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FIRDS
The Financial Instruments Reference Database System (FIRDS) is published by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and lists meta-information to all financial instruments included in the scope of Markets in Financial Instruments Directive 2004, MiFID II. This reference data is necessary to find metadata on a given financial instrument, uniquely identified by a so-called International Securities Identification Number (ISIN). Regulation The Article 4(1)(20) of Directive 2014/65/EU (MiFID II) considers "investment firms dealing on own account when executing client orders over the counter (OTC) on an organised, frequent, systematic and substantial basis" ''systematic internaliser'' and requires them to report their trades. From this data, ESMA computes on a best effort basis, the total volume and number of transactions executed within the EU. Technical details According to the technical specification, new entries are published on a daily basis, every morning by 09:00 ...
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Legal Entity Identifier
The Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) is a unique global identifier for legal entities participating in financial transactions. Also known as an LEI code or LEI number, its purpose is to help identify legal entities on a globally accessible database. Legal entities are organizations such as companies or government entities that participate in financial transactions. An individual person may not obtain an LEI. The identifier is used in regulatory reporting to financial regulators and all financial companies and funds are required to have an LEI. The identifier is formatted as a 20-character, alpha-numeric code based on the ISO 17442 "Financial services — Legal entity identifier (LEI)" standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It connects to key information that enables clear and unique identification of legal entities participating in financial transactions. Each LEI database entry contains information about an entity's ownership and thus answers t ...
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European Securities And Markets Authority
The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) is an agency of the European Union located in Paris. ESMA replaced the Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) on 1 January 2011. It is one of three European Supervisory Authorities set up within the European System of Financial Supervision, together with the European Banking Authority (EBA) and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA). Legal Force ESMA derives its legal force from the'' 'ESMA Regulation. This regulation governs ESMA's competencies and delimits its powers. Objective The ''ESMA regulation'' states in Article 1(5): "The objective of the Authority shall be to protect the public interest by contributing to the short-, medium- and long-term stability and effectiveness of the financial system, for the Union economy, its citizens and businesses." This mission is further specified in Article 1(6): Composition and Seat ESMA is structured as follows: a Board of S ...
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Financial Instrument
Financial instruments are monetary contracts between parties. They can be created, traded, modified and settled. They can be cash (currency), evidence of an ownership, interest in an entity or a contractual right to receive or deliver in the form of currency (forex); debt ( bonds, loans); equity ( shares); or derivatives ( options, futures, forwards). International Accounting Standards IAS 32 and 39 define a financial instrument as "any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity". Financial instruments may be categorized by " asset class" depending on whether they are foreign exchange-based (reflecting foreign exchange instruments and transactions), equity-based (reflecting ownership of the issuing entity) or debt-based (reflecting a loan the investor has made to the issuing entity). If the instrument is debt it can be further categorized into short-term (less than one year) or long-term. ...
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Markets In Financial Instruments Directive 2004
Markets in Financial Instruments Directive 20142014/65/EU commonly known as MiFID 2), is a directive (European Union), directive of the European Union (EU). Together with Regulation No 600/2014 it provides a legal framework for securities markets, investment intermediaries, in addition to trading venues. The directive provides harmonised regulation for investment services of the member states of the European Economic Area — the Member state of the European Union, EU member states plus Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein. Its main objectives are to increase competition and investor protection, as well as level the playing field for market participants in investment services. It repeals Directive 2004/39/EC (MiFID 1). MiFID 1 was a cornerstone of the European Commission's Financial Services Action Plan, whose measures changed how EU financial service markets operate. It is the most significant piece of legislation introduced in the Lamfalussy process designed to accelerate the ado ...
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International Securities Identification Number
An International Securities Identification Number (ISIN) is a code that uniquely identifies a security globally for the purposes of facilitating clearing, reporting and settlement of trades. Its structure is defined in ISO 6166. The ISIN code is a 12-character alphanumeric code that serves for uniform identification of a security through normalization of the assigned National Number, where one exists, at trading and settlement. History ISINs were first used in 1981, but did not reach wide acceptance until 1989, when the G30 countries recommended adoption. The ISIN was endorsed a year later by ISO with the ISO 6166 standard. Initially information was distributed via CD-ROMs and this was later replaced by distribution over the internet. ISINs slowly gained traction worldwide and became the most popular global securities identifier. Trading, clearing and settlement systems in many countries adopted ISINs as a secondary measure of identifying securities. Some countries, mainly ...
