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Group C GPCR Family
The class C G-protein-coupled receptors () are a class of G-protein coupled receptors that include the metabotropic glutamate receptors () and several additional receptors. Structurally they are composed of four elements; an N-terminal signal sequence; a large hydrophilic extracellular agonist-binding region containing several conserved cysteine residues which could be involved in disulphide bonds; a shorter region containing seven transmembrane domains; and a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of variable length. This protein family includes metabotropic glutamate receptors, the extracellular calcium-sensing receptors, the gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) type B receptors, and the vomeronasal type-2 receptors. Subfamilies Calcium-sensing receptor-related * extracellular calcium-sensing receptor-related ** Calcium-sensing receptor () ** GPRC6A () GABAB receptors * GABAB receptor (gamma-aminobutyric acid) ** GABAB receptor 1 () ** GABAB receptor 2 () Metabotropic glutamate re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
G-protein Coupled Receptors
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily related proteins that are cell surface receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate cellular responses. They are coupled with G proteins. They pass through the cell membrane seven times in the form of six loops (three extracellular loops interacting with ligand molecules, three intracellular loops interacting with G proteins, an N-terminal extracellular region and a C-terminal intracellular region) of amino acid residues, which is why they are sometimes referred to as seven-transmembrane receptors. Text was copied from this source, which is available under Attribution 2.5 Generic (CC BY 2.5) licence/ref> Ligands can bind either to the extracellular N-terminus and loops (e.g. glutamate receptors) or to the binding site within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1
The glutamate receptor, metabotropic 1, also known as GRM1, is a human gene which encodes the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) protein. Function L-Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I, which includes GRM1 alongside GRM5, have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ''GRM2'' gene. mGluR2 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that couples with the Gi alpha subunit. The rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taste Receptor
A taste receptor or tastant is a type of cellular receptor that facilitates the sensation of taste. When food or other substances enter the mouth, molecules interact with saliva and are bound to taste receptors in the oral cavity and other locations. Molecules which give a sensation of taste are considered "sapid". Vertebrate taste receptors are divided into two families: * Type 1, sweet, first characterized in 2001: – * Type 2, bitter, first characterized in 2000: In humans there are 25 known different bitter receptors, in cats there are 12, in chickens there are three, and in mice there are 35 known different bitter receptors. Visual, olfactive, "sapictive" (the perception of tastes), trigeminal (hot, cool), mechanical, all contribute to the perception of ''taste''. Of these, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 ( TRPV1) vanilloid receptors are responsible for the perception of heat from some molecules such as capsaicin, and a CMR1 receptor i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GPRC5D
G-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GPRC5D'' gene. GPRC5D is a class C orphan G protein-coupled receptor predominantly expressed in multiple myeloma cells and hard keratinized tissues, with low expression in normal human tissues, rendering it an appealing target for multiple myeloma cells. Structure Structural analysis of the complex between GPRC5D and talquetamab Talquetamab, sold under the brand name Talvey, is a humanized monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of multiple myeloma. It is a bispecific GPRC5D-directed CD3 T-cell engager. Talquetamab is a bispecific antibody against two targets: hum ..., a bispecific antibody for the treatment of multiple myeloma, has revealed that GPRC5D exists as a dimer. GPRC5D forms a symmetric dimer via TM4 and TM4/TM5 interactions. The study further demonstrated that only one talquetamab molecule can bind to the dimeric form of GPRC5D. Talquetamab Fab recognizes ECL ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GPRC5C
G-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GPRC5C'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei .... Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the type 3 G protein-coupled receptor family. Members of this superfamily are characterized by a signature 7-transmembrane domain motif. The specific function of this protein is unknown; however, this protein may mediate the cellular effects of retinoic acid on the G protein signal transduction cascade. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. See also * Retinoic acid-inducible orphan G protein-coupled receptor References Further reading * * * * * * * G protein-coupled receptors {{transmembranereceptor- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GPRC5B
G-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GPRC5B'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei .... Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the type 3 G protein-coupled receptor family. Members of this superfamily are characterized by a signature 7-transmembrane domain motif. The specific function of this protein is unknown; however, this protein may mediate the cellular effects of retinoic acid on the G protein signal transduction cascade. See also * Retinoic acid-inducible orphan G protein-coupled receptor References Further reading * External links * G protein-coupled receptors {{transmembranereceptor-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GPRC5A
Retinoic acid-induced protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GPRC5A'' gene. This gene and its encoded mRNA was first identified as a phorbol ester-induced gene, and named Phorbol Ester Induced Gen 1 (''PEIG-1''); two years later it was rediscovered as a retinoic acid-inducible gene, and named Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene 1 (''RAIG1''). Its encoded protein was later named Retinoic acid-induced protein 3. Function This gene encodes a member of the type 3 G protein-coupled receptor family, characterized by the signature 7-transmembrane domain motif. The encoded protein may be involved in interaction between retinoic acid and G protein signalling pathways. Retinoic acid plays a critical role in development, cellular growth, and differentiation. This gene may play a role in embryonic development and epithelial cell differentiation. Tryptamine and other indole related chemicals produced by gut microflora bind and activate the receptor. Post transcriptional regul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 8
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GRM8'' gene. Function L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain, spinal cord and retina. The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity o ... and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathology, neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 7
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GRM7'' gene. Function L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3 while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities. Alternative splice variants of GRM8 have been described but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 6
Glutamate receptor, metabotropic 6, also known as GRM6 or mGluR6, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''GRM6'' gene. Function L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3, while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities. mGluR6 is specifically expre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 is an excitatory Gq-coupled G protein-coupled receptor predominantly expressed on the postsynaptic sites of neurons. In humans, it is encoded by the ''GRM5'' gene. Function The amino acid L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacological properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3 while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7, and GRM8. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
