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Gaston Doumergue
Pierre Paul Henri Gaston Doumergue (; 1 August 1863 in Aigues-Vives, Gard18 June 1937 in Aigues-Vives) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1924 to 1931. Tasked with important ministerial portfolios, he was first appointed President of the Council of Ministers in 1913, but was forced to leave power a few months after his appointment. He was elected as President of the Senate in 1923. At the end of his mandate as President of France, refusing to compete against his eventual successor, Doumergue retired, but chaired a government of national unity during the crisis created by the riots of 6 February 1934. Early life and career Protestant origins Gaston Doumergue came from a Protestant family. His father, Pierre Doumergue, was a vigneron in Aigues-Vives. His mother, Françoise Pattus, raised him in the Protestant faith and the admiration of republican ideas. He was also the great-uncle of playwright Colette Audry and filmmaker Jacqueline Audry. A b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of France
The president of France, officially the president of the French Republic (), is the executive head of state of France, and the commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces. As the presidency is the supreme magistracy of the country, the position is the highest office in France. The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, in addition to their relation with the prime minister and government of France, have over time differed with the various constitutional documents since the Second Republic. The president of the French Republic is the co-prince of Andorra, grand master of the Legion of Honour and of the National Order of Merit. The officeholder is also honorary proto-canon of the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome, although some have rejected the title in the past. The current president is Emmanuel Macron, who succeeded François Hollande on 14 May 2017 following the 2017 presidential election, and was inaugurated for a second term on 7 May ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandre Ribot
Alexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot (; 7 February 184213 January 1923) was a French politician, four times Prime Minister. Early life and early career Ribot was born on 7 February 1842, in Saint-Omer. After graduating from the University of Paris, where he was ''lauréat'' of the faculty of law, he was admitted to the bar. He was secretary of the conference of advocates and one of the founders of the ''Sociéte de legislation comparée''. In 1875 and 1876, he was director of criminal affairs and secretary-general at the ministry of justice. Representative In 1877, he entered politics, becoming a member of the committee of legal resistance during the Broglie ministry; in 1878, he returned to the chamber as a moderate republican member for Boulogne, in his native ''département'' of Pas-de-Calais. His impassioned yet reasoned eloquence gave him an influence which was increased by his articles in the ''Parlement'' in which he opposed violent measures against the unauthorized congregat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fayard
Fayard (complete name: ''Librairie Arthème Fayard'') is a French Paris-based publishing house established in 1857. Fayard is controlled by Hachette Livre. In 1999, Éditions Pauvert became part of Fayard. Claude Durand was director of Fayard from 1980 until his retirement in 2009. He was replaced by Olivier Nora, previously head of Éditions Grasset & Fasquelle another division of the Hachette group. On 6 November 2013, Nora was replaced by Sophie de Closets, who officially took over at the beginning of 2014. In December 2009, Hachette Littérature (publisher of the ''Pluriel'' pocket collection) was absorbed by Fayard. Isabelle Seguin, the director of Hachette Littérature, became literary director of Fayard. Imprints Fayard has three imprints: * Editions Mille et Une Nuits * Editions Mazarine * Pauvert Works published Works published by Editions Fayard include: *''Dictionnaire de la France médiévale'' by French historian Jean Favier * ''Les Égarés'' by French writ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colette Audry
Colette Audry (6 July 1906 – 20 October 1990) was a French novelist, screenwriter, and critic. Audry was born in Orange, Vaucluse. She won the Prix Médicis for the autobiographical novel Derrière la baignoire (Behind the Bathtub). As a screenwriter she first gained acclaim for ''The Battle for the Railway'' and also wrote for her sister Jacqueline. In politics she was a member of the Anti-Stalinist left (she was a member of the Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party) and an associate to Simone de Beauvoir. She died at Issy-les-Moulineaux, aged 84. Biography Born into a Protestantism family that had distanced itself from religion, Colette Audry's mother was Inès Combes, grand-niece of Gaston Doumergue. After her father, Charles Audry, who was close to socialist circles, joined the prefectural administration, she and her younger sister Jacqueline Audry spent part of their childhood in various postings: first in Nice, then in Ardèche in 1914, and finally in Côtes-du-Nord in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vigneron
A winemaker or vintner is a person engaged in winemaking. They are generally employed by wineries or wine companies, where their work includes: *Cooperating with viticulturists *Monitoring the maturity of grapes to ensure their quality and to determine the correct time for harvest *Crushing and pressing grapes *Monitoring the settling of juice and the fermentation of grape material * Filtering the wine to remove remaining solids *Testing the quality of wine by tasting *Placing filtered wine in casks or tanks for storage and maturation *Preparing plans for bottling wine once it has matured *Making sure that quality is maintained when the wine is bottled Today, these duties require an increasing amount of scientific knowledge, since laboratory tests are gradually supplementing or replacing traditional methods. Winemakers can also be referred to as oenologists as they study oenology – the science of wine. Vintner A vintner is a wine merchant. In some modern use, particular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestantism In France
