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Galeyi Beygurt
Galeyi Beygurt (), also known as Galey-Bughurt () or simply Bughurt fortress () is a historic monument located 20 km north-east of the center of Shamakhi city. Location The fortress is located at the summit of the mountain near Galeybughurd village and 1,600 meters above the sea level. The mountain, where the fortress is located is surrounded by Maiden Tower and Cangi mountain from the south, Tana mountain and the Alchalı Pir forest from the east, Mount Ulguc from the north and Galadarasi from the west. History It is unknown when the fortress was built.''Ciddi H.'Buğurt qalası / elmi red. R. Vahidov. - Baku : Azərnəşr, 1973. – p. 16 It is believed that the history of the fortress dates back to XIII century. It is often referred to in the sources of the XV century. During Shirvanshahs The fortress was a shelter for Shirvanshah during Mongol conquest. It was also used during the period of Shirvanshah Kequbad and Kavus. When Shah Ismayil attacked Shirvan in 1509, Shi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fortress
A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ("strong") and ("to make"). From very early history to modern times, defensive walls have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest. Some settlements in the Indus Valley Civilization were the first small cities to be fortified. In ancient Greece, large cyclopean stone walls fitted without mortar had been built in Mycenaean Greece, such as the ancient site of Mycenae. A Greek '' phrourion'' was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military garrison, and is the equivalent of the Roman castellum or fortress. These constructions mainly served the purpose of a watch tower, to guard certain roads, passes, and borders. Though smaller than a real fortress, they acted as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safavid
The Guarded Domains of Iran, commonly called Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire, was one of the largest and longest-lasting Iranian empires. It was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder empires. The Safavid Shāh Ismā'īl I established the Twelver denomination of Shīʿa Islam as the official religion of the empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. An Iranian dynasty rooted in the Sufi Safavid order founded by sheikhs claimed by some sources to be of Kurdish origin, it heavily intermarried with Turkoman, Georgian, Circassian, and Pontic GreekAnthony Bryer. "Greeks and Türkmens: The Pontic Exception", ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 29'' (1975), Appendix II "Genealogy of the Muslim Marriages of the Princesses of Trebizond" dignitaries and was Turkish-speaking and Turkified;, "The origins of the Safavids are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castles And Fortresses In Azerbaijan
A castle is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders. Scholars usually consider a ''castle'' to be the private fortified residence of a lord or noble. This is distinct from a mansion, palace, and villa, whose main purpose was exclusively for ''pleasance'' and are not primarily fortresses but may be fortified. Use of the term has varied over time and, sometimes, has also been applied to structures such as hill forts and 19th- and 20th-century homes built to resemble castles. Over the Middle Ages, when genuine castles were built, they took on a great many forms with many different features, although some, such as curtain walls, arrowslits, and portcullises, were commonplace. European-style castles originated in the 9th and 10th centuries after the fall of the Carolingian Empire, which resulted in its territory being divided among individual lords and princes. These nobles built castles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdollah Khan Ustajlu
Abdollah Khan Ustajlu (died 1566/67) was a high-ranking Iranian dignitary of Ustajlu Turkoman origin, who served during the reign of king (''shah'') Tahmasp I (1524-1576). He successively held the posts of '' amir al-omarāʾ'' (commander-in-chief) and ''divanbegi'' (chancellor, chief justice), before becoming the governor of Shirvan from 1549 until 1565 or 1566. Biography Abdollah Khan was a son of Qara Khan Ustajlu by his wife, a sister of king Ismail I (r. 1501-1524), and was thus a nephew of Shah Ismail. He married a Safavid princess himself as well, a daughter of Ismail I with the name of Pari Khan Khanum. In 1549, having already served as ''amir-al-omarāʾ'' and ''divanbegi'', he was appointed governor of Shirvan, a post he held for numerous years. in 1562-1563, Abdollah Khan sent envoys to the capital of the Russian Tsardom, Moscow, to conduct discussions about trade. In the 1560s, Abdollah Khan granted the Muscovy Company trading privileges, whose mission to Safavid Ira ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suleiman The Magnificent
Suleiman I (; , ; 6 November 14946 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in the Western world and as Suleiman the Lawgiver () in his own realm, was the List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman sultan between 1520 and his death in 1566. Under his administration, the Ottoman Empire ruled over at least 25 million people. After succeeding his father Selim I on 30 September 1520, Suleiman began his reign by launching military campaigns against the Christendom, Christian powers of Central and Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean; Siege of Belgrade (1521), Belgrade fell to him in 1521 and Siege of Rhodes (1522), Rhodes in 1522–1523, and at Battle of Mohács, Mohács in 1526, Suleiman broke the strength of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages, Kingdom of Hungary. Presiding over the apex of the Ottoman Empire's economic, military, and political strength, Suleiman rose to become a prominent monarch of 16th-century Europe, as he personally led Arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tahmasp I
Tahmasp I ( or ; 22 February 1514 – 14 May 1576) was the second shah of Safavid Iran from 1524 until his death in 1576. He was the eldest son of Shah Ismail I and his principal consort, Tajlu Khanum. Tahmasp ascended the throne after the death of his father on 23 May 1524. The first years of Tahmasp's reign were marked by civil wars between the Qizilbash leaders until 1532, when he asserted his authority and began an absolute monarchy. He soon faced a long-lasting war with the Ottoman Empire, which was divided into three phases. The Ottoman sultan, Suleiman the Magnificent, tried to install his own candidates on the Safavid throne. The war ended with the Peace of Amasya in 1555, with the Ottomans gaining sovereignty over Iraq, much of Kurdistan, and western Georgia. Tahmasp also had conflicts with the Uzbeks of Bukhara over Khorasan, with them repeatedly raiding Herat. In 1528, at the age of fourteen, he defeated the Uzbeks in the Battle of Jam by using artillery. Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iskandar Beg Munshi
