|
Expression Templates
Expression templates are a C++ template metaprogramming technique that builds structures representing a computation at compile time, where expressions are evaluated only as needed to produce efficient code for the entire computation. Expression templates thus allow programmers to bypass the normal order of evaluation of the C++ language and achieve optimizations such as loop fusion. Expression templates were invented independently by Todd Veldhuizen and David Vandevoorde; it was Veldhuizen who gave them their name. They are a popular technique for the implementation of linear algebra software. Motivation and example Consider a library representing vectors and operations on them. One common mathematical operation is to add two vectors and , element-wise, to produce a new vector. The obvious C++ implementation of this operation would be an overloaded operator+ that returns a new vector object: class Vec ; Vec operator+(Vec const &u, Vec const &v) Users of this class can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Template Metaprogramming
Template metaprogramming (TMP) is a metaprogramming technique in which templates are used by a compiler to generate temporary source code, which is merged by the compiler with the rest of the source code and then compiled. The output of these templates can include compile-time constants, data structures, and complete functions. The use of templates can be thought of as compile-time polymorphism. The technique is used by a number of languages, the best-known being C++, but also Curl, D, Nim, and XL. Template metaprogramming was, in a sense, discovered accidentally. Some other languages support similar, if not more powerful, compile-time facilities (such as Lisp macros), but those are outside the scope of this article. Components of template metaprogramming The use of templates as a metaprogramming technique requires two distinct operations: a template must be defined, and a defined template must be instantiated. The template definition describes the generic form of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dlib
Dlib is a general purpose cross-platform software library written in the programming language C++. Its design is heavily influenced by ideas from design by contract and component-based software engineering. Thus it is, first and foremost, a set of independent software components. It is open-source software released under a Boost Software License. Since development began in 2002, Dlib has grown to include a wide variety of tools. As of 2016, it contains software components for dealing with networking, threads, graphical user interfaces, data structures, linear algebra, machine learning, image processing, data mining, XML and text parsing, numerical optimization, Bayesian networks, and many other tasks. In recent years, much of the development has been focused on creating a broad set of statistical machine learning tools and in 2009 Dlib was published in the ''Journal of Machine Learning Research The ''Journal of Machine Learning Research'' is a peer-reviewed open access scientif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formal Grammar
In formal language theory, a grammar (when the context is not given, often called a formal grammar for clarity) describes how to form strings from a language's alphabet that are valid according to the language's syntax. A grammar does not describe the meaning of the strings or what can be done with them in whatever context—only their form. A formal grammar is defined as a set of production rules for such strings in a formal language. Formal language theory, the discipline that studies formal grammars and languages, is a branch of applied mathematics. Its applications are found in theoretical computer science, theoretical linguistics, formal semantics, mathematical logic, and other areas. A formal grammar is a set of rules for rewriting strings, along with a "start symbol" from which rewriting starts. Therefore, a grammar is usually thought of as a language generator. However, it can also sometimes be used as the basis for a " recognizer"—a function in computing tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spirit Parser Framework
The Spirit Parser Framework is an object oriented recursive descent parser generator framework implemented using template metaprogramming techniques. Expression templates allow users to approximate the syntax of extended Backus–Naur form (EBNF) completely in C++. Parser objects are composed through operator overloading and the result is a backtracking LL(∞) parser that is capable of parsing rather ambiguous grammars. Spirit can be used for both lexing and parsing, together or separately. This framework is part of the Boost libraries. Operators Because of limitations of the C++ language, the syntax of Spirit has been designed around the operator precedences of C++, while bearing resemblance to both EBNF and regular expressions A regular expression (shortened as regex or regexp; sometimes referred to as rational expression) is a sequence of characters that specifies a search pattern in text. Usually such patterns are used by string-searching algorithms for "find ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adept (C++ Library)
An adept is an individual identified as having attained a specific level of knowledge, skill, or aptitude in doctrines relevant to a particular occult discipline, such as alchemy or magic. According to magical tradition, adepts stand out from others due to their enhanced abilities. All human qualities are developed in them, including intelligence and spirituality. According to Theosophist Charles Leadbeater, anyone can become an adept through spiritual development and self-improvement, though others insist that initiation or esoteric transmission into a magical organization or tradition is a necessary preliminary. Etymology The word "adept" is derived from Latin ''adeptus'' 'one who has attained' (the secret of transmuting metals). A. E. Waite recounts the use of the term in alchemy in his 1926 book, ''The Secret Tradition of Alchemy''. Theosophy H. P. Blavatsky Madame Blavatsky makes liberal use of the term ''adept'' in her works to refer to their additional function as c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automatic Differentiation
