowski), mathematicians who contributed to the knowledge of how lift is generated in a fluid flow. Description The most readily observable case of the Magnus effect is when a spinning sphere (or cylinder) curves away from the arc it would follow if it were not spinning. It is often used by football (soccer) and volleybal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clausius–Clapeyron Relation
The Clausius–Clapeyron relation, in chemical thermodynamics, specifies the temperature dependence of pressure, most importantly vapor pressure, at a discontinuous phase transition between two phases of matter of a single constituent. It is named after Rudolf Clausius and Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron. However, this relation was in fact originally derived by Sadi Carnot in his '' Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire'', which was published in 1824 but largely ignored until it was rediscovered by Clausius, Clapeyron, and Lord Kelvin decades later. Kelvin said of Carnot's argument that "nothing in the whole range of Natural Philosophy is more remarkable than the establishment of general laws by such a process of reasoning." Kelvin and his brother James Thomson confirmed the relation experimentally in 1849–50, and it was historically important as a very early successful application of theoretical thermodynamics. Its relevance to meteorology and climatology is the increase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf Wüllner
Adolf Wüllner (13 June 1835, in Düsseldorf – 6 October 1908, in Aachen) was a German physicist. He studied physics at the universities of University of Bonn, Bonn, University of Munich, Munich and Berlin, qualifying as a lecturer at the University of Marburg in 1858. In 1862 he became director of the vocational school in Aachen, and three years later taught classes in physics at the Poppelsdorf agricultural academy. In 1867 he was named an associate professor at the University of Bonn, and from 1869 onward, was a professor of physics at the RWTH Aachen University, Technical University of Aachen. In 1883–86 he served as rector (academia), academic rector.MKL1888:Wüllner Meyers Konversations-Lexikon He is remembered for his work on the specific heat of liquids and gases, vapor pressure, vapor tension, refractive index, refr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Schunck
Henry Edward Schunck (16 August 1820 – 13 January 1903), also known as Edward von Schunck, was a British chemist who did much work with dyes. Early life and education Henry Edward Schunck was born in Manchester, the son of Martin Schunck, a German merchant. His grandfather was Major Johann-Carl Schunck (1745–1800). Edward started studying chemistry in Manchester with William Henry. The young Schunck was sent to further his chemical studies to Berlin where he studied under Heinrich Rose (1795–1864) who discovered niobium, diligently analysed minerals and other inorganic substances and studied the chemistry of titanium, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, sulphur, selenium and tellurium. Schunck also studied at Berlin under Heinrich Gustav Magnus (1802–1870) who published over 80 papers on many diverse topics in chemistry and physics. After studying in Berlin he received his PhD under Justus Liebig at the University of Gießen. Work It was from Gießen that in 1841 he pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georg Hermann Quincke
Georg Hermann Quincke FRSFor HFRSE (; November 19, 1834 – January 13, 1924) was a German physicist. Biography Born in Frankfurt-on-Oder, Quincke was the son of prominent physician ''Geheimer Medicinal-Rath'' Hermann Quincke and the elder brother of physician Heinrich Quincke. Quincke received his Ph.D. in 1858 at Berlin, having previously studied also at Königsberg and at Heidelberg. He became privatdocent at Berlin in 1859, professor at Berlin in 1865, professor at Würzburg in 1872, and in 1875 was called to be professor of physics at Heidelberg, where he remained until his retirement in 1907. His doctor's dissertation was on the subject of the capillary constant of mercury, and his investigations of all capillary phenomena are classical. In September 1860, Quincke was one of the participants in the Karlsruhe Congress, the first international conference of chemistry worldwide. He and Adolf von Baeyer represented the University of Berlin in Congress. Quincke also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Von Oettingen
Arthur Joachim von Oettingen ( – 5 September 1920) was a Baltic German physicist and music theorist. He was the brother of theologian Alexander von Oettingen (1827–1905) and ophthalmologist Georg von Oettingen (1824–1916). Biography He studied astronomy and physics at the University of Dorpat, and furthered his education of physics in Paris in the laboratories of Antoine César Becquerel (1788–1878) and Henri Victor Régnault (1810–1878), and afterwards at Berlin in the laboratories of Heinrich Gustav Magnus (1802–1870), Johann Christian Poggendorff (1796–1877) and Heinrich Wilhelm Dove (1803–1879). In 1868 he became a professor at Dorpat, where he founded a meteorological observatory. In 1893 he moved to the University of Leipzig, where he remained until 1919 as a teacher and honorary professor. In 1898 and 1904 he published the third and fourth volumes of Poggendorff's ''Biographisch-Literarisches Handwörterbuch der exakten Naturwissenschaften''. Oe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Mitscherlich (chemist)
Alexander Mitscherlich (28 May 1836 in Berlin – 31 May 1918 in Oberstdorf) was a German chemist and son of Eilhard Mitscherlich. He studied at University of Göttingen, where he also became member of Burschenschaft Hannovera (fraternity). His most important work was in the field of processing wood to create cellulose. He patented an early version of the sulfite process in 1882. In 1909 Mitscherlich wrote on crop yields in agronomy Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants by agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, chemicals, recreation, or land conservation. Agronomy has come to include research of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and .... His results have been characterized as the "sum of two exponential processes." A historian of plant science wrote in 1942: :A working model of the soil: Liebig's Law of the Minimum was the formulation of an idea that yield of a crop was determined primarily by the amounts of plant food that were p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
