|
Fereydun
Fereydun ( ae, 𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬀, Θraētaona, pal, 𐭯𐭫𐭩𐭲𐭥𐭭, ; New Persian: , ''Fereydūn/Farīdūn'') is an Iranian mythical king and hero from the Pishdadian dynasty. He is known as an emblem of victory, justice, and generosity in Persian literature. According to Abolala Soudavar, Fereydun is partially a reflection of Cyrus the Great (), the first Achaemenid King of Kings. Etymology All of the forms of the name shown above derive, by regular sound laws, from Proto-Iranian ''*Θraitauna-'' (Avestan ''Θraētaona-'') and Proto-Indo-Iranian ''*Traitaunas''. Traitaunas is a derivative (with augmentative suffix -una/-auna) of ''Tritas'', the name of a deity or hero reflected in the Vedic '' Trita'' and the Avestan ''Θrita''. Both names are identical to the adjective meaning "the third", a term used of a minor deity associated with two other deities to form a triad. In the Indian Vedas, Trita is associated with thunder gods and wind gods. Trita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zahhak
Zahhāk or Zahāk () ( fa, ضحّاک), also known as Zahhak the Snake Shoulder ( fa, ضحاک ماردوش, Zahhāk-e Mārdoush), is an evil figure in Persian mythology, evident in ancient Persian folklore as Azhi Dahāka ( fa, اژی دهاک), the name by which he also appears in the texts of the '' Avesta''. In Middle Persian he is called Dahāg ( fa, دهاگ) or Bēvar Asp ( fa, بیور اسپ) the latter meaning "he who has 10,000 horses". In Zoroastrianism, Zahhak (going under the name Aži Dahāka) is considered the son of Ahriman, the foe of Ahura Mazda. In the '' Shāhnāmah'' of Ferdowsi, Zahhāk is the son of a ruler named Merdās. Etymology and derived words ''Aži'' (nominative ''ažiš'') is the Avestan word for "serpent" or "dragon". It is cognate to the Vedic Sanskrit word ''ahi'', "snake", and without a sinister implication. The original meaning of ''dahāka'' is uncertain. Among the meanings suggested are "stinging" (source uncertain), "burning" (cf. Sans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pishdadian Dynasty
The Pishdadian dynasty ( fa, دودمان پیشدادیان) is a mythical line of primordial kings featured in Zoroastrian belief and Persian mythology, who are presented in legend as originally rulers of the world but whose realm was eventually limited to ''Ērānshahr'' or Greater Iran. Although there are scattered references to them in the Zoroastrian scriptures the Avesta and later Pahlavi literature, it is through the 11th century Iranian national epic, the ''Shahnameh'', that the canonical form of their legends is known. From the 9th century, Muslim writers, notably Tabari, re-told many of the Pishdadian legends in prose histories and other works. The Pishdadian kings and the stories relating to them have no basis in historical fact, however. According to the ''Shahnameh'', the Pishdadians were the first Iranian dynasty, pre-dating the historical Achaemenids, and ruling for a period of over two thousand years. Their progenitor was Keyumars, the first human and the “Zor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salm (Shahnameh)
Salm ( fa, سلم) is a character in the Persian epic Shahnameh. He is the oldest son of legendary hero and king Fereydun. It is believed that his name was given to him by his father, after Salm chooses to seek safety and run instead of fighting the dragon that had attacked him and his brothers (the dragon was Fereydun himself who had disguised himself to test his sons). When Fereydun decides to divide his kingdom among his sons, he gives Salm Anatolia and West. Salm and his brother Tur become jealous of their younger brother Iraj. They combine their forces against him and eventually murder the young prince. Years later Iraj’s grandson Manuchehr avenges his grandfather’s death by killing both Salm and Tur. Name English scholar Harold Walter Bailey (1899–1996) derived the base word from Avestan ''sar-'' (to move suddenly) from ''tsar-'' in Old Iranian (''tsarati, tsaru-'', hunter), which also gave its name to the western Avestan region of ''Sairima'' (''*salm'', ''– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tur (Shahnameh)
Tur (; fa, تور, ) is a character in the Persian epic Shahnameh. He is the second son of the legendary Iranian king Fereydun and brother of both Salm and Iraj. His name, meaning "brave", was given to him by his father when the young prince bravely fights the dragon that had attacked him and his brothers. When Fereydun divides his empire among his sons, he gives Turkistan and China to his second son Tur. This is the beginning of the nation of Turan, the neighbor and rival of the Iranians. Some of the most important characters of Shahnameh, such as Afrasiab, are his descendants. He was killed by Manuchehr Manūchehr Help:IPA/English">mænuː'tʃer.html" ;"title="Help:IPA/English.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Help:IPA/English">mænuː'tʃer">Help:IPA/English.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Help:IPA/English">mænuː'tʃer (, older Persian Manōčihr, Avestan � .... Family tree See also * Turan * Aniran External linksA king's book of kings: the Shah-nameh of Shah Tahmasp an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraj
Iraj ( fa, ایرج - ʾīraj; Pahlavi: ērič; from Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 airiia, literally "Aryan") is the seventh Shah of the Pishdadian dynasty, depicted in the ''Shahnameh''. Based on Iranian mythology, he is the youngest son of Fereydun. In the Avestan legends, Pahlavi literature, Sasanian-based Persian sources, some Arabic sources, and particularly in ''Shahnameh'', he is considered the name-giver of the Iranian nation, the ancestor of their royal houses, and a paragon of those slain in defense of just causes. File:Firdawsi - The Murder of Iraj - Walters W60230B - Full Page.jpg, A page from ''Shahnameh'', in Walters Art Museum, showing the murder of Iraj by his brothers File:Salm and Tur murder Iraj.jpg, Murder scene of Iraj by his brothers, Salm and Tur, from National Library of Russia, St Petersburg – The calligraphy in the margins are Nastaliq ''Nastaliq'' (; fa, , ), also romanized as ''Nastaʿlīq'', is one of the main calligraphic hands used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abtin
