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Ertuğrul
Ertuğrul or Ertuğrul Gazi ( ota, ارطغرل, Erṭoġrıl; tk, ; died ) was a 13th century bey, who was the father of Osman I. Little is known about Ertuğrul's life. According to Ottoman Empire, Ottoman tradition, he was the son of Suleyman Shah, the leader of the Kayı (tribe), Kayı tribe (a claim which has come under criticism from many historians) of the Oghuz Turks (known as Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkomans by then). These Turkomans fled from western Central Asia to Anatolia to escape the Mongol conquests, but he may instead have been the son of Gündüz Alp. According to this legend, after the death of his father, Ertuğrul and his followers entered the service of the Sultanate of Rum, for which he was rewarded with dominion over the town of Söğüt on the frontier with the Byzantine Empire. This set off the chain of events that would ultimately lead to the Rise of the Ottoman Empire, founding of the Ottoman Empire. Biography Nothing is known with certainty about E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gündüz Alp
Gündüz Alp was the likely father of Ertuğrul (13th century) and grandfather of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Dynasty. According to some sources, the name of one of the sons of Ertuğrul was also Gündüz Alp, and thus the brother of Osman I. Ottoman histories, written around the 15th century, differ in details about Osman I's ancestry. Gündüz in the family tree of Ertuğrul and Osman I The grandfather of Osman I is mentioned in various sources as Süleyman Şâh, Gündüz Alp and Gök Alp. According to 15th century Ottoman writers Enveri and Karamani Mehmet Pasha, Gündüz Alp was the father of Ertuğrul. Yazıcızâde Âli's '' Tevârih-i Al-i Selçuk'' (15th century) indicated Gök Alp, the brother of Gündüz Alp as the father of Ertuğrul. Some other writers in their published works like 15th century historians; Şükrullah's '','' Hasan bin Mahmûd el-Bayâtî's ''Câm-ı Cem-Âyîn,'' Âşıkpaşazâde's ''History of Âşıkpaşazâde,'' Neşri's ' and ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gündüz Alp (son Of Ertuğrul)
Gündüz Alp was the likely father of Ertuğrul (13th century) and grandfather of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Dynasty. According to some sources, the name of one of the sons of Ertuğrul was also Gündüz Alp, and thus the brother of Osman I. Ottoman histories, written around the 15th century, differ in details about Osman I's ancestry. Gündüz in the family tree of Ertuğrul and Osman I The grandfather of Osman I is mentioned in various sources as Süleyman Şâh, Gündüz Alp and Gök Alp. According to 15th century Ottoman writers Enveri and Karamani Mehmet Pasha, Gündüz Alp was the father of Ertuğrul. Yazıcızâde Âli's '' Tevârih-i Al-i Selçuk'' (15th century) indicated Gök Alp, the brother of Gündüz Alp as the father of Ertuğrul. Some other writers in their published works like 15th century historians; Şükrullah's '','' Hasan bin Mahmûd el-Bayâtî's ''Câm-ı Cem-Âyîn,'' Âşıkpaşazâde's ''History of Âşıkpaşazâde,'' Neşri's ' and ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osman I
Osman I or Osman Ghazi ( ota, عثمان غازى, translit= ʿOsmān Ġāzī; tr, I. Osman or ''Osman Gazi''; died 1323/4), sometimes transliterated archaically as Othman, was the founder of the Ottoman Empire (first known as the Ottoman Beylik or Emirate). While initially a small Turkoman principality during Osman's lifetime, his descendants transformed into a world empire in the centuries after his death. It existed until shortly after the end of World War I. Owing to the scarcity of historical sources dating from his lifetime, very little factual information about Osman has survived. Not a single written source survives from Osman's reign, and the Ottomans did not record the history of Osman's life until the fifteenth century, more than a hundred years after his death. Because of this, historians find it very challenging to differentiate between fact and myth in the many stories told about him. One historian has even gone so far as to declare it impossible, describing t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suleyman Shah
