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German New Wave
New German Cinema () is a period in West German cinema which lasted from 1962 to 1982, in which a new generation of directors emerged who, working with low budgets, and influenced by the French New Wave and Italian Neorealism, gained notice by producing a number of "small" motion pictures that caught the attention of art house audiences. These filmmakers included Percy Adlon, Harun Farocki, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Peter Fleischmann, Werner Herzog, Alexander Kluge, Ulli Lommel, Wolfgang Petersen, Volker Schlöndorff, Helma Sanders-Brahms, Werner Schroeter, Hans-Jürgen Syberberg, Margarethe von Trotta and Wim Wenders. As a result of the attention they garnered, they were able (particularly in the case of Wenders, Petersen, and Schlöndorff) to create better-financed productions which were backed by the big US studios. However, most of these larger films were commercial failures and the movement was heavily dependent on subsidies. By 1977, 80% of a budget for a typical Wes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Germany
West Germany was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. It is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic after its capital city of Bonn, or as the Second German Republic. During the Cold War, the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin were parts of the Western Bloc. West Germany was formed as a political entity during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, established from 12 States of Germany, states formed in the three Allied zones of occupation held by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. At the onset of the Cold War, Europe was divided between the Western and Eastern Bloc, Eastern blocs. Germany was divided into the two countries. Initially, West Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany, representing itself as the sole democratically reorganised continuation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margarethe Von Trotta
Margarethe von Trotta (; born 21 February 1942)Hans Helmut Prinzler, ''Chronik des deutschen Films, 1895–1994'' (Stuttgart and Weimar: Verlag J. B. Metzler, 1995), p. 149. is a German film director, screenwriter, and actress. She has been referred to as a "leading force" of the New German Cinema movement.Margarethe von Trotta at European Graduate School. Retrieved 14 May 2010. Von Trotta's extensive body of work has won awards internationally. "Birds Eye View: Filmmaker Focus: Margarethe Von Trotta." 2011 Film Festival: Celebrating Women Filmmakers. Birds Eye View. Web. 2 May 2012. She was married to and collaborated with director [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franz-Josef Spieker
Franz-Josef Spieker (24 November 1933, Paderborn – 18 March 1978, near Bali) was a German filmmaker. Spieker studied theater and literary sciences at the DIFF (German Institute for Film and Television) in Munich. He worked as a photojournalist and film critic and later became an assistant director of Géza von Radványi in 1957, Stanley Kubrick ('' Paths of Glory'') and Douglas Sirk, as a production and editing assistant. In 1958, he shot his first short film, and in 1962, he signed the Oberhausen Manifesto. In the same year, he participated in the anthology film ' (''Look After Your Daughters''), a predecessor to the sex report film, with the producer Walter Koppel wanting to win over the signatories of the Manifesto. Spieker became famous in 1967 with his first full-length feature film ', a satire on stubbornness, which made him a hope-bearer of New German Cinema. The satire on Bundeswehr, ' and the social satire ', while still acclaimed, but was not as popular as ''Wild ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haro Senft
Haro Senft (27 September 1928, Budweis, Czechoslovakia (now České Budějovice, Czech Republic – 4 February 2016, Munich) was a German filmmaker who was one of the founders of the New German Cinema movement. His short documentary film '' Kahl'' about the Kahl Nuclear Power Plant received an Academy Award for Documentary Short Subject nomination in 1961. In 2013, he received the Berlinale Camera award at the Berlin International Film Festival The Berlin International Film Festival (), usually called the Berlinale (), is an annual film festival held in Berlin, Germany. Founded in 1951 and originally run in June, the festival has been held every February since 1978 and is one of Europ .... Selected filmography * '' Kahl'' (1961, short documentary) * '' The Smooth Career'' (1967) * ' (1971) * ' (1978) * ''Jacob hinter der blauen Tür'' (1987) * ''Lebewohl, Fremde'' (1991) References External links *Filmmaker's website(in German) 1928 births 2016 deaths German cin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oberhausen Manifesto
The Oberhausen Manifesto was a declaration by a group of 26 young West German filmmakers at the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia on 28 February 1962. The manifesto was a call to arms to establish a "new estGerman feature film". It was initiated by Haro Senft and among the signatories were the directors Alexander Kluge and Edgar Reitz. The manifesto was associated with the motto ''"Papas Kino ist tot"'' (Papa's cinema is dead), although this phrase does not appear in the manifesto itself. History By the late 1950s West German screens were dominated by commercially safe Heimatfilme, lightweight comedies and musicals, leading many observers to complain of creative stagnation despite respectable box-office returns. The crisis became undeniable in 1961, when no domestic production was deemed worthy of the Bundesfilmpreis, prompting the federal interior minister to lament a “short, shallow flowering of tear-jerking entertainment.” Against thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filmverlag Der Autoren
''Filmverlag der Autoren'' is a German film distributor that was founded in 1971 to help finance and distribute independent films by German ''Autorenfilm'' directors, who are renowned for predominantly adapting their own screenplays. Called "The Flagship", many directors of the '' New German Cinema'' movement were associated with Filmverlag der Autoren, such as Werner Herzog, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Wim Wenders, Percy Adlon, and Alexander Kluge, whose films were produced and distributed by the company, and many of whom were members of the ''Filmverlag'' board. History 1970s Efforts to found the ''Filmverlag'' had resulted from recurring frustrations the directors had faced in acquiring funding for their politically and aesthetically ambitious films. They had felt that in the established system which was partly commercially oriented, partly stately-funded, the usual means of achieving funding were too limiting, gave them little control over their own work, or just did not all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Film Studio