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Market Identifier Code
The Market Identifier Code (MIC) (ISO 10383) is a unique identification code used to identify securities trading exchanges, regulated and non-regulated trading markets. The MIC is a four alphanumeric character code, and is defined in ISO 10383 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). For example, the US NASDAQ market is identified by MIC XNAS. ISO 10383 ''ISO 10383'' is the ISO standard that "specifies a universal method of identifying exchanges, trading platforms and regulated or non-regulated markets as sources of prices and related information in order to facilitate automated processing". The FIX Protocol uses MICs to denote values of the "Fix Exchange" data type. Markets of various asset classes, including equities, options and futures apply for MICs through the ISO. MICs are updated frequently and the latest published list is available athe maintenance organization of ISO 10383in various formats: Excel, CSV, XML and PDF. These also include Modified and ...
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ISO 10962
ISO 10962, known as Classification of Financial Instruments (CFI), is a six-letter-code used in the financial services industry to classify and describe the structure and function of a financial instrument (in the form of security or contract) as part of the instrument reference data. It is an international standard approved by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). CFI have been required since 1 July 2017. The CFI is attributed to a financial instrument at the time when the financial instrument is issued and when it is allocated an International Securities Identification Number (ISIN) by the respective national numbering agency (NNA). It will normally not change during the life of that instrument. Each of the six letters of the CFI represents a specific characteristic of the financial instrument (e.g. ''ESVUFB'' is used to describe a typical registered share). Those capital letters are drawn from the ISO basic Latin alphabet. The first letter of the code i ...
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JSON
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation, pronounced or ) is an open standard file format and electronic data interchange, data interchange format that uses Human-readable medium and data, human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of name–value pairs and array data type, arrays (or other serialization, serializable values). It is a commonly used data format with diverse uses in electronic data interchange, including that of web applications with server (computing), servers. JSON is a Language-independent specification, language-independent data format. It was derived from JavaScript, but many modern programming languages include code to generate and parse JSON-format data. JSON filenames use the extension .json. Douglas Crockford originally specified the JSON format in the early 2000s. Transcript: He and Chip Morningstar sent the first JSON message in April 2001. Naming and pronunciation The 2017 international standard (ECMA-404 and ISO/IEC 21778:2017) ...
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Commerzbank Aktiengesellschaft
The Commerzbank Aktiengesellschaft (shortly known as Commerzbank AG or Commerzbank ) is a European banking institution headquartered in Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany. It offers services to private and entrepreneurial customers as well as corporate clients. The Commerzbank Group also includes the German brand Comdirect Bank and the Polish subsidiary mBank. As one of the oldest banks in Germany, Commerzbank plays a significant role in the country's economy. It is the largest financier of German foreign trade, with strong ties to the German 'Mittelstand.' In addition, it maintains a presence in all major economic and financial centers worldwide. Since its establishment in 1870, Commerzbank has undergone several changes. It was the first German banking institution to open an operational branch in New York City in 1971. Another milestone was the acquisition of Dresdner Bank in 2009. During the 2008 financial crisis, the Federal Republic of Germany became a major shareholder in th ...
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Request For Quote
A Request for Quote (RfQ) is a financial term for certain way to ask a bank for an offer of a given financial instrument from a bank, made available by so-called Approved Publication Arrangement (APA) by the stock markets itself or by Financial data vendors as required in Europe by MiFID II and in effect since January 2018. A RFQ contains at least the ISIN to uniquely identify the financial product, the type (buy/ sell), the amount, a currency, and the volume (\hbox\times\hbox in given currency). Background In the wake of the 2007-09 financial crisis there was an initiative to create more ''pre-trade transparency'', for which it is essential to know who is requesting which financial product. Article 1(2) of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/583 of 14 July 2016 (which supplements Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 of the European Parliament and of the council on markets in financial instruments) defines: This essentially means, that everybody buying or selling stocks, bo ...
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Approved Publication Arrangement
An Approved Publication Arrangement (APA) is an entity authorized under the MiFID II directive to publish trade reports on behalf of investment firms, fulfilling requirements outlined in Article (4)(1)(52). These reports contribute to increased transparency in over-the-counter (OTC) markets by disseminating both pre-trade quotes and post-trade transaction data. The MiFID II directive, which came into force in January 2018, mandates the use of APAs to enhance transparency in OTC markets. While the term APA technically refers to the organization itself, it is also commonly used to refer to the data they publish. Background APAs, Approved Reporting Mechanisms and Consolidated Tape Providers are new categories of Data Reporting Services Providers (DRSPs) that did not exist under MiFID I. For the ''APA data'', one distinguishes three asset classes: bonds, derivatives of all kind (interest rate/Credit/FX/Commodity/Equity), and Structured Finance. Each APA data record contains i ...
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