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Expectancy
Expectation, or expectations, as well as expectancy or expectancies, may refer to: Science * Expectancy effect (other), Expectancy effect, including observer-expectancy effects and subject-expectancy effects such as the placebo effect * Expectancy theory of motivation * Expectation (philosophy) * Expected value, in mathematical probability theory * Expectation value (quantum mechanics) * Expectation–maximization algorithm, in statistics Music * Expectation (album), ''Expectation'' (album), a 2013 album by Girl's Day * ''Expectation'', a 2006 album by Matt Harding (musician), Matt Harding * Expectations (Keith Jarrett album), ''Expectations'' (Keith Jarrett album), 1971 * Expectations (Dance Exponents album), ''Expectations'' (Dance Exponents album), 1985 * Expectations (Hayley Kiyoko album), ''Expectations'' (Hayley Kiyoko album), 2018, or Expectations/Overture", a song from the album * Expectations (Bebe Rexha album), ''Expectations'' (Bebe Rexha album), 2018 * Expecta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectancy Theory Of Motivation
Expectancy theory (or expectancy theory of motivation) proposes that an individual will behave or act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a specific behavior over others due to what they expect the result of that selected behavior will be. In essence, the motivation of the behavior selection is determined by the desirability of the outcome. However, at the core of the theory is the cognitive process of how an individual processes the different motivational elements. This is done before making the ultimate choice. The outcome is not the sole determining factor in making the decision of how to behave. Expectancy theory is a motivation theory concerned with mental processes regarding choice, or choosing. First proposed by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of Management in 1964, it aims to explain the processes that an individual undergoes to make choices. In relation to the study of organizational behavior, the theory stresses "the need for organizations to relate rewa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subject-expectancy Effect
In scientific research and psychotherapy, the subject-expectancy effect, is a form of reactivity that occurs when a research subject expects a given result and therefore unconsciously affects the outcome, or reports the expected result. Because this effect can significantly bias the results of experiments (especially on human subjects), double-blind methodology is used to eliminate the effect. Like the observer-expectancy effect, it is often a cause of "odd" results in many experiments. The subject-expectancy effect is most commonly found in medicine, where it can result in the subject experiencing the placebo effect or nocebo effect, depending on how the influence pans out. Example An example of a scenario involving these various effects is as follows: A woman goes to her doctor with a problem. The doctor diagnoses with certainty, and then clearly explains the diagnosis and the expected route towards recovery. If he does this convincingly, calming her, removing fear and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Observer-expectancy Effect
The observer-expectancy effect is a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to subconsciously influence the participants of an experiment. Confirmation bias can lead to the experimenter interpreting results incorrectly because of the tendency to look for information that conforms to their hypothesis, and overlook information that argues against it. It is a significant threat to a study's internal validity, and is therefore typically controlled using a double-blind experimental design. It may include conscious or unconscious influences on subject behavior including creation of demand characteristics that influence subjects, and altered or selective recording of experimental results themselves. Overview The experimenter may introduce cognitive bias into a study in several in the observer-expectancy effect, the experimenter may subtly communicate their expectations for the outcome of the study to the participants, causing them to alter their be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectancy Effect (other) – when expectations of a subject (e.g., a patient or research participant) influences themselves and their outcome
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Expectancy effect, also known as effects caused by expectations, may refer to: * Observer-expectancy effect – when expectations of an observer (e.g., a clinician or researcher) influences a subject and their outcome * Subject-expectancy effect In scientific research and psychotherapy, the subject-expectancy effect, is a form of reactivity that occurs when a research subject expects a given result and therefore unconsciously affects the outcome, or reports the expected result. Becaus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectations (Bebe Rexha Album)
''Expectations'' is the debut studio album by American singer Bebe Rexha. It was released on June 22, 2018, by Warner Bros. Records. The album was announced following the success of her collaboration with country duo Florida Georgia Line, " Meant to Be". ''Expectations'' went out for pre-order on April 13, 2018, with the release of two promotional singles: "Ferrari" and "2 Souls on Fire". The album includes the singles " I Got You" and " Meant to Be" from '' All Your Fault: Pt. 1'' and '' All Your Fault: Pt. 2'', respectively. It features appearances from rappers Quavo and Tory Lanez, and country duo Florida Georgia Line. ''Expectations'' received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised its production and Rexha's vocal performance, while others criticized its lyricism. The album debuted at number thirteen on the US ''Billboard'' 200 chart, earning 24,000 album-equivalent units (including 10,000 copies as pure album sales) in its first week. As of January 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expected Value (other)
Expected value is a term used in probability theory and statistics. It may also refer to: Physics * Expectation value (quantum mechanics) In quantum mechanics, the expectation value is the probabilistic expected value of the result (measurement) of an experiment. It can be thought of as an average of all the possible outcomes of a measurement as weighted by their likelihood, and as ..., the probabilistic expected value of the result (measurement) of an experiment Decision theory and quantitative policy analysis * Expected value of perfect information, the price that one would be willing to pay in order to gain access to perfect information * Expected value of sample information, the expected increase in utility that a decision-maker could obtain from gaining access to a sample of additional observations before making a decision * Expected value of including uncertainty, the expected difference in the value of a decision based on a probabilistic analysis versus a decision b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectations (Friday Night Lights)