Iskandar Beg Munshi (; 1561/62 – 1633/34) was an IranianPaulina Kewes, Ian W. Archer, Felicity Heal. The Oxford Handbook of Holinshed's Chronicles. — Oxford University Press, 2013. — P. 256. court scribe and chronicler, who is principally known for his historical book of '' Tarikh-e Alam-ara-ye Abbasi'' ("The world-adorning history of Abbas"), which focuses on early Safavid history, especially the reign of Shah Abbas I (). Life Iskandar Beg was born in 1561 or 1562. He belonged to a Turkoman clan which was part of the Qizilbash, a militant Shia group that had helped the Safavids establish their rule. Even though Iskandar Beg came from a Qizilbash family and was affiliated with the military elite of the Safavids, both he and his elder brother Faraj (Farrukh?) Beg joined the bureaucracy instead. Iskandar Beg served as Mirza Ata-Allah Isfahani's pupil scribe during the later rule of Shah Tahmasp I (). Iskandar Beg died in 1633 or 1634. Work Iskandar Beg's ''Tarikh-e Ala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahrukh Of Shirvan
Shahrukh () was the last Shirvanshah, governing Shirvan under Safavid suzerainty from 1535 to 1538. After persistent disloyalty, the Safavid ''shah'' (king) Tahmasp I () expelled him, and made Shirvan a full administrative subunit of Safavid Iran. Subsequently, he appointed his brother Alqas Mirza as its governor. A reconquest of Shirvan was attempted multiple times by members of the Shirvanshah family, including Burhan Ali and his son Abu Bakr Mirza, who enlisted the help of the Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr .... However, none of these attempts had long-term success; the Ottomans managed to briefly occupy Shirvan between 1578–1607, until it was retaken by the Safavids. References Sources * * Shirvanshahs Year of birth unknown ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alqas Mirza
Abu'l Ghazi Sultan Alqas Mirza (), better known as Alqas Mirza (; 15 March 1516 – 9 April 1550), was a Safavid prince and the second surviving son of king (shah) Ismail I (r. 1501–1524). In early 1546, with Ottoman help, he staged a revolt against his brother Tahmasp I (r. 1524–1576), who was king at the time. Early life Alqas Mirza was born on 15 March 1516 (10 Safar 922 AH) in a winter camp near Tabriz as Shah Ismail's third son. According to a source, his name was a word play on ''Qisas'' (retaliation) referring to a desire to beat Ottomans back after Battle of Chaldiran. According to ''Tāriḵ-e Rawżat al-ṣafā-ye nāṣeri'' by Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat, he was born as soon as the news of Selim I's death reached Safavid realm. His mother was Khanbegi khanum Mawsillu, daughter of Sufi Khalil Beg Mawsillu. His military career started as early as in 1528, participating in Battle of Jam (near Zurabad) against Uzbeks. At the age of 16, he was trusted with the governor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shirvan
Shirvan (from ; ; Tat: ''Şirvan'') is a historical region in the eastern Caucasus, as known in both pre-Islamic Sasanian and Islamic times. Today, the region is an industrially and agriculturally developed part of the Republic of Azerbaijan that stretches between the western shores of the Caspian Sea and the Kura River, centered on the Shirvan Plain. History Etymology Vladimir Minorsky believes that names such as Sharvān (Shirwān), Lāyzān and Baylaqān are Iranian names from the Iranian languages of the coast of the Caspian Sea. There are several explanations about this name: * Shirvan or Sharvan are corrupted forms of the word "Shahrbān" () which means "the governor". The word "Shahrban" has been used since Achaemenian Dynasty as "Xshathrapawn" (satrap) to refer to different states of the kingdom. * Shervan in Persian means cypress tree (the same as 'sarv' in Middle Persian and in New Persian, as well as in ArabicDehkhoda dictionary). It is also used as a male n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim II Shaykhshah
Sheykh Ibrahim II was the 40th shah of Shirvan. Coming to power Not much is known about his childhood. He fled to Nowshahr after his grandfather Gazi Beg's disastrous defeat. Having heard news that the Safavid ruler Ismail I was coming after him, he fled to Gilan, where he hid for two years. In 1502, a rebellion erupted in Shirvan and his nephew Sultan Mahmud was deposed. Local people invited Ibrahim to the throne of Shirvan same year. Reign In his 3rd year of rule, Shah Ismail I besieged Gulustan castle in order to restore Mahmud who fled to his court after deposition. After three months of siege, unexpectedly, a slave of Mahmud beheaded him at night and sent his head to Ibrahim. Sheykhshah, excited by the news, suddenly made a raid on besieging Safavid forces and forced them to flee. Despite victory, he accepted to be vassal of Ismail. Relations with Safavids In 1507, Sheykhshah rebelled against the Safavids but was forced to make peace again in 1509. He visited Tabriz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Architecture Of Azerbaijan
The architecture of Azerbaijan ( Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan memarlığı; اذربيجان ممرليغى) refers to the architecture development in Azerbaijan. Architecture in Azerbaijan typically combines elements of East and West. Many medieval structures such as the Maiden Tower and Palace of the Shirvanshahs in the walled city of Baku survive in modern Azerbaijan. Among other medieval architectural treasures reflecting the influence of several schools are the Shirvan shahs' palace in Baku, the Palace of Shaki Khans in the town of Shaki in north-central Azerbaijan, the Surakhany Temple on the Apsheron Peninsula, a number of bridges spanning the Aras River, and several mausoleums. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, little monumental architecture was created, but distinctive residences were built in Baku and elsewhere. Among the most recent architectural monuments, the Baku subways are noted for their lavish decor. The urban planning and architectural activitie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
