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German Mark
The Deutsche Mark (; "German mark"), abbreviated "DM" or "D-Mark" (), was the official currency of West Germany from 1948 until 1990 and later of unified Germany from 1990 until the adoption of the euro in 2002. In English, it was typically called the "Deutschmark" ( ). One Deutsche Mark was divided into 100 pfennigs. It was first issued under Allied occupation in 1948 to replace the Reichsmark and served as the Federal Republic of Germany's official currency from its founding the following year. On 31 December 1998, the Council of the European Union fixed the irrevocable exchange rate, effective 1 January 1999, for German mark to euros as DM 1.95583 = €1. In 1999, the Deutsche Mark was replaced by the euro; its coins and banknotes remained in circulation, defined in terms of euros, until the introduction of euro notes and coins on 1 January 2002. The Deutsche Mark ceased to be legal tender immediately upon the introduction of the euro—in contrast to the other euro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trizone
The Bizone () or Bizonia was the combination of the United States, American and the British occupation zone in Germany, British occupation zones on 1 January 1947 during the Allied-occupied Germany, occupation of Germany after World War II. With the addition of the France, French occupation zone on 1 August 1948J. Robert Wegs & Robert Ladrech (1996). ''Europe since 1945: a concise history''. New York. the entity became the Trizone (; sometimes jokingly called Trizonesia (, )). Later, on 23 May 1949, the Trizone became the Federal Republic of Germany, commonly known as West Germany. History Division of Germany into occupation zones At the conclusion of World War II, the Allies began organising their respective occupation zones in Germany. The easternmost lands were permanently annexed to either Poland or the Soviet Union. The lands that were to remain "German" were divided four ways: The Americans occupied the South, the British the West and North, France the South-West, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian Lev
The ''lev'' (, plural: / , ; ISO 4217 code: BGN; numeric code: 975) is the currency of Bulgaria. In old Bulgarian, the word ''lev'' meant "lion"; the word "lion" in the modern language is ''lаv'' (; in Bulgarian: ). The lev is divided in 100 ''stotinki'' (, singular: , ). ''Stotinka'' in Bulgarian means "a hundredth" and in fact is a translation of the French term "centime." Grammatically, the word ''stotinka'' comes from the word "sto" (сто; a hundred). Since 1997, the lev has been in a currency board arrangement, initially with the Deutsche Mark at a fixed rate of BGL 1000 to DEM 1. After the introduction of the euro and the redenomination of the lev in 1999, this has resulted in a fixed rate to the euro of BGN 1.95583 : EUR 1. Since 2020, the lev has been a part of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II). In November 2023, Bulgarian euro coin designs were revealed and approved by the Bulgarian National Bank. Bulgaria will replace the Bulgarian lev with the euro on 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total population of over 84 million in an area of , making it the most populous member state of the European Union. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The Capital of Germany, nation's capital and List of cities in Germany by population, most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Settlement in the territory of modern Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various tribes inhabiting it from the Neolithic onward, chiefly the Celts. Various Germanic peoples, Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Germany
West Germany was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. It is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic after its capital city of Bonn, or as the Second German Republic. During the Cold War, the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin were parts of the Western Bloc. West Germany was formed as a political entity during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, established from 12 States of Germany, states formed in the three Allied zones of occupation held by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. At the onset of the Cold War, Europe was divided between the Western and Eastern Bloc, Eastern blocs. Germany was divided into the two countries. Initially, West Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany, representing itself as the sole democratically reorganised continuation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Currency
A currency is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a ''system of money'' in common use within a specific environment over time, especially for people in a nation state. Under this definition, the British Pound sterling (£), euros (€), Japanese yen (¥), and U.S. dollars (US$) are examples of (government-issued) fiat currencies. Currencies may act as stores of value and be traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are either chosen by users or decreed by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance; i.e., legal tender laws may require a particular unit of account for payments to government agencies. Other definitions of the term ''currency'' appear in the respective synonymous articles: banknote, coin, and money. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark (currency)
The mark was a currency or unit of account in many states. It is named for the mark unit of weight. The word ''mark'' comes from a merging of three Germanic words, Latinised in 9th-century post-classical Latin as ', ', ' or '. It was a measure of weight mainly for gold and silver, commonly used throughout Europe and often equivalent to . Considerable variations, however, occurred throughout the Middle Ages. the only circulating currency named "mark" is the Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark. List of currencies named "mark" or similar "Mark" can refer * to one of the following historical German currencies: ** Since the 11th century: the , used in the Electorate of Cologne; ** 1319: the , minted and used by the North German Hanseatic city of Stralsund and various towns in Pomerania; ** 1502: the , a uniform coinage for the '' Wends'' () Hanseatic cities of Lübeck, Hamburg, Wismar, Lüneburg, Rostock, Stralsund, Anklam, among others, who joined the Wends Coinage Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Staatliche Münzen Baden-Württemberg
