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Government Information Awareness
The Government Information Awareness (GIA) project was an initiative of the MIT Media Lab, designed "to provide American citizens with digital tools for participating in the democratic process." The GIA initiative was inspired by the Total Information Awareness project of the US government's Information Awareness Office, and was predicated on the premise that citizens have a right to maintain information on the government - similar to what information the government maintains on the citizens. History The project was announced via a press release on the MIT Media Center website, dated July 2, 2003. The press release affirmed that the project would be "unveiled" on July 4. Wired magazine ran an article covering the project, dated July 4, 2003. The designer of the site, graduate student Ryan McKinley, developed the site under the direction of Christopher Csikszentmihályi, Fukutake Assistant Professor in the Media Lab's Computer Culture group. McKinley explained the purpose of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MIT Media Lab
The MIT Media Lab is a research laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, growing out of MIT's Architecture Machine Group in the School of Architecture. Its research does not restrict to fixed academic disciplines, but draws from technology, media, science, art, and design. , Media Lab's research groups include neurobiology, biologically inspired fabrication, socially engaging robots, emotive computing, bionics, and hyperinstruments. The Media Lab was founded in 1985 by Nicholas Negroponte and former MIT President Jerome Wiesner, and is housed in the Wiesner Building (designed by I. M. Pei), also known as Building E15. The Lab has been written about in the popular press since 1988, when Stewart Brand published ''The Media Lab: Inventing the Future at M.I.T.'', and its work was a regular feature of technology journals in the 1990s. In 2009, it expanded into a second building. The Media Lab came under scrutiny in 2019 due to its acceptance of donations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communications Assistance For Law Enforcement Act
The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA), also known as the "Digital Telephony Act," is a United States wiretapping law passed in 1994, during the presidency of Bill Clinton (Pub. L. No. 103-414, 108 Stat. 4279, codified at 47 USC 1001-1010). CALEA's purpose is to enhance the ability of law enforcement agencies to conduct lawful interception of communication by requiring that telecommunications carriers and manufacturers of telecommunications equipment modify and design their equipment, facilities, and services to ensure that they have built-in capabilities for targeted surveillance, allowing federal agencies to selectively wiretap any telephone traffic; it has since been extended to cover broadband Internet and VoIP traffic. Some government agencies argue that it covers mass surveillance of communications rather than just tapping specific lines and that not all CALEA-based access requires a warrant. The original reason for adopting CALEA was the Federal Bur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synthetic Environment For Analysis And Simulations
Purdue University's Synthetic Environment for Analysis and Simulations, o SEAS is currently being used by Homeland Security and the US Defense Department to simulate crises on the US mainland.The Register article ''Sentient world: war games on the grandest scale'' published June 23, 2007 SEAS "enables researchers and organizations to try out their models or techniques in a publicly known, realistically detailed environment." /ref> It "is now capable of running real-time simulations for up to 62 nations, including Iraq, Afghanistan, and China. The simulations gobble up breaking news, census data, economic indicators, and climactic events in the real world, along with proprietary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sousveillance
Sousveillance ( ) is the recording of an activity by a member of the public, rather than a person or organisation in authority, typically by way of small wearable or portable personal technologies. The term, coined by Steve Mann, stems from the contrasting French words ''sur'', meaning "above", and ''sous'', meaning "below", i.e. " surveillance" denotes the " eye-in-the-sky" watching from above, whereas "sousveillance" denotes bring the means of observation down to human level, either physically (mounting cameras on people rather than on buildings) or hierarchically (ordinary people doing the watching, rather than higher authorities or architectures). While surveillance and sousveillance both usually refer to visual monitoring, they can denote other forms of monitoring such as audio surveillance or sousveillance. With audio (e.g. recording of phone conversations), sousveillance is sometimes referred to as "one party consent". Undersight (inverse oversight) is sousveillance at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PRISM (surveillance Program)
Prism usually refers to: * Prism (optics), a transparent optical component with flat surfaces that refract light * Prism (geometry), a kind of polyhedron Prism may also refer to: Science and mathematics * Prism (geology), a type of sedimentary deposit * Prism correction, a component of some eyeglass prescriptions Government * PRISM, a surveillance program run by the US National Security Agency * PRISM (website), an educational portal website for Indiana teachers * Oregon Performance Reporting Information System, a state agency Media and entertainment Publications * Prism (comics), a Marvel Comics character * '' Prism International'', a Canadian literary magazine * ''PRism'' (journal), an academic journal covering public relations * ''ASEE Prism'', the flagship publication of the American Society for Engineering Education * Prism Comics, an organization that supports LGBT people in the comics industry * ''The Prism Pentad'', a series of Dungeons & Dragons novels by Tro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information Exchange
The Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information Exchange Program, also known by the acronym MATRIX, was a U.S. federally funded data mining system originally developed for the Florida Department of Law Enforcement described as a tool to identify terrorist subjects. The system was reported to analyze government and commercial databases to find associations between suspects or to discover locations of or completely new "suspects". The database and technologies used in the system were housed by Seisint, a Florida-based company since acquired by Lexis Nexis. The Matrix program was shut down in June 2005 after federal funding was cut in the wake of public concerns over privacy and state surveillance. History Matrix was the brainchild of Hank Asher, a businessman in the data aggregation field. Asher reportedly contacted Florida police immediately after the September 11 terrorist attacks, claiming he could find the hijackers as well as other potential terrorists. Asher reportedly offered t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Surveillance