"Expectations" is the first episode of the fifth season of the American sports drama television series '' Friday Night Lights'', inspired by the 1990 nonfiction book by H. G. Bissinger. It is the 64th overall episode of the series and was written by executive producer David Hudgins, and directed by producer Michael Waxman. It originally aired on DirecTV's 101 Network on October 27, 2010, before airing on NBC on April 15, 2011. The series is set in the fictional town of Dillon, a small, close-knit community in rural West Texas. It follows a high school football team, the Dillon Panthers. It features a set of characters, primarily connected to Coach Eric Taylor, his wife Tami, and their daughter Julie. In the episode, the Lions prepare for the first game of the season. Meanwhile, Julie and Landry prepare to leave for college, while Becky faces problems with her stepmother. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 3.57 million household v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectation (EP)
''Expectation'' () is the second extended play by South Korean singer and actor D.O.. It was released on September 18, 2023, by SM Entertainment and distributed by Kakao Entertainment. The album features seven tracks, including the lead single, " Somebody". Background On September 1, 2023, D.O. announced his second comeback following ''Empathy Empathy is generally described as the ability to take on another person's perspective, to understand, feel, and possibly share and respond to their experience. There are more (sometimes conflicting) definitions of empathy that include but are ...'' two years ago. Along with the announcement, he also released a teaser photo. On September 8, D.O. released a pre-release single, " I Do". Simultaneously, the music video is uploaded to SM Entertainment's YouTube channel. The music video is said to be the continuation of D.O.'s previous release, " That's Okay" from 2019. Composition ''Expectation'' features seven tracks. Similar to its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transit Of Venus (album)
''Transit of Venus'' is the fourth studio album by Canadian rock band Three Days Grace. It was released on October 2, 2012 through RCA Records. The album is the band's first to be released under the record label, following the folding of their former label, Jive Records, in 2011. The album was produced by Don Gilmore and recorded at Revolution Studios in Toronto. On June 5, 2012, the same day as Venus's visible transit across the sun, the band announced the album title and release date. The album spawned three singles (" Chalk Outline", " The High Road" and " Misery Loves My Company"). It is the last album to feature lead singer Adam Gontier before he left the band in 2013 and returned to the group in October 2024. The album debuted at No. 5 on the ''Billboard'' 200. It was nominated for Best Rock Album at the Juno Awards of 2014. Background and recording On June 5, 2012, the same day as the transit of Venus, the band announced the album title, as well as a release ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectations (song)
"Expectations" is the debut solo single by American singer and songwriter Lauren Jauregui, released on October 24, 2018. It is a guitar-driven R&B song written by Jauregui and produced by Kid Harpoon, about an unresponsive relationship and the struggle to amend the situation. Jauregui debuted the track live in June 2018, as the opening act for Halsey's Hopeless Fountain Kingdom Tour in Latin America. "Expectations" received positive reviews from critics who praised Harpoon's production and Jauregui's musicianship. The song's black-and-white music video was creatively directed and co-edited by Jauregui, and portrays two opposing facets of the artist. Background "Expectations" is one of the first songs Jauregui wrote while she was in a process of self-exploration and re-evaluation post Fifth Harmony's disbandment. She premiered the track, along with two other songs she wrote, in June 2018 in São Paulo, Brazil, as the opening act for Halsey's Hopeless Fountain Kingdom Tour in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectation (song)
"Expectation" is a song by Tame Impala, released as a single in 2010. It was recorded during the sessions for the '' Innerspeaker'' album in 2009, and released as the third single from that album. The single features artwork from Australian artist Leif Podhajsky, who also created the artwork for ''Innerspeaker'' and the follow-up '' Lonerism''. Composition "Expectation" was written by Kevin Parker in the key of C major in a 6/4 time signature. It is based around the two repeating chords of Cmaj7 and Fmaj7. The song starts off in a polymeter rhythm, with 3/4 on the drums, and 6/8 on the guitar, bass and keyboard. The vocals have reverb and delay applied to them,, and the guitars are distorted through a flanger pedal. The verse features a slight call and response type effect where Parker's vocals come in over the top of the drums and bass, and then when the vocals stop they are replaced by the guitar over the top of the drums and bass. During the guitar sections in the v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectation (waltz)
"Expectation" () is a Russian song composed by musician (Герольд Лаврентьевич Китлер). The origin of this piece is nebulous, as many Klezmer orchestras know this song as a Yiddish piece () and plenty of Russians claim this is a Soviet Army song. An even less well known song that goes by the name Awaiting uses the same melody with Russian lyrics. The original version of the song was written in F Minor and B♭ minor while the Klezmer version for the accordion and clarinet is in D Minor D minor is a minor scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F, G, A, B, and C. Its key signature has one flat. Its relative major is F major and its parallel major is D major. The D natural minor scale is: Changes needed ... or E Minor. Expectation is mostly made of minor notes along with relative minor thirds and sub-4th octaves, adding to its solemnity. This piece has been featured in many places, such as the Russian film " Optimistic Tragedy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |