|
Fragrance Wheel
A fragrance whee'' also known as aroma wheel, fragrance circle, perfume wheel or smell wheel, is a circular diagram showing the inferred relationships among olfactory groups based upon similarities and differences in their odor. The groups bordering one another are implied to share common olfactory characteristics. Fragrance wheel is frequently used as a classification tool in oenology and perfumery. The first example of a fragrance wheel was conceived by Austrian perfumer Paul Jellinek and titled the ''Odor Effects Diagram'', published in the original German edition of his book ''The Practice of Modern Perfumery'' (1949). Other notable versions include the ''Fragrance Circle'', developed in 1979 by U. Harder at Haarman & Reimer, the ''Wine Aroma Wheel'', from 1984 by sensory chemist Ann C. Noble, and the ''Fragrance Wheel'', created in 1992 by perfumery taxonomist Michael Edwards. Fragrance Families and Personality Various suggestions have been put forth about the relationshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wheel2
A wheel is a rotating component (typically circular in shape) that is intended to turn on an axle Bearing (mechanical), bearing. The wheel is one of the key components of the wheel and axle which is one of the Simple machine, six simple machines. Wheels, in conjunction with axles, allow heavy objects to be moved easily facilitating movement or transportation while supporting a load, or performing labor in machines. Wheels are also used for other purposes, such as a ship's wheel, steering wheel, potter's wheel, and flywheel. Common examples can be found in transport applications. A wheel reduces friction by facilitating motion by rolling together with the use of axles. In order for a wheel to rotate, a Moment (physics), moment must be applied to the wheel about its axis, either by gravity or by the application of another external force or torque. Terminology The English word '':wikt:wheel, wheel'' comes from the Old English word , from Proto-Germanic language, Proto-Germanic , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oenology
Oenology (also enology; ) is the science and study of wine and winemaking. Oenology is distinct from viticulture, which is the science of the growing, cultivation, and harvesting of grapes. The English word oenology derives from the Greek word ''oinos'' ( οἶνος) "wine" and the suffix ''–logia'' ( -λογία) the "study of". An oenologist is an expert in the science of wine and of the arts and techniques for making wine. Education and training University programs in oenology and viticulture usually feature a concentration in science for the degree of Bachelor of Science (B.S, B.Sc., Sc.B), and as a terminal master's degree — either in a scientific or in a research program for the degree of Master of Science (M.S., Sc.M.), e.g. the master of professional studies degree. Oenologists and viticulturalists with doctorates often have a background in horticulture, plant physiology, and microbiology. Related to oenology are the professional titles of ''sommelier'' and master ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perfumery
Perfume (, ) is a mixture of fragrance, fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), Fixative (perfumery), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent. Perfumes can be defined as substances that emit and diffuse a pleasant and fragrant odor. They consist of artificial mixtures of aromatic chemicals and essential oils. The 1939 List of Nobel laureates, Nobel Laureate for Chemistry, Leopold Ružička stated in 1945 that "right from the earliest days of scientific chemistry up to the present time, perfumes have substantially contributed to the development of organic chemistry as regards methods, systematic classification, and theory." Ancient texts and archaeological excavations show the use of perfumes in some of the earliest human civilizations. Modern perfumery began in the late 19th century with the commercial synthesis of aroma compounds such as vanillin and coumarin, whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ann C
Anne, alternatively spelled Ann, is a form of the Latin female name Anna. This in turn is a representation of the Hebrew Hannah, which means 'favour' or 'grace'. Related names include Annie and Ana. Anne is sometimes used as a male name in the Netherlands, particularly in the Frisian speaking part (for example, author Anne de Vries). In this incarnation, it is related to Germanic arn-names and means 'eagle'.See entry on "Anne" in th''Behind the Name'' databaseand th"Anne"an"Ane"entries (in Dutch) in the Nederlandse Voornamenbank (Dutch First Names Database) of the Meertens Instituut (23 October 2018). It has also been used for males in France ( Anne de Montmorency) and Scotland (Lord Anne Hamilton). In Ireland the name is used as an anglicized version of Áine. Anne is a common name and the following lists represent a small selection. For a comprehensive list, see instead: . As a feminine name Anne * Saint Anne, Mother of the Virgin Mary * Anne, Queen of Great Britain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Edwards (fragrance Expert)
Michael Anthony Edwards (10 December 1943) is a British fragrance taxonomist, historian, and founding editor of '' Fragrances of the World'', the largest guide to perfume classification. His lectures and writings, including the book ''Perfume Legends: French Feminine Fragrances'', pioneered critical scholarship on the history of perfumery, while his fragrance wheel marked a major innovation in perfume retail. He resides in Australia, France, and the United States. Early life and career Michael Edwards was born on 10 December 1943 in Zomba, Nyasaland (present-day Malawi). After attending school in the United Kingdom and Rhodesia, he briefly studied biochemistry at the University of Natal before accepting a marketing job in London at the Beecham Group, specializing in toiletries. Edwards later moved to Paris to join Norton Simon as the international marketing director for Halston. Publication of ''Fragrances of the World'' By 1984, Michael Edwards, then working in Sydney, was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Dowthwaite
