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Erketu Scale
''Erketu'' (meaning "Erketü Tengri") is a genus of somphospondylan dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous roughly between 96 million and 89 million years ago. It is known from the Bayan Shireh Formation of Mongolia and its fossils were between 2002 and 2003 during field expeditions. ''Erketu'' was first described in 2006 and later on in 2010 due to some cervicals that were left behind in the expedition. ''Erketu'' represents one of the first sauropods described from the Bayan Shireh Formation. The elongated cervical vertebrae of ''Erketu'' indicates that it was the sauropod with the longest neck relative to its body size. Discovery and naming The first remains of ''Erketu'' were found back in 2002 by the American Museum of Natural History–Mongolian Academy of Sciences expedition conducted in Mongolia. The team discovered the outcrops of the new locality Bor Guvé, which overlies the Khara Kuthul locality and therefore is referable to the Bayan Shireh Formation. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the Cretaceous Period. Climate During the Late Cretaceous, the climate was warmer than present, although throughout the period a cooling trend is evident. The tropics became restricted to equatorial regions and northern latitudes experienced markedly more seasonal climatic conditions. Geography Due to plate tectonics, the Americas were gradually moving westward, causing the Atlantic Ocean to expand. The Western Interior Seaway divided North America into eastern and western halves; Appalachia and Laramidia. India maintained a northward course towards Asia. In the Southern Hemisphere, Aus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark Norell
Mark Allen Norell (born July 26, 1957) is an American vertebrate paleontologist. He is currently the chairman of paleontology and a research associate at the American Museum of Natural History. He is best known as the discoverer of the first theropod embryo and for the description of feathered dinosaurs. Norell is credited with the naming of the genera '' Apsaravis'', '' Byronosaurus'', '' Citipati'', '' Tsaagan'', and '' Achillobator''. His work regularly appears in major scientific journals (including cover stories in Science and Nature) and was listed by ''Time'' magazine as one of the ten most significant science stories of 1993, 1994 and 1996. Norell is both a fellow of the Explorer's Club and the Willi Hennig Society. He was featured in the fourth installment of '' Miracle Planet''—a six-part documentary series that was released in 2005. Career Norell's research has encompassed a number of different areas, from the theoretical study of diversity through time, his do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach to taxonomy adopted by most biological fields. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or Extant taxon, extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed ''monophyletic'' (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming Taxon, taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not Monophyly, monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms that the molecul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tubercle (bone)
In the skeleton of humans and other animals, a tubercle, tuberosity or apophysis is a Tubercle, protrusion or eminence that serves as an attachment for skeletal muscles. The muscles attach by tendons, where the enthesis is the connective tissue between the tendon and bone. A ''tuberosity'' is generally a larger tubercle (bone), tubercle. Main tubercles Humerus The humerus has two tubercles, the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. These are situated at the Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal, proximal end of the bone, that is the end that connects with the scapula. The greater/lesser tubercule is located from the top of the acromion laterally and inferiorly. Radius The radius has two, the radial tuberosity and Lister's tubercle. Ribs On a rib cage, rib, tubercle is an eminence on the back surface, at the junction between the neck and the body of the rib. It consists of an articular and a non-articular area. The lower and more medial articular area is a small o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opisthocoelicaudia
''Opisthocoelicaudia'' is a genus of sauropod dinosaur of the Late Cretaceous Period discovered in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. The type species is ''Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii''. A well-preserved skeleton lacking only the head and neck was unearthed in 1965 by Polish and Mongolian scientists, making ''Opisthocoelicaudia'' one of the best known sauropods from the Late Cretaceous. Tooth marks on this skeleton indicate that large carnivorous dinosaurs had fed on the carcass and possibly had carried away the now-missing parts. To date, only two additional, much less complete specimens are known, including part of a shoulder and a fragmentary tail. A relatively small sauropod, ''Opisthocoelicaudia'' measured about in length. Like other sauropods, it would have been characterised by a small head sitting on a very long neck and a barrel shaped trunk carried by four column-like legs. The name ''Opisthocoelicaudia'' means "posterior cavity tail", alluding to the unusual, opisthoco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gobititan
''Gobititan'' is a genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur from the Aptian faunal stage of the Early Cretaceous. The name of this genus is derived from the Gobi Desert region and the Titans of Greek mythology, which is a reference to its large body size. The specific name ''shenzhouensis'', is derived from "Shenzhou", an ancient name for China. Description ''Gobititan'' can be distinguished from other titanosauriforms based on features of the caudal vertebrae. Compared with advanced titanosaurs, where the number of caudal vertebrae had been reduced to less than 35, ''Gobititan'' had a relatively high number of caudal vertebrae, which was interpreted as a basal trait. Gregory S. Paul estimated that ''Gobititan'' was long and weighed . Discovery and naming The genus is based on one partial skeleton, holotype IVPP 12579, which consists of a series of 41 caudal vertebrae and an incomplete left hindlimb. Its remains were recovered in the summer of 1999 at the "Middle Gray unit" (a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erketu Scale