Abtin (), or Athwya is a character in Shahnama (national epic of Persia), who is the father of Fereydun. He is mentioned as the father of Fereydun in the Avesta, having been the "second man" to prepare Ahura-Mazda for the "corporeal world" (the first being Jamshid, and the third being Thrita). His name comes from the same origin as " Āptya", a title for water-born deities or heroes in the Rigveda. According to the Shatapatha Brahmana, that the first to bear this title was Agni, and that he subsequently created three Aptyas, Trita Trita ("the Third") is a minor deity of the Rigveda, mentioned 41 times. He is associated with the Maruts, with Vayu and most especially with Indra, whom he sometimes assists and other times acts in place of when fighting Tvastar, Vrtra and Vala. ..., Dvita, and Ekata, when he spat on the waters in anger. References Encyclopædia Iranica {{Shahnameh-stub Pishdadian dynasty Male characters in literature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faranak
Farānak ( fa, فَرانَک) is a female character in the Persian epic ''Shahnameh''. She is married to Abtin and the mother of Fereydun. Etymology Farânak is derived from the word ''Parvâneh'', which means "butterfly" in Persian. Like many other words and names in Persian, the letter P was transformed to F in post-Arabic period, as the letter P does not exist in Arabic. Parvânak, meaning "the little butterfly", is another name for the Persian lynx or caracal, also called ''siâh-goosh'' , which means "black-eared" in Persian. Both the name ''siâh-goosh'' ("black-eared") and ''parvânak'' ("little butterfly") refer to the pointy long black ears of the Persian lynx that look like butterflies. The Persian lynx or caracal accompanies the lion as the lion is a strong hunter and often leaves some food for the lynx which is a much smaller cat. In return, the lynx has a much stronger sense of smell and can lead the lion to the prey. Attestation Farânak as a female name was fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Damavand
Mount Damavand ( fa, دماوند ) is a dormant stratovolcano, the highest peak in Iran and Western Asia and the highest volcano in Asia and the 2nd highest volcano in the Eastern Hemisphere (after Mount Kilimanjaro), at an elevation of . Damāvand has a special place in Persian mythology and folklore. It is in the middle of the Alborz range, adjacent to ''Varārū'', ''Sesang'', ''Gol-e Zard'', and ''Mīānrūd''. It is near the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, in Amol County, Mazandaran Province, northeast of the city of Tehran. Mount Damāvand is the 12th most prominent peak in the world and the second most prominent in Asia after Mount Everest. It is part of the Volcanic Seven Summits mountaineering challenge. Symbolism and mythology Damavand is a significant mountain in Persian mythology. It is the symbol of Iranian resistance against despotism and foreign rule in Persian poetry and literature. In Zoroastrian texts and mythology, the three-headed dragon Aži Da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augmentative
An augmentative ( abbreviated ) is a morphological form of a word which expresses greater intensity, often in size but also in other attributes. It is the opposite of a diminutive. Overaugmenting something often makes it grotesque and so in some languages, augmentatives are used primarily for comical effect or as pejoratives. Many languages have augmentatives for nouns, and some have augmentatives for verbs. Germanic languages English In modern English, augmentatives can be created with the prefixes: *''over-'': e.g., ''overlord'' and ''overqualified''. *''grand-'': e.g., ''grandmaster'' and ''grandparent''. *''super-'': e.g., ''supermarket'' and ''superpower''. *''mega-'': e.g., ''megastore'' and ''megastar''. *''arch-'': e.g., ''archrival'' and ''archangel''. Since the early 1990s, the prefix ''über-'' or ''uber-'' has also frequently been used as a borrowing from German. The suffix -zilla, expressing a monstrous quality, can also be considered an augmentative form. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classical Armenian
Classical Armenian (, in Eastern Armenian pronunciation: Grabar, Western Armenian: Krapar; meaning "literary anguage; also Old Armenian or Liturgical Armenian) is the oldest attested form of the Armenian language. It was first written down at the beginning of the 5th century, and all Armenian literature from then through the 18th century is in Classical Armenian. Many ancient manuscripts originally written in Ancient Greek, Persian, Hebrew, Syriac and Latin survive only in Armenian translation. Classical Armenian continues to be the liturgical language of the Armenian Apostolic Church and the Armenian Catholic Church and is often learned by Biblical, Intertestamental, and Patristic scholars dedicated to textual studies. Classical Armenian is also important for the reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European language. Phonology Vowels There are seven monophthongs: * (ա), (ի), or schwa (ը), or open ''e'' (ե), or closed ''e'' (է), (ո), and (ու) (transcri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.png "Click for more on -> Pishdadian Dynasty")
