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Greatest Engineering Achievements
The National Academy of Engineering (NAE) is an American nonprofit, non-governmental organization. It is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), along with the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). The NAE operates engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. New members are annually elected by current members, based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research. The NAE is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the rest of the National Academies the role of advising the federal government. History The National Academy of Sciences was created by an Act of Incorporation dated March 3, 1863, which was signed by then president of the United States Abraham Lincoln with the purpose to "...investigate, examine, experiment, and report up ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-governmental Organization
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an independent, typically nonprofit organization that operates outside government control, though it may get a significant percentage of its funding from government or corporate sources. NGOs often focus on humanitarian or social issues but can also include clubs and associations offering services to members. Some NGOs, like the World Economic Forum, may also act as lobby groups for corporations. Unlike international organizations (IOs), which directly interact with sovereign states and governments, NGOs are independent from them. The term as it is used today was first introduced in Article 71 of the UN Charter, Article 71 of the newly formed United Nations Charter in 1945. While there is no fixed or formal definition for what NGOs are, they are generally defined as nonprofit entities that are independent of governmental influence—although they may receive government funding. According to the United Nations Department of Global Communic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal () is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Caribbean Sea with the Pacific Ocean. It cuts across the narrowest point of the Isthmus of Panama, and is a Channel (geography), conduit for maritime trade between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Lock (water navigation), Locks at each end lift ships up to Gatun Lake, an artificial fresh water lake Above mean sea level, above sea level, created by damming the Chagres River and Lake Alajuela to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal. Locks then lower the ships at the other end. An average of of fresh water is used in a single passing of a ship. The canal is threatened by low water levels during droughts. The Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage, the Strait of Magellan or the Beagle Channel. Its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank B
Frank, FRANK, or Franks may refer to: People * Frank (given name) * Frank (surname) * Franks (surname) * Franks, a Germanic people in late Roman times * Franks, a term in the Muslim world for all western Europeans, particularly during the Crusades Currency * Liechtenstein franc or frank, the currency of Liechtenstein since 1920 * Swiss franc or frank, the currency of Switzerland since 1850 * Westphalian frank, currency of the Kingdom of Westphalia between 1808 and 1813 * The currencies of the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland (1803–1814): ** Appenzell frank ** Aargau frank ** Basel frank ** Berne frank ** Fribourg frank ** Glarus frank ** Graubünden frank ** Luzern frank ** Schaffhausen frank ** Schwyz frank ** Solothurn frank ** St. Gallen frank ** Thurgau frank ** Unterwalden frank ** Uri frank ** Zürich frank Places * Frank, Alberta, Canada, an urban community, formerly a village * Franks, Illinois, United States, an unincorporated community * Fran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustus Braun Kinzel
Augustus Braun Kinzel (July 26, 1900 – October 23, 1987) was a noted American metallurgist and first president of the National Academy of Engineering. Biography Kinzel was born in New York City. He received his A.B. in mathematics from Columbia University (1919), B.S. in engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1921), and D. Met. Ing. and Sc.D. from the University of Nancy, France (1922, 1933). His employment started in 1919 at the General Electric Laboratories in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He joined Union Carbide Research Laboratories in 1926 as a research metallurgist, where he subsequently served as chief metallurgist starting in 1931, vice-president (1945), and president (1948). He subsequently served as director of research for the Union Carbide Corporation (starting 1954), and vice-president of research (1955). In later years he was president and chief executive officer the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. During World War II he held key adviso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of United States Federal Executive Orders
Executive orders issued by presidents of the United States to help officers and agencies of the executive branch manage operations within the community. At the federal level of government in the United States, laws are made almost exclusively by legislation. Such legislation originates as an act of Congress passed by the U.S. Congress; such acts were either signed into law by the president or passed by Congress after a presidential veto. So, legislation is not the only source of regulations. There is also judge-made common law and constitutional law. The president can issue executive orders pursuant to a grant of discretion from Congress, or under the inherent powers that office holds to deal with certain matters which have the force of law. Many early executive orders were not recorded. The State Department began numbering executive orders in the early 20th century, starting retroactively from President Abraham Lincoln's Executive Order Establishing a Provisional Court i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Simpson Woodward
Robert Simpson Woodward (July 21, 1849 – June 29, 1924) was an American civil engineer, physicist and mathematician. Biography He was born at Rochester, Michigan, on July 21, 1849, to Lysander Woodward and Peninah A. Simpson.Woodward, Robert Simpson in '' Who's Who in America'' (1901-1902 edition), via archive.org He graduated with a degree in at the |