Protestantism in France has existed in its various forms, starting with Calvinism and Lutheranism since the Protestant Reformation. John Calvin was a Frenchman, as were numerous other Protestant Reformers including William Farel, Pierre Viret and Theodore Beza, who was Calvin's successor in Geneva. Peter Waldo (Pierre Vaudes/de Vaux) was a merchant from Lyon, who founded a pre-Protestant group, the Waldensians. Martin Bucer was born a German in Alsace, which historically belonged to the Holy Roman Empire, but now belongs to France. Hans J. Hillerbrand in his ''Encyclopedia of Protestantism'' claims the Huguenots reached as much as 15% of the French population on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, declining to 10-12% by the end of the 16th century, and further after heavy persecution began once again with the revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV. Protestants were granted a degree of religious freedom following the Edict of Nantes, but it ceased with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Doumergue may refer to: * Émile Doumergue (1844–1937), French scholar of John Calvin *François Doumergue (1858–1938), French naturalist **Doumergue's fringe-fingered lizard, a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae ** Doumergue's skink, a species of skink in the family Scincidae *Gaston Doumergue Pierre Paul Henri Gaston Doumergue (; 1 August 1863 in Aigues-Vives, Gard18 June 1937 in Aigues-Vives) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1924 to 1931. Tasked with important ministerial portfolios, he was first appo ... (1863–1937), French politician and President of France See also * Domergue {{surname, Doumergue Occitan-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6 February 1934 Crisis
The 6 February 1934 crisis (also known as the Veterans' Riot) was an anti-parliamentarist street demonstration in Paris, organized by multiple far-right leagues that culminated in a riot on the Place de la Concorde, near the building used for the French National Assembly. The police shot and killed 17 people, nine of whom were far-right protesters. It was one of the major political crises during the Third Republic (1870–1940). Leftist Frenchmen claimed it was an attempt to organize a fascist ''coup d'état''. According to historian Joel Colton, "The consensus among scholars is that there was no concerted or unified design to seize power and that the leagues lacked the coherence, unity, or leadership to accomplish such an end." As a result of the actions of that day, several anti-fascist organizations were created, such as the '' Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes'', in an attempt to thwart fascism in France. After World War II, several historians, among the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of The Senate
President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer of a senate. It corresponds to the Speaker (politics), speaker in some other assemblies. The senate president often ranks high in a jurisdiction's Order of succession, succession for its top executive office: for example, the president of the Senate of Nigeria is second in line for series to the presidency, after only the Vice President of Nigeria, vice president of the Federal Republic, while in France, which has no vice president, the List of Presidents of the French Senate, Senate president is first in line to succeed to the President of France, presidential powers and duties. In the absence of the president of the senate, the senate is presided over by a president pro tempore, who is considered the highest-ranking among senators. Africa Burundi The president of the Senate of Burundi, since 17 August 2005, is Molly Beamer of the National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Dem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of The Council Of Ministers
The president of the Council of Ministers (sometimes titled chairman of the Council of Ministers) is the most senior member of the cabinet in the executive branch of government in some countries. Some presidents of the Council of Ministers are the heads of government, and thus are informally referred to as a prime minister or premier. Countries currently using the title * Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina * President of the Council of Ministers of Italy * President of the Council of Ministers of Peru * President of the Council of Ministers of Poland * President of the Council of Ministers of Togo In supranational organisation * Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union State of Russia and Belarus Countries that previously used the title * President of the Council of Ministers (Empire of Brazil) (1847–1889) * President of the Council of Ministers (United States of Brazil) (1961–1963) * Chairmen of the Council of Ministe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radical Party (France)
The Radical Party (, ), officially the Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party ( ), is a Liberalism and radicalism in France, liberal and Social liberalism, social-liberal List of political parties in France, political party in France. Since 1971, to prevent confusion with the Radical Party of the Left (PRG), it has also been referred to as ''Parti radical valoisien'', after its headquarters on the rue de Valois. The party's name has been variously abbreviated to PRRRS, Rad, PR and PRV. Founded in 1901, the PR is the oldest active political party in France. Coming from the Liberalism and radicalism in France#The Radical tradition, Radical Republican tradition, the PR upheld the principles of private property, social justice and secularism. The Radicals were originally a left-wing group, but, starting with the emergence of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905, they shifted gradually towards the political centre. In 1926, its right-wing split o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Paris
The University of Paris (), known Metonymy, metonymically as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated with the cathedral school of Paris, it was considered the List of medieval universities, second-oldest university in Europe.Charles Homer Haskins: ''The Rise of Universities'', Henry Holt and Company, 1923, p. 292. Officially chartered in 1200 by Philip II of France, King Philip II and recognised in 1215 by Pope Innocent III, it was nicknamed after its theological College of Sorbonne, founded by Robert de Sorbon and chartered by King Louis IX around 1257. Highly reputed internationally for its academic performance in the humanities ever since the Middle Ages – particularly in theology and philosophy – it introduced academic standards and traditions that have endured and spread, such as Doctor (title), doctoral degrees and student nations. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
