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Grothendieck
Alexander Grothendieck, later Alexandre Grothendieck in French (; ; ; 28 March 1928 – 13 November 2014), was a German-born French mathematician who became the leading figure in the creation of modern algebraic geometry. His research extended the scope of the field and added elements of commutative algebra, homological algebra, sheaf theory, and category theory to its foundations, while his so-called "relative" perspective led to revolutionary advances in many areas of pure mathematics. He is considered by many to be the greatest mathematician of the twentieth century. Grothendieck began his productive and public career as a mathematician in 1949. In 1958, he was appointed a research professor at the Institut des hautes études scientifiques (IHÉS) and remained there until 1970, when, driven by personal and political convictions, he left following a dispute over military funding. He received the Fields Medal in 1966 for advances in algebraic geometry, homological algeb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Things Named After Alexander Grothendieck ...
The mathematician Alexander Grothendieck (1928–2014) is the eponym of many things. Mathematics {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Topics Named After Alexander Grothendieck Grothendieck Alexander Grothendieck, later Alexandre Grothendieck in French (; ; ; 28 March 1928 – 13 November 2014), was a German-born French mathematician who became the leading figure in the creation of modern algebraic geometry. His research ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algebraic Geometry
Algebraic geometry is a branch of mathematics which uses abstract algebraic techniques, mainly from commutative algebra, to solve geometry, geometrical problems. Classically, it studies zero of a function, zeros of multivariate polynomials; the modern approach generalizes this in a few different aspects. The fundamental objects of study in algebraic geometry are algebraic variety, algebraic varieties, which are geometric manifestations of solution set, solutions of systems of polynomial equations. Examples of the most studied classes of algebraic varieties are line (geometry), lines, circles, parabolas, ellipses, hyperbolas, cubic curves like elliptic curves, and quartic curves like lemniscate of Bernoulli, lemniscates and Cassini ovals. These are plane algebraic curves. A point of the plane lies on an algebraic curve if its coordinates satisfy a given polynomial equation. Basic questions involve the study of points of special interest like singular point of a curve, singular p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fields Medal
The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of Mathematicians, International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years. The name of the award honours the Canadian mathematician John Charles Fields. The Fields Medal is regarded as one of the highest honors a mathematician can receive, and has been list of prizes known as the Nobel or the highest honors of a field, described as the Nobel Prize of Mathematics, although there are several major differences, including frequency of award, number of awards, age limits, monetary value, and award criteria. According to the annual Academic Excellence Survey by Academic Ranking of World Universities, ARWU, the Fields Medal is consistently regarded as the top award in the field of mathematics worldwide, and in another reputation survey conducted by IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence, IR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoàng Xuân Sính
Hoàng Xuân Sính (born September 8, 1933) is a Vietnamese mathematician, a student of Grothendieck, the first female mathematics professor in Vietnam, the founder of , and a recipient of the ''Ordre des Palmes Académiques''. Early life and career Hoàng was born in Cót, in the Từ Liêm District of Vietnam, one of seven children of fabric merchant Hoàng Thuc Tan. Her mother died when she was eight years old, and she was raised by a stepmother. She has also frequently been said to be the granddaughter of Vietnamese mathematician Hoàng Xuân Hãn. She completed a bachelor's degree in 1951 in Hanoi, studying English and French, and then traveled to Paris for a second baccalaureate in mathematics. She stayed in France to study for an ''agrégation'' at the University of Toulouse, which she completed in 1959, before returning to Vietnam to become a mathematics teacher at the Hanoi National University of Education. Hoàng became the first female mathematics professor in Vietna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michèle Raynaud
Michèle Raynaud (born Michèle Chaumartin; ) is a French mathematician, who works on algebraic geometry and who worked with Alexandre Grothendieck in Paris in the 1960s at the Institut des hautes études scientifiques (IHÉS). Biography Raynaud was a member of the séminaire de géométrie algébrique du Bois Marie (SGA) 1 and 2 and obtained her doctorate in 1972, supervised by Grothendieck at Paris Diderot University. Her thesis was entitled ''Théorèmes de Lefschetz en cohomologie cohérente et en cohomologie étale''. Grothendieck wrote about her doctoral thesis in ''Récoltes et Semailles'' (p.168 Chapitre 8.1.) describing it as original, entirely independent, and a major work. Michèle Raynaud was married to the mathematician Michel Raynaud Michel Raynaud (; 16 June 1938 – 10 March 2018 Décès de Mich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Deligne