Suleyman Shah ( ota, سلیمان شاه; Modern tr, Süleyman Şah) was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kaya Alp and the father of Ertuğrul, who was the father of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. Early Ottoman genealogies disputed this lineage, and either Suleyman Shah or Gündüz Alp could be Osman's grandfather and the father of Ertuğrul. An Ottoman tomb initially in or near Qal'at Ja'bar has historically been associated with Suleyman Shah. He succeeded his father as bey in 1214 when he decided to lead the 50,000 strong tribe West in the face of Mongol invasion. After migrating to the North Caucasus, thousands of Kayis settled in Erzincan and Ahlat in 1214, while some of the other Kayi groups dispersed in Diyarbakir, Mardin, and Urfa. Family tree of Süleymanşâh Various sources linked Süleymanşâh to Osman Gazi and his father Ertuğrul: Family tree in Şükrullah's '' Behcetü't Tevârîh''İnalcık, Halil, 2007; sf. 487 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saru Batu Savcı Bey
Saru Batu Savcı Bey (died 1287) was the older brother of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. He is known to be the most 'mysterious' of Ertuğrul's children. Name It is unknown whether Ertuğrul actually had three children or four and it has confused many historians. This is because of the two names, Saru Batu and Savcı. Some historians combine the two names together while others don't. At Savcı Bey's mausoleum, there are two graves. One is marked as Saru Batu and another named Savcı, which creates this problem. However, in Ottoman tradition, there is no reference to this at all. According to another source, Savcı was the nickname/title of Saru Batu. This was the title of someone who was a diplomat or administrator of a tribe. Savcı Bey had this post from the time of his father, Ertuğrul's leadership, and his brother, Osman's leadership. Death He died during the Battle of Domaniç which occurred in 1287 before the founding of the Ottoman Empire. It is also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Söğüt
Söğüt (, ; Greek: Θηβάσιον or Θηβάσιο, ''Thêbásion'') is a town and district in Bilecik Province, Turkey. It is in the Marmara region in the north-west of the country, with an area of , bordering Bilecik to the west, Gölpazarı to the north, İnhisar to the north-east, Tepebaşı (Eskişehir) to the south-east, and Bozüyük to the south-west. Söğüt district has 5 boroughs and 23 villages, with the population last recorded as 21,012 citizens (2000), but according to a 2010 estimate the population was 19,425. Söğüt is notable as the founding location and first capital of the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1335. Name and etymology The name of the settlement is first attested under the Greek name ''Thêbásion'' in 13th century. According to Ottoman cadastral record books of 1487 in Hüdavendigâr area the town was registered under the Turkish name ''Beğsöğüdü'' or ''Bey Söğüdü'', and this name took the form ''Söğüd'' in government recor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halime Hatun
Halime Hatun ( ota, حلیمه خاتون) was, according to some Ottoman folklore, the wife of Ertuğrul (13th century) and possibly the mother of Osman I. Biography Her origins are unknown; she is variously referred to as "Hayme Ana" in later legends, and is not mentioned at all in any historical Ottoman texts. Hayme Ana is also a traditional name of Ertuğrul's mother. Historian Heath W. Lowry, among other Ottoman scholars, states that Osman I's mother is unknown. The burial place of Halime Hatun, which was added in the late 19th century by Sultan Abdul Hamid II, is located in the garden of the Ertuğrul Gazi's grave in Söğüt, present-day Turkey. According to historian Cemal Kafadar, the 19th century "recovery" and "rebuilding" of this tomb by the Sultan, with the name added later, was politically motivated. Additionally, according to author Turgut Güler, "Hayme Ana", buried in Domanic, was most likely the wife of Ertuğrul. Gevaş tomb A türbe (tomb) was built fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hayme Hatun
Hayme Hatun ( ota, حائمہ خاتون), also known as Hayma Ana. (Mother Hayma), was the grandmother of Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire and the mother of Ertuğrul Gazi, Gündoğdu and the leader of the Kayı clan of the Oghuz Turks. Name Her name appears as Haymana, Hayme Hatun, Hayme Sultan, Ayva Ana and Ayvana. The name ''Hayma Ana'' seems to be an obvious transference of the topographic term ''haymana'', or "prairie", into a personal name. Burial place Hayma Ana's last resting place is at Çarşamba, a village near Domaniç, in a pasture area, close to a route connecting the lowlands east of Bursa with Tavşanlı. In 1892 Abdul Hamid II saw the recovery of the tomb of Hayme Ana. Family She was of Turkish descent and belonged to a Turkmen family of the Dodurga tribe. She was the grandmother of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. She had four sons: * Ertuğrul Gazi (father of Osman I), Bey of Söğüt * Dündar Bey * Gündoğdu Bey * Sungurtekin B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghazi (warrior)