Stephen V. Dowthwaite (born 1956) is an English perfumer, perfumery educator, programmer and writer. He is the founder of PerfumersWorld, a resource for professional perfumers. He is known for developing ''The ABC's of Perfumery'', a comprehensive system of odour classification and perfume creation, and a training course in The Art and Technology of Perfumery. Background In 1971 Dowthwaite started as an apprentice at Picot Laboratories in London, England. Picot was one of the last perfume houses in the UK to create, compound, package and distribute their own fragrances. He trained under the perfumer Kenneth Burrows, and ex-Guerlain compounder Brian Maquaire. He later worked in milled soap manufacture and became manager of the cosmetic chemistry department of Grossmiths Co. Ltd. From there went on to become a perfumer at R. Sarant & Co. Ltd. and then Norda Schimmel Co. Ltd. Between 1979 and 1988 he had two careers, as a London Metropolitan Police officer and a freelance perf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chypre
Chypre () is the name of a family (or ''concept'') of perfumes that are characterised by an accord composed of citrus top note (perfumery), notes, a middle centered on labdanum, cistus labdanum, and a mossy-animalic set of basenotes derived from oakmoss. Chypre perfumes fall into numerous classes according to their modifier notes, which include but are not limited to leather, florals, fruits, and amber. History The term ''chypre'' is French language, French for the island of Cyprus. Its connection to perfumery originated with the first composition to feature the bergamot-labdanum-oakmoss accord, François Coty's perfume ''Chypre'' from 1917 (now preserved at the Osmothèque), whose name was inspired by the fact that its raw materials came predominantly from Mediterranean countries. Although perfumes in a similar style had been created in the 19th century, Coty's 1917 composition was so influential that it inspired many descendants. It ultimately became the progenitor of a whole fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aldehyde
In organic chemistry, an aldehyde () (lat. ''al''cohol ''dehyd''rogenatum, dehydrogenated alcohol) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure . The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group. Aldehydes are a common motif in many chemicals important in technology and biology. Structure and bonding Aldehyde molecules have a central carbon atom that is connected by a double bond to oxygen, a single bond to hydrogen and another single bond to a third substituent, which is carbon or, in the case of formaldehyde, hydrogen. The central carbon is often described as being sp2- hybridized. The aldehyde group is somewhat polar. The bond length is about 120–122 picometers. Physical properties and characterization Aldehydes have properties that are diverse and that depend on the remainder of the molecule. Smaller aldehydes such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are solubl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fougère
, , is one of the main olfactive families of perfumes. The name comes from the French language word for "fern". perfumes are made with a blend of fragrances: top-notes are sweet, with the scent of lavender flowers; as the more volatile components evaporate, the scents of oakmoss, derived from a species of lichen and described as woody, sharp and slightly sweet, and coumarin, similar to the scent of new-mown hay, become noticeable. Aromatic , a derivative of this class, contains additional notes of herbs, spice and/or wood. The name originated with Houbigant Parfum's ''Fougère Royale''. This perfume, created by Houbigant owner Paul Parquet in 1882, was later added to the scent archives known as the Osmothèque, in Versailles, France. Houbigant re-introduced this fragrance in 2010. Perfumes of this type are especially popular as fragrances for men. Many modern perfumes have various citrus, herbaceous, green, floral and animalic notes included. The most common additions t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Guide
''The Guide'' is a 1958 novel written in English by the Indian author R. K. Narayan. Like most of his works, the events of this novel take place in Malgudi, a fictional town in South India. The novel describes the transformation of the protagonist, Raju, from a tour guide to a spiritual guide and then one of the greatest holy men of India. This novel earned Narayan the first 1960 Sahitya Akademi Award for English, by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters. In 2022, it was included on the "Big Jubilee Read" list of 70 books by Commonwealth authors selected to celebrate the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II. Plot summary The protagonist, Raju, who is nicknamed "Railway Raju", is characterized as being a corrupt and popular tour guide. In the story, he falls in love with a beautiful woman named Rosie, who is married to an archaeologist named Marco, while the couple is visiting Malgudi as tourists. Marco disapproves of Rosie's passion for dancing but Raju encou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gourmand (fragrance)
A gourmand fragrance is a perfume consisting primarily of synthetic edible (gourmand) notes, such as honey, chocolate, vanilla or candy.Vosnaki, Elena"Lure of Gourmand Fragrances: Delicious Indulgences" ''Fragrantica.com'' Retrieved on 24 January 2013. These top and middle notes may be blended with non-edible base notes such as patchouli, musk or tonka bean.Delight in the Sweetness: Exploring Gourmand Fragrance Ingredients Scent Split Fragrance Blog (2024), Retrieved 16 Dec 2024. They have been described as olfactory desserts. They are also called "foodie" fragrances and can be both feminine and masculine. |
Wine Tasting
Wine tasting is the sensory examination and evaluation of wine. While the practice of wine tasting is as ancient as its production, a more formalized methodology has slowly become established from the 14th century onward. Modern, professional wine tasters (such as sommeliers or buyers for retailers) use a constantly evolving specialized terminology which is used to describe the range of perceived flavors, aromas and general characteristics of a wine. More informal, recreational tasting may use similar terminology, usually involving a much less analytical process for a more general, personal appreciation. Results that have surfaced through scientific blind wine tasting suggest the unreliability of wine tasting in both experts and consumers, such as inconsistency in identifying wines based on region and price. History The Sumerian stories of Gilgamesh in the 3rd millennium BCE differentiate the popular beers of Mesopotamia, as well as wines from Zagros Mountains or Lebanon. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