Pierre René, Viscount Deligne (; born 3 October 1944) is a Belgian mathematician. He is best known for work on the Weil conjectures, leading to a complete proof in 1973. He is the winner of the 2013 Abel Prize, 2008 Wolf Prize, 1988 Crafoord Prize, and 1978 Fields Medal. Early life and education Deligne was born in Etterbeek, attended school at Athénée Adolphe Max and studied at the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), writing a dissertation titled ''Théorème de Lefschetz et critères de dégénérescence de suites spectrales'' (Theorem of Lefschetz and criteria of degeneration of spectral sequences). He completed his doctorate at the University of Paris-Sud in Orsay 1972 under the supervision of Alexander Grothendieck, with a thesis titled ''Théorie de Hodge''. Career Starting in 1965, Deligne worked with Grothendieck at the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHÉS) near Paris, initially on the generalization within scheme theory of Zariski's main theo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michel Demazure
Michel Demazure (; born 2 March 1937) is a French mathematician. He made contributions in the fields of abstract algebra, algebraic geometry, and computer vision, and participated in the Nicolas Bourbaki collective. He has also been president of the French Mathematical Society and directed two French science museums. Biography In the 1960s, Demazure was a student of Alexandre Grothendieck, and, together with Grothendieck, he ran and edited the Séminaire de Géométrie Algébrique du Bois Marie on group schemes at the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques near Paris from 1962 to 1964. Demazure obtained his doctorate from the Université de Paris in 1965 under Grothendieck's supervision, with a dissertation entitled ''Schémas en groupes réductifs''. He was maître de conférence at Strasbourg University (1964–1966), and then university professor at Paris-Sud in Orsay (1966–1976) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luc Illusie
Luc Illusie (; born 1940) is a French mathematician, specializing in algebraic geometry. His most important work concerns the theory of the cotangent complex and deformations, crystalline cohomology and the De Rham–Witt complex, and logarithmic geometry. In 2012, he was awarded the Émile Picard Medal of the French Academy of Sciences. Biography Luc Illusie entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1959. At first a student of the mathematician Henri Cartan, he participated in the Cartan–Schwartz seminar of 1963–1964. In 1964, following Cartan's advice, he began to work with Alexandre Grothendieck, collaborating with him on two volumes of the latter's Séminaire de Géométrie Algébrique du Bois Marie. In 1970, Illusie introduced the concept of the cotangent complex. A researcher in the Centre national de la recherche scientifique from 1964 to 1976, Illusie then became a professor at the University of Paris-Sud, retiring as emeritus professor in 2005. Between 1984 and 1995, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homological Algebra
Homological algebra is the branch of mathematics that studies homology (mathematics), homology in a general algebraic setting. It is a relatively young discipline, whose origins can be traced to investigations in combinatorial topology (a precursor to algebraic topology) and abstract algebra (theory of module (mathematics), modules and Syzygy (mathematics), syzygies) at the end of the 19th century, chiefly by Henri Poincaré and David Hilbert. Homological algebra is the study of homological functors and the intricate algebraic structures that they entail; its development was closely intertwined with the emergence of category theory. A central concept is that of chain complexes, which can be studied through their homology and cohomology. Homological algebra affords the means to extract information contained in these complexes and present it in the form of homological invariant (mathematics), invariants of ring (mathematics), rings, modules, topological spaces, and other "tangible ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institut Des Hautes Études Scientifiques
The Institut des hautes études scientifiques (IHÉS; English: Institute of Advanced Scientific Studies) is a French research institute supporting advanced research in mathematics and theoretical physics (also with a small theoretical biology group). It is located in Bures-sur-Yvette, just south of Paris. It is an independently governed research institute and a founding member of the University of Paris-Saclay. History The IHÉS was founded in 1958 by businessman and mathematical physicist Léon Motchane with the help of Robert Oppenheimer and Jean Dieudonné as a research centre in France, modeled on the renowned Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, United States. The strong personality of Alexander Grothendieck and the broad sweep of his revolutionizing theories were a dominating feature of the first ten years at the IHÉS. René Thom received an invitation from IHÉS in 1963 and after his appointment remained there until his death in 2002. Dennis Sullivan is rememb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Louis Verdier
Jean-Louis Verdier (; 2 February 1935 – 25 August 1989) was a French mathematician who worked, under the guidance of his doctoral advisor Alexander Grothendieck, on derived categories and Verdier duality. He was a close collaborator of Grothendieck, notably contributing to SGA 4 his theory of hypercovers and anticipating the later development of étale homotopy by Michael Artin and Barry Mazur, following a suggestion he attributed to Pierre Cartier. Saul Lubkin's related theory of rigid hypercovers was later taken up by Eric Friedlander in his definition of the étale topological type. Verdier was a student at the elite École Normale Supérieure in Paris, and later became director of studies there, as well as a Professor at the University of Paris VII. For many years he directed a joint seminar at the École Normale Supérieure with Adrien Douady. Verdier was a member of Bourbaki. In 1984 he was the president of the Société Mathématique de France. In 1976 Ver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