''Erketu'' (meaning "Erketü Tengri") is a genus of somphospondylan dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous roughly between 96 million and 89 million years ago. It is known from the Bayan Shireh Formation of Mongolia and its fossils were between 2002 and 2003 during field expeditions. ''Erketu'' was first described in 2006 and later on in 2010 due to some cervicals that were left behind in the expedition. ''Erketu'' represents one of the first sauropods described from the Bayan Shireh Formation. The elongated cervical vertebrae of ''Erketu'' indicates that it was the sauropod with the longest neck relative to its body size. Discovery and naming The first remains of ''Erketu'' were found back in 2002 by the American Museum of Natural History–Mongolian Academy of Sciences expedition conducted in Mongolia. The team discovered the outcrops of the new locality Bor Guvé, which overlies the Khara Kuthul locality and therefore is referable to the Bayan Shireh Formation. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Axis (anatomy)
In anatomy, the axis (from Latin ''axis'', "axle") is the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine, immediately inferior to the atlas, upon which the head rests. The spinal cord passes through the axis. The defining feature of the axis is its strong bony protrusion known as the dens, which rises from the superior aspect of the bone. Structure The body is deeper in front or in the back and is prolonged downward anteriorly to overlap the upper and front part of the third vertebra. It presents a median longitudinal ridge in front, separating two lateral depressions for the attachment of the longus colli muscles. Dens The dens, also called the odontoid process, or the peg, is the most pronounced projecting feature of the axis. The dens exhibits a slight constriction where it joins the main body of the vertebra. The condition where the dens is separated from the body of the axis is called ''os odontoideum'' and may cause nerve and circulation compression syndrome. On its an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlas (anatomy)
In anatomy, the atlas (C1) is the most superior (first) cervical vertebra of the spine and is located in the neck. The bone is named for Atlas of Greek mythology, just as Atlas bore the weight of the heavens, the first cervical vertebra supports the head. However, the term atlas was first used by the ancient Romans for the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) due to its suitability for supporting burdens. In Greek mythology, Atlas was condemned to bear the weight of the heavens as punishment for rebelling against Zeus. Ancient depictions of Atlas show the globe of the heavens resting at the base of his neck, on C7. Sometime around 1522, anatomists decided to call the first cervical vertebra the atlas. Scholars believe that by switching the designation atlas from the seventh to the first cervical vertebra Renaissance anatomists were commenting that the point of man's burden had shifted from his shoulders to his head—that man's true burden was not a physical load, but rather, his m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorsal Vertebrae
In vertebrates, thoracic vertebrae compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. In humans, there are twelve thoracic vertebra (anatomy), vertebrae of intermediate size between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae; they increase in size going towards the lumbar vertebrae. They are distinguished by the presence of Zygapophysial joint, facets on the sides of the bodies for Articulation (anatomy), articulation with the head of rib, heads of the ribs, as well as facets on the transverse processes of all, except the eleventh and twelfth, for articulation with the tubercle (rib), tubercles of the ribs. By convention, the human thoracic vertebrae are numbered T1–T12, with the first one (T1) located closest to the skull and the others going down the spine toward the lumbar region. General characteristics These are the general characteristics of the second through eighth thoracic vertebrae. The first and ninth through twelfth v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erketu Cervical Vertebrae
''Erketu'' (meaning "Erketü Tengri") is a genus of somphospondylan dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous roughly between 96 million and 89 million years ago. It is known from the Bayan Shireh Formation of Mongolia and its fossils were between 2002 and 2003 during field expeditions. ''Erketu'' was first described in 2006 and later on in 2010 due to some cervicals that were left behind in the expedition. ''Erketu'' represents one of the first sauropods described from the Bayan Shireh Formation. The elongated cervical vertebrae of ''Erketu'' indicates that it was the sauropod with the longest neck relative to its body size. Discovery and naming The first remains of ''Erketu'' were found back in 2002 by the American Museum of Natural History–Mongolian Academy of Sciences expedition conducted in Mongolia. The team discovered the outcrops of the new locality Bor Guvé, which overlies the Khara Kuthul locality and therefore is referable to the Bayan Shireh Formation. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2010 In Paleontology
Plants Bennettitales Cycadales Czekanowkiales Pinales Pteridospermopsida Angiosperms Other plants Molluscs Newly named bivalves Arthropods Fishes Amphibians Newly named amphibians Basal reptiles Newly named basal reptiles Ichthyopterygians Newly named ichthyopterygians Lepidosauromorphs Newly named plesiosaurs Newly named basal lepidosaurs Newly named lizards Newly named snakes Turtles Newly named turtles Archosauromorphs Newly named basal archosauromorphs Archosaurs Synapsids Newly named non-mammalian synapsids Mammals Other animals Footnotes Complete author list As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors. References {{Reflist, 2 2010 in paleontology, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
