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Everett Franklin Lindquist
Everett Franklin Lindquist (June 4, 1901 – May 13, 1978) was a professor of education at the University of Iowa College of Education. He is best known as the creator of the ACT (test), ACT and other standardized tests. His contributions to the field of educational testing are significant and still evident today. Early life Everett Franklin Lindquist was a native of Gowrie, Iowa. He was the son of Swedish-Americans Jonas A. Lindquist and Hannah O. Anderson. Lindquist was of Swedish descent, with ancestors from Jönköping County, Jönköping county. Career Lindquist joined the University of Iowa in 1925 as a research assistant. He received his Ph.D. in 1927 and was a member of the Iowa faculty until retirement in 1969. In 1953, he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. Educational Testing Desiring to create an academic competition for Iowa students, he developed a set of tests in 1929. These evolved into the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills, an exam for Elemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ACT (examination)
The ACT (; originally an abbreviation of American College Testing) Name changed in 1996. is a standardized test used for college admissions in the United States. It is administered by ACT, Inc., a for-profit organization of the same name. The ACT test covers four academic skill areas: English, mathematics, reading, and scientific reasoning. It also offers an optional direct writing test. It is accepted by many four-year colleges and universities in the United States as well as more than 225 universities outside of the U.S. The main four ACT test sections are individually scored on a scale of 1–36, and a composite score (the rounded whole number average of the four sections) is provided. The ACT was first introduced in November 1959 by University of Iowa professor Everett Franklin Lindquist as a competitor to the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). The ACT originally consisted of four tests: English, Mathematics, Social Studies, and Natural Sciences. In 1989, however, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standardized Tests
A standardized test is a Test (assessment), test that is administered and scored in a consistent or standard manner. Standardized tests are designed in such a way that the questions and interpretations are consistent and are administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner. A standardized test is administered and scored uniformly for all test takers. Any test in which the same test is given in the same manner to all test takers, and graded in the same manner for everyone, is a standardized test. Standardized tests do not need to be high-stakes tests, time-limited tests, Multiple-choice test, multiple-choice tests, academic tests, or tests given to large numbers of test takers. Standardized tests can take various forms, including written, Oral test, oral, or Performance test (assessment), practical test. The standardized test may evaluate many subjects, including driving test, driving, Creativity test, creativity, Fitness test, athleticism, Personality test, personality, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1901 Births
December 13 of this year is the beginning of signed 32-bit computing, 32-bit Unix time, and is scheduled to end in Year 2038 problem, January 19, 2038. Summary Political and military 1901 started with the Federation of Australia, unification of multiple Crown colony, British colonies in Australia on January 1 to form the Australia, Commonwealth of Australia after a 1898–1900 Australian constitutional referendums, referendum in 1900, Subsequently, the 1901 Australian federal election, 1901 Australian election would see the first Prime Minister of Australia, Australian prime minister, Edmund Barton. On the same day, Nigeria became a Colonial Nigeria, British protectorate. Following this, the Victorian era, Victorian Era would come to a end after Queen Victoria died on January 22 after a reign of 63 years and 216 days, which was List of monarchs in Britain by length of reign, longer than those of any of her predecessors, Her son, Edward VII, succeeded her to the throne. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teaching To The Test
"Teaching to the test" refers to an educational strategy where curriculum and instruction are heavily focused on preparing students for standardized tests. This approach aligns teaching content and methods directly with the test format and subject matter, aiming to improve student performance on these assessments. Teaching methods Common methods of teaching to the test include: * Test-focused instruction: Specific test-related content is taught, followed by assessments that mirror the standardized test format. This typically involves testing factual recall or step-by-step procedures rather than fostering deeper understanding. * Skill-based learning: In areas like typing, athletics, or other practical skills, teaching to the test is the primary approach, emphasizing practice and repetition to achieve proficiency. However, teaching to the test can sometimes misrepresent students' actual learning. For example, students who memorize vocabulary for a reading test may perform well on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Educational Research Association
The American Educational Research Association (AERA, pronounced "A-E-R-A") is a professional organization representing education researchers in the United States and around the world. AERA's mission is to advance knowledge about education and promote the use of research in educational practice both nationally and abroad. Organization and membership AERA is led by an Executive Director (Felice J. Levine) and a President ( Tyrone Howard) from the University of California, Los Angeles in 2023–24). AERA's governance structure includes the Council, Executive Board, standing committees, award committees, temporary committees, task forces, and working groups are initiated for other specific needs. AERA has 25,000 members, including scientists, teachers, students, administrators, state and local agencies, counselors, and evaluators. The range of disciplines represented by the membership includes education, psychology, statistics, sociology, history, economics, philosophy, ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computer