A film studio (also known as movie studio or simply studio) is a major entertainment company that makes films. Today, studios are mostly financing and distribution entities. In addition, they may have their own studio facility or facilities; however, most firms in the entertainment industry have never had their own studios, but have rented space from other companies instead. Day-to-day filming operations are generally handled by a production company subsidiary. Another type of company is an independently owned studio facility, which does not produce motion pictures by itself; such facilities only sell studio space. Beginnings In 1893, Thomas Edison built the first movie studio in the United States: he constructed the Black Maria, a tarpaper-covered structure near his laboratories in West Orange, New Jersey, and he asked circus, vaudeville, and dramatic actors to perform for the camera. He distributed these movies at vaudeville theaters, penny arcades, wax museums, and fair ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Percy Adlon
Paul Rudolf Parsifal "Percy" Adlon (; 1 June 1935 – 10 March 2024) was a German director, screenwriter, and producer. He is associated with the New German Cinema movement (ca. 1965–1985), and is known for his strong female characters and positive portrayals of lesbian relationships. He is best known for his 1987 film '' Bagdad Cafe'', starring Marianne Sägebrecht, CCH Pounder and Jack Palance and subsequent films such as '' Rosalie Goes Shopping'' (1989), '' Salmonberries'' (1991) and '' Younger and Younger'' (1993). Adlon's films were shown in competition regularly at international film festivals, such as the Cannes Film Festival, the Berlin International Film Festival, and others. Early life Adlon was born on June 1, 1935 in Munich, Germany. He grew up in Ammerland, Starnberger See. He studied art, theater history, and German literature at Munich's Ludwig-Maximilian University; took acting and singing classes; and was a member of a student theater group. Career Adlo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Art Film
An art film, arthouse film, or specialty film is an independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience. It is "intended to be a serious, artistic work, often experimental and not designed for mass appeal", "made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit", and containing "unconventional or highly symbolic content". Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing "formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films". These qualities can include (among other elements) a sense of social realism; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director; and a focus on the thoughts, dreams, or motivations of characters, as opposed to the unfolding of a clear, goal-driven story. Film scholars David Bordwell and Barry Keith Grant describe art cinema as "a film genre, with its own distinct conventions". Art film producers usually present their films at special theaters (repertory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Neorealism
Italian neorealism (), also known as the Golden Age of Italian Cinema, was a national film movement characterized by stories set amongst the poor and the working class. They are filmed on location, frequently with non-professional actors. They primarily address the difficult economic and moral conditions of post-World War II Italy, representing changes in the Italian psyche and conditions of everyday life, including poverty, oppression, injustice and desperation. Italian Neorealist filmmakers used their films to tell stories that explored the contemporary daily life and struggles of Italians in the post-war period. Italian neorealist films have become explanatory discourse for future generations to understand the history of Italy during a specific period through the storytelling of social life in the context, reflecting the documentary and communicative nature of the film. Some people believe that neorealistic films evolved from Soviet montage films. But in reality, compared to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cinema Of Germany
The film industry in Germany can be traced back to the late 19th century. German cinema made major technical and artistic contributions to early film, broadcasting and television technology. Babelsberg Studio, Babelsberg became a household synonym for the early 20th century film industry in Europe, similar to Hollywood later. German expressionist cinema, Early German and German-speaking filmmakers and actors heavily contributed to Classical Hollywood, early Hollywood. Germany witnessed major changes to its identity during the 20th and 21st century. Those changes determined the periodisation of national cinema into a succession of distinct eras and movements. History 1895–1918 German Empire The history of cinema in Germany can be traced back to the years of the medium's birth. Ottomar Anschütz held the first showing of life sized pictures in motion on 25 November 1894 at the Postfuhramt in Berlin. On 1 November 1895, Max Skladanowsky and his brother Emil demonstrated their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classical Hollywood Cinema
In film criticism, Classical Hollywood cinema is both a narrative and visual style of filmmaking that first developed in the 1910s to 1920s during the later years of the Silent film#Silent film era, silent film era. It then became characteristic of Cinema of the United States, United States cinema during the Golden Age of Hollywood from about 1927, with the advent of sound film, until the arrival of New Hollywood productions in the 1960s. It eventually became the most powerful and persuasive style of filmmaking worldwide. Similar or associated terms include classical Hollywood narrative, the Golden Age of Hollywood, Old Hollywood, and classical continuity. The period is also referred to as the studio era, which may also include films of the late silent era. History Silent era and emergence of the classical style For millennia, the only visual standard of narrative storytelling art was the theatre. Since the first narrative films in the mid-late 1890s, filmmakers have sought to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