In mathematics and computer algebra, automatic differentiation (AD), also called algorithmic differentiation, computational differentiation, auto-differentiation, or simply autodiff, is a set of techniques to evaluate the derivative of a function specified by a computer program. AD exploits the fact that every computer program, no matter how complicated, executes a sequence of elementary arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc.) and elementary functions ( exp, log, sin, cos, etc.). By applying the chain rule repeatedly to these operations, derivatives of arbitrary order can be computed automatically, accurately to working precision, and using at most a small constant factor more arithmetic operations than the original program. Automatic differentiation is distinct from symbolic differentiation and numerical differentiation. Symbolic differentiation faces the difficulty of converting a computer program into a single mathematical expression an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stan (software)
Stan is a probabilistic programming language for statistical inference written in C++.Stan Development Team. 2015Stan Modeling Language User's Guide and Reference Manual, Version 2.9.0/ref> The Stan language is used to specify a (Bayesian) statistical model with an imperative program calculating the log probability density function. Stan is licensed under the New BSD License. Stan is named in honour of Stanislaw Ulam, pioneer of the Monte Carlo method. Stan was created by a development team consisting of 34 members that includes Andrew Gelman, Bob Carpenter, Matt Hoffman, and Daniel Lee. Interfaces The Stan language itself can be accessed through several interfaces: * CmdStan – a command-line executable for the shell, * CmdStanR and rstan – R software libraries, * CmdStanPy and PyStan – libraries for the Python programming language, * MatlabStan – integration with the MATLAB numerical computing environment, * Stan.jl – integration with the Julia programming ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eigen (C++ Library)
Eigen may refer to: * Eigen (C++ library), computer programming library for matrix and linear algebra operations * Eigen Technologies, the Document AI software company * Eigen, Schwyz, settlement in the municipality of Alpthal in the canton of Schwyz, Switzerland * Eigen, Thurgau, locality in the municipality of Lengwil in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland * Manfred Eigen (1927–2019), German biophysicist * Saint Eigen, female Christian saint *, Japanese sport shooter ;See also * Eigenvalue, eigenvector and eigenspace in mathematics and physics * Eigenclass, synonym to ''metaclass In object-oriented programming, a metaclass is a class whose instances are classes. Just as an ordinary class defines the behavior of certain objects, a metaclass defines the behavior of certain classes and their instances. Not all object-orient ...'' in the ruby programming language * Eigenbehaviour, with its connection to eigenform and eigenvalue in cybernetics (relevant authors being Hei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boost (C++ Libraries)
Boost, boosted or boosting may refer to: Science, technology and mathematics * Boost, positive manifold pressure in turbocharged engines * Boost (C++ libraries), a set of free peer-reviewed portable C++ libraries * Boost (material), a material branded and used by Adidas in the midsoles of shoes. * Boost, a loose term for turbo or supercharger * Boost converter, an electrical circuit variation of a DC to DC converter, which increases (boosts) the voltage * Boosted fission weapon, a type of nuclear bomb that uses a small amount of fusion fuel to increase the rate, and thus yield, of a fission reaction * Boosting (machine learning), a supervised learning algorithm * Intel Turbo Boost, a technology that enables a processor to run above its base operating frequency * Jump start (vehicle), to start a vehicle * Lorentz boost, a type of Lorentz transformation Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional characters * Boost (''Cars''), a character from the Pixar franchise ''Cars'' * Bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blitz++
Blitz++ is a high-performance vector mathematics library written in C++. This library is intended for use in scientific applications that might otherwise be implemented with Fortran or MATLAB MATLAB (an abbreviation of "MATrix LABoratory") is a proprietary multi-paradigm programming language and numeric computing environment developed by MathWorks. MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation .... Blitz++ utilizes advanced C++ template metaprogramming techniques, including expression templates, to provide speed-optimized mathematical operations on sequences of data without sacrificing the natural syntax provided by other mathematical programming systems. Indeed, it has been recognized as a pioneer in the area of C++ template metaprogramming. David Abrahams, Aleksey Gurtovoy: ''C++ Template Metaprogramming: Concepts, Tools, and Techniques from Boost and Beyond'', Addison-Wesley, References External links *{{Official website, http ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blaze (programming)
Blaze may refer to: Places * Blaze, Kentucky * Blaze Island, Nunavut, Canada People ;Given name * Blaze Bayley (born 1963), English singer, former Wolfsbane and Iron Maiden vocalist * Blaze Berdahl (born 1980), American actress, singer, rapper, voice-over actor, announcer and narrator * Blaze Jordan (born 2002), American professional baseball player * Blaze Foley, stage name of former American country singer and songwriter Michael David Fuller (1949–1989) * Blaze Starr, an American stripper and burlesque artist ;Surname * Alundra Blayze, later stage name for former female professional wrestler Debrah Miceli (born 1964), also known as Madusa * Bobby Blaze (born 1963), former American professional wrestler * Louis Edmund Blaze (1861–1951), Sri Lankan Burgher educationist and founder of Kingswood College, Kandy, Sri Lanka * Sonny Blayze, former manager of professional wrestling tag-team The Powers of Pain ;Mononym * Blaaze (born 1975), Indian rapper and playback singe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armadillo (C++ Library)
Armadillo is a linear algebra software library for the C++ programming language. It aims to provide efficient and streamlined base calculations, while at the same time having a straightforward and easy-to-use interface. Its intended target users are scientists and engineers. It supports integer, floating point ( single and double precision), complex numbers, and a subset of trigonometric and statistics functions. Dense and sparse matrices are supported. Various matrix decompositions are provided through optional integration with Linear Algebra PACKage (LAPACK), Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software (ATLAS), and ARPACK. High-performance BLAS/LAPACK replacement libraries such as OpenBLAS and Intel MKL can also be used. The library employs a delayed-evaluation approach (during compile time) to combine several operations into one and reduce (or eliminate) the need for temporaries. Where applicable, the order of operations is optimised. Delayed evaluation and optimisation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