The () is a coin mint in Germany, producing coins of the euro currency. It was established in 1998 as the result of a merger between the Karlsruhe and Stuttgart mints. Nonwithstanding the merger, the two formerly separate mints have retained their respective mint marks: 'F' for Stuttgart and 'G' for Karlsruhe. The has been chosen by the Latvian government to mint its euro coins, since Latvia joined the eurozone on 1 January 2014. See also * Latvia and the euro * * * Bavarian Central Mint *Euro The euro (currency symbol, symbol: euro sign, €; ISO 4217, currency code: EUR) is the official currency of 20 of the Member state of the European Union, member states of the European Union. This group of states is officially known as the ... * Coin mint References {{DEFAULTSORT:Staatliche Munzen Baden-Wurttemberg Mints of Germany Economy of Baden-Württemberg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Staatliche Münze Berlin
The () is a European coin mint located in the city of Berlin. It is one of the four German coin mints, the others being the , the Bavarian State Mint, and the . The produces a fifth of all German coins. The first mention of a Berlin mint dates back to a document from 1280. In 1750 and 1764, Frederick II of Prussia enacted coin reforms-supported by mint master Johann Philipp Graumann. Control of the Prussian mint industry was turned over from semi-private enterprises to the crown. During these reforms. the Berlin mint received the "A" mint mark which continues to be used today. The German mint system was established in 1871 with the German Coinage Act. Rather than one common national mint, mints were established in Berlin, Hamburg ("J"), Karlsruhe ("G"), Munich ("D"), and Stuttgart ("F"). In recent history several other mints operated in Germany. These, along with their mint marks, were as follows: Hannover "B" 1866–1874, Vienna "B" 1938–1944, Frankfurt "C" 1866–1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamburgische Münze
The is a European coin mint located in the city of Hamburg. It is one of the four German coin mints, the others being the , the Bavarian State Mint, and the . The earliest coins minted by the are dated 834 CE, making it the oldest mint in Germany currently in operation. Since 1875 CE, all coins minted at the have had a 'J' mint mark stamped on them for tracing purposes. See also * * Bavarian Central Mint * *Euro * Coin mint *Hamburg Hamburg (, ; ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,. is the List of cities in Germany by population, second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 7th-lar ... References External links Official website (German)former Official website (English) {{DEFAULTSORT:Hamburgische Munze Mints of Germany Economy of Hamburg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mint Mark
A mint mark is a letter, symbol or an inscription on a coin indicating the mint where the coin was produced. It is distinct from a mintmaster mark, the mark of the mintmaster. History Mint marks were first developed to locate a problem. If a coin was underweight, or overweight, the mint mark would immediately tell where the coin was minted, and the problem could be located and fixed. Another problem which could occur would be a dishonest mint official debasing the coin, or putting less precious metal in the coin than specified. The first mint marks, called "Magistrate Marks" were developed by the Greeks, and named the Magistrate in charge of producing that coin. Debasing a coin, or otherwise tampering with it, was a very serious crime, often punishable by death in many civilizations. For example, in 1649, the directors of the Spanish colonial American Mint at Potosí, in what is today Bolivia, were condemned to death for seriously debasing the coinage. The initials of the ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavarian Central Mint
The Bavarian State Mint is a European mint located in the city of Munich. It is one of the four German coin mints, the others being the , the , and the . All coins from the BCM contain a 'D' mint mark for tracking purposes. The Bavarian State Mint has been in operation since 1871 CE. See also * * * *Euro *Bavaria Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a States of Germany, state in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the list of German states by area, largest German state by land area, comprising approximately 1/5 of the total l ... () External links Official website (in English) {{Coord, 48.1387, N, 11.6437, E, source:wikidata, display=title Mints of Germany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giesecke & Devrient
Giesecke+Devrient GmbH (G+D) is a German international security technology company operating in the fields of Computer security, digital security, financial platforms, and currency technology. Founded in 1852, the company evolved from a manufacturer of banknotes, substrates, banknote processing machines, securities, ID documents (such as Identity document, national ID cards and passports), and payment cards to a provider of security technologies in payment systems, identities, connectivity, and digital infrastructures. The company’s headquarters are located in Munich. G+D operates in 40 countries worldwide and achieved sales of €2.97 billion in 2023. As of 2024, the company produces banknotes for 145 central banks globally. History Foundation Founded in 1852 by Hermann Giesecke (1831–1900) and Alphonse Devrient (1821–1878), the firm initially specialized in high-quality printing, notably currency and securities printing. Two years after its founding, G+D printed it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