Mass surveillance is the intricate surveillance of an entire or a substantial fraction of a population in order to monitor that group of citizens. The surveillance is often carried out by local and federal governments or governmental organizations, such as organizations like the NSA, but it may also be carried out by corporations (either on behalf of governments or at their own initiative). Depending on each nation's laws and judicial systems, the legality of and the permission required to engage in mass surveillance varies. It is the single most indicative distinguishing trait of totalitarian regimes. It is also often distinguished from targeted surveillance. Mass surveillance has often been cited as necessary to fight terrorism, prevent crime and social unrest, protect national security, and control the population. At the same time, mass surveillance has equally often been criticized for violating privacy rights, limiting civil and political rights and freedoms, and being ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MALINTENT
MALINTENT is a technological system that was developed by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to be implemented for detection of potential terrorist suspects. The system does various test scanning for elevated blood pressure, rapid heart and breath rate, and non-verbal cues. According to the scientists, the MALINTENT system uses a barrage of non-invasive sensors and imagers to detect and evaluate a person's facial expressions to gauge whether the suspect could be planning to commit an attack or crime. If the sensors pick up anything considered alarming, analysts can decide whether to subject a person to questioning. See also * ADVISE * Information Awareness Office * MATRIX * ''Psycho-Pass ''Psycho-Pass'' (stylized as ''PSYCHO-PASS'') is a Japanese cyberpunk psychological thriller anime television series produced by Production I.G. It was co-directed by Naoyoshi Shiotani and Katsuyuki Motohiro and written by Gen Urobuchi ...'' * Surveillance References {{Ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intellipedia
Intellipedia is an online system for collaborative data sharing used by the United States Intelligence Community (IC). It was established as a pilot project in late 2005 and formally announced in April 2006. Intellipedia consists of three wikis running on the separate JWICS (Intellipedia-TS), SIPRNet (Intellipedia-S), and DNI-U (Intellipedia-U) networks. The levels of classification allowed for information on the three wikis are Top Secret Sensitive Compartmented Information (TS SCI), Secret (S), and Sensitive But Unclassified (SBU or FOUO) information, respectively. Each of the wikis is used by individuals with appropriate clearances from the 18 agencies of the US intelligence community and other national-security related organizations, including Combatant Commands and other federal departments. The wikis are not open to the public. Intellipedia is a project of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) Intelligence Community Enterprise Services ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Information Processing Technology Office
The Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO), originally "Command and Control Research",Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). ''Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet'' (p. 39). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition. was part of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of the United States Department of Defense. Origin According to an ARPA-sponsored history of the organization, IPTO grew from a distinctly unpromising beginning: the Air Force had a large, expensive computer ( AN/FSQ 321A) which was intended as a backup for the SAGE air defense program, but no longer needed; and it also had too few required tasks to maintain the desired staffing level at its main software contractor, the System Development Corporation (SDC). Accordingly, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering decided to capitalize on these "sunk costs" and SDC expertise by standing up an ARPA program in Command & Control Research. It was accordingly begun in June 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ECHELON
ECHELON, originally a secret government code name, is a surveillance program ( signals intelligence/SIGINT collection and analysis network) operated by the five signatory states to the UKUSA Security Agreement:Given the 5 dialects that use the terms, UKUSA can be pronounced from "You-Q-SA" to "Oo-Coo-SA", AUSCANNZUKUS can be pronounced from "Oz-Can-Zuke-Us" to "Orse-Can-Zoo-Cuss". :From Talk:UKUSA Agreement: "Per documents officially released by both the Government Communications Headquarters and the National Security Agency, this agreement is referred to as the UKUSA Agreement. This name is subsequently used by media sources reporting on the story, as written in new references used for the article. The NSA press release provides a pronunciation guide, indicating that "UKUSA" should not be read as two separate entities.(National Security Agency)" Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States, also known as the Five Eyes. Created in the late 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combat Zones That See
Combat Zones That See, or CTS, is a project of the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Wikisource:DARPA Solicitation Number SN03-13: Pre-Solicitation Notice: COMBAT ZONES THAT SEE (CTS) whose goal is to "track everything that moves" in a city by linking up a massive network of surveillance cameras to a centralized computer system. Artificial intelligence software will then identify and track all vehicle movement throughout the city. CTS is described by DARPA as intended for use in combat zones, to deter enemy attacks on United States troops and to identify and track enemy combatants who launch attacks against U.S. soldiers. Civil liberties activists and writers of dystopian fiction believe that such programs have great potential for privacy violations, and have openly opposed the project. See also *Information Awareness Office * Surveillance * VIRAT *Heterogenous Aerial Reconnaissance Team The Heterogeneous Aerial Reconnaissance Team (HART)—formerl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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