A ''ghazi'' ( ar, غازي, , plural ''ġuzāt'') is an individual who participated in ''ghazw'' (, '' ''), meaning military expeditions or raiding. The latter term was applied in early Islamic literature to expeditions led by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and later taken up by Turkic military leaders to describe their wars of conquest. In the context of the wars between Russia and the Muslim peoples of the Caucasus, starting as early as the late 18th century's Sheikh Mansur's resistance to Russian expansion, the word usually appears in the form ''gazavat'' (). In English-language literature, the ''ghazw'' often appears as '' razzia'', a borrowing through French from Maghrebi Arabic. In modern Turkish, ''gazi'' is used to refer to veterans, and also as a title for Turkic Muslim champions such as Ertuğrul and Osman I. Ghazw as raid—razzia In pre-Islamic Bedouin culture, ghazw was a form of limited warfare verging on brigandage that avoided head-on confrontations and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kayı (tribe)
The Kayı or Kayi tribe (Middle Turkic: قَيِغْ ''qayïγ'' or simply ''qayig''; tr, Kayı boyu, tk, Gaýy taýpasy) were an Oghuz Turkic people and a sub-branch of the Bozok tribal federation. In his ''Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk,'' the 11th century Kara-Khanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari cited as of one of 22 Oghuz tribes, saying that Oghuz were also called Turkomans. The name ''Kayı'' means "''the one who has might and power by relationship''" and the Turkmen proverb says that "''people shall be led by Kayi and Bayat tribes" ( tk, Il başy - gaýy-baýat)''. Origin In his history work ''Shajara-i Tarākima'', the Khan of Khiva and historian, Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur, mentions among the 24 ancient Turkmen (Oghuz Turkic) tribes, direct descendants of Oghuz Khagan. Oghuz Khagan is a semi-legendary figure thought to be the ancient progenitor of Oghuz Turks. translates as "strong". In his extensive history work “Jami' al-tawarikh” (Collection of Chronicles), the state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oghuz Khagan
Oghuz Khagan or Oghuz Khan ( tk, Oguz Han or Oguz Kagan ; tr, Oğuz Kağan or Oğuz Han; Azerbaijani: Oğuz Xan or Oğuz Xaqan) is a legendary khan of the Turkic people and an eponymous ancestor of Oghuz Turks. Some Turkic cultures use the legend of Oghuz Khan to describe their ethnic and tribal origins. The various versions of the narrative preserved in many different manuscripts has been published in numerous languages as listed below in the references. The narratives about him are often entitled Oghuzname, of which there are several traditions, describing his many feats and conquests, some of these tend to overlap with other Turkic epic traditions such as Seljukname and The Book of Dede Korkut. The name of Oghuz Khan has been associated with Maodun, also known as Mete Han; the reason being that there is a remarkable similarity between the biography of Oghuz Khagan in the Turkic mythology and the biography of Maodun found in the Chinese historiography, which was first no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rise Of The Ottoman Empire
The rise of the Ottoman Empire is a period of history that started with the emergence of the Ottoman principality (Osmanlı Beyliği) in , and ended circa 1453. This period witnessed the foundation of a political entity ruled by the Ottoman Dynasty in the northwestern Anatolian region of Bithynia, and its transformation from a small principality on the Byzantine frontier into an empire spanning the Balkans, Anatolia, Middle East and North Africa. For this reason, this period in the empire's history has been described as the ''"Proto-Imperial Era"''. Throughout most of this period, the Ottomans were merely one of many competing states in the region, and relied upon the support of local warlords Ghazis and vassals (Beys) to maintain control over their realm. By the middle of the fifteenth century the Ottoman sultans were able to accumulate enough personal power and authority to establish a centralized imperial state, a process which was brought to fruition by Sultan Mehmed II (r. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