A computer is a machine that can be Computer programming, programmed to automatically Execution (computing), carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (''computation''). Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as Computer program, ''programs'', which enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. The term computer system may refer to a nominally complete computer that includes the Computer hardware, hardware, operating system, software, and peripheral equipment needed and used for full operation; or to a group of computers that are linked and function together, such as a computer network or computer cluster. A broad range of Programmable logic controller, industrial and Consumer electronics, consumer products use computers as control systems, including simple special-purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, and factory devices like industrial robots. Computers are at the core of general-purpose devices ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drum Memory
Drum memory was a magnetic data storage device invented by Gustav Tauschek in 1932 in Austria. Drums were widely used in the 1950s and into the 1960s as computer memory. Many early computers, called drum computers or drum machines, used drum memory as the main working memory of the computer. Some drums were also used as Auxiliary memory, secondary storage as for example various IBM_drum_storage, IBM drum storage drives and the UNIVAC FASTRAND series of drums. Drums were displaced as primary computer memory by magnetic core memory, which offered a better balance of size, speed, cost, reliability and potential for further improvements. Drums were then replaced by hard disk drives for secondary storage, which were both less expensive and offered denser storage. The manufacturing of drums ceased in the 1970s. Technical design A drum memory or drum storage unit contained a large metal cylinder, coated on the outside surface with a ferromagnetic recording material. It could be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mimeograph
A mimeograph machine (often abbreviated to mimeo, sometimes called a stencil duplicator or stencil machine) is a low-cost duplicating machine that works by forcing ink through a stencil onto paper. The process is called mimeography, and a copy made by the process is a mimeograph. Mimeographs, along with spirit duplicators and hectographs, were common technologies for printing small quantities of a document, as in office work, classroom materials, and church bulletins. For even smaller quantities, up to about five, a typist would use carbon paper. Early fanzines were printed by mimeograph because the machines and supplies were widely available and inexpensive. Beginning in the late 1960s and continuing into the 1970s, photocopying gradually displaced mimeographs, spirit duplicators, and hectographs. Origins Use of stencils is an ancient art, butthrough chemistry, papers, and pressestechniques advanced rapidly in the late nineteenth century: Papyrograph A description of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBM 805 Test Scoring Machine
The IBM 805 Test Scoring Machine was an educational machine sold by IBM beginning in 1937. The device scored answer sheets marked with special " mark sense" pencils. The machine was developed from a prototype developed by Reynold Johnson, a school teacher who later became an IBM engineer. That machine and its descendants have been in use ever since. See also * Benjamin D. Wood References *"Bulletin of Information on the International Test Scoring Machine." (New York: Cooperative Test Service, 1936)IBM Archivesweb page on th 805 IBM educational computers {{compu-hardware-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark Sense
Electrographic is a term used for punched-card and page-scanning technology that allowed cards or pages marked with a pencil to be processed or converted into punched cards. The primary developer of electrographic systems was IBM, who used mark sense as a trade name for both the forms and processing system. The term has since come to be used generically for any technology allowing marks made using ordinary writing implements to be processed, encompassing both optical mark recognition and electrographic technology. The term "mark sense" is not generally used when referring to technology that distinguishes the shape of the mark; the general term optical character recognition is generally used when mark shapes are distinguished. Because the term mark-sense was originally a trade name, the Federal Government generally used the term electrographic. In the 1940s, 50s, and 60s, mark sense technology was widely used for applications like processing meter readings recordings on turnaro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Optical Mark Recognition
Optical mark recognition (OMR) collects data from people by identifying markings on a paper. OMR enables the hourly processing of hundreds or even thousands of documents. A common application of this technology is used in exams, where students mark cells as their answers. This allows for very fast automated grading of exam sheets. Background Many optical reader, OMR devices have a Image scanner, scanner that shines a light onto a form. The device then looks at the contrasting reflectivity of the light at certain positions on the form. It will detect the black marks because they reflect less light than the blank areas on the form. Some OMR devices use forms that are printed on transoptic paper. The device can then measure the amount of light that passes through the paper. It will pick up any black marks on either side of the paper because they reduce the amount of light passing through. In contrast to the dedicated OMR device, desktop OMR software allows a user to create thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