Henry Larcom Abbot
Henry Larcom Abbot (August 13, 1831 – October 1, 1927) was a military engineer and career officer in the United States Army. He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War and was appointed brevet brigadier general of volunteers for his contributions in engineering and artillery. In 1866 he received additional brevet appointments as major general of volunteers and brigadier general in the Regular Army. He conducted several scientific studies of the Mississippi River with captain, later Major General Andrew A. Humphreys. After his retirement, Abbot served as a consultant for the locks on the Panama Canal. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1863. Military life Abbot attended West Point and graduated second in his class, which included Jeb Stuart and G. W. Custis Lee with a degree in military engineering in 1854. He initially wanted to join the Artillery, but shortly after graduation, a classmate convinced him to choose the E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was the 28th president of the United States, serving from 1913 to 1921. He was the only History of the Democratic Party (United States), Democrat to serve as president during the Progressive Era when Republicans dominated the presidency and United States Congress, legislative branches. As president, Wilson changed the nation's economic policies and led the United States into World War I. He was the leading architect of the League of Nations, and his stance on foreign policy came to be known as Wilsonianism. Born in Staunton, Virginia, Wilson early life of Woodrow Wilson, grew up in the Southern United States during the American Civil War and Reconstruction era. After earning a Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D. in history and political science from Johns Hopkins University, Wilson taught at several colleges prior to being appointed president of Princeton University, where he emerged as a prominent spokesman for progressivism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of National Defense
The Council of National Defense was a United States organization formed during World War I to coordinate resources and industry in support of the war effort, including the coordination of transportation, industrial and farm production, financial support for the war, and public morale. It was briefly revived for World War II to hold agencies such as National Defense Research Committee. Organizational history Establishment The Army appropriation for 1916 provided for the creation and funding of the Council of National Defense.Green, Walter G., ed., ''Electronic Encyclopaedia of Civil Defense and Emergency Management''"Council of National Defense and State Defense Councils," August 17, 2003, accessed May 9, 2011 The appropriation was $200,000. President Woodrow Wilson established it on August 24, 1916, because "The Country is best prepared for war when thoroughly prepared for peace." Members of some portions, such as the Medical Officers' Reserve Corps, which had existed previousl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naval Consulting Board
The Naval Consulting Board, also known as the Naval Advisory Board (a name used in the 1880s for two previous committees), was a US Navy organization established in 1915 by Josephus Daniels, the Secretary of the Navy at the suggestion of Thomas Alva Edison. Daniels created the Board with membership drawn from eleven engineering and scientific organizations two years before the United States entered World War I to provide the country with the "machinery and facilities for utilizing the natural inventive genius of Americans to meet the new conditions of warfare." Daniels was concerned that the U.S. was unprepared for the new conditions of warfare and that they needed access to the newest technology. History Thomas Edison gave a speech in which he proposed a group of scientists should be involved with the World War I effort. In a statement issued in the ''New York Times'' on September 13, 1915, Josephus Daniels, the Secretary of the Navy asked Thomas Edison to be president of an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preparedness Movement
The Preparedness Movement was a campaign led by former Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army, Leonard Wood, and former President Theodore Roosevelt to strengthen the United States Armed Forces, U.S. military after the outbreak of World War I. Wood advocated a summer training school for reserve officers to be held in Plattsburgh (city), New York, Plattsburgh, New York (state), New York. The movement was at first opposed by President Woodrow Wilson, who believed the United States should be in a position of Neutral country, neutrality in order to broker a compromise peace in Europe. Several organizations were formed around the Preparedness Movement and held parades and organized opposition to Wilson's policies. After the ''RMS Lusitania, Lusitania'' was Sinking of the RMS Lusitania, sunk by German U-boats on May 7, 1915, and Pancho Villa launched his Pancho Villa Expedition, raid against Columbus, New Mexico, Wilson's attitude changed. The United S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Entry Into World War I
The United States entered into World War I on 6 April 1917, more than two and a half years after the war began in Europe. Apart from an Anglophile element urging early support for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, British and an anti-Tsarist element sympathizing with German Empire, Germany's war against Russian Empire, Russia, American public opinion had generally reflected a desire to stay out of the war. Over time, especially after reports of The Rape of Belgium, German atrocities in Belgium in 1914 and after the Sinking of the RMS Lusitania, sinking attack by the Imperial German Navy submarine (U-boat) torpedoing of the trans-Atlantic ocean liner off the southern coast of Ireland in May 1915, Americans increasingly came to see Imperial Germany as the aggressor in Europe. While the country was at peace, American banks made huge loans to the Allies of World War I, Entente powers (Allies), which were used mainly to buy munitions, raw materials, and food from acros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
