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EUMM Georgia
The European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia (EUMM Georgia) is an unarmed Peacekeeping, peacekeeping mission operated by the European Union in Georgia (country), Georgia. The EUMM was conceived in September 2008 following the EU-mediated ceasefire agreement, which ended the Russo-Georgian War. The mission has around 200 monitors from EU member states and operates with a budget of over 47 million euros (2022/2024). Its headquarters are in Tbilisi, with field offices in Gori, Georgia, Gori, Mtskheta and Zugdidi. The EUMM started its monitoring activities on 1 October 2008 and has since been patrolling both day and night, particularly in areas adjacent to the Administrative Boundary Lines with the Russian-backed separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The organization's mission is to ensure that there is no return to hostilities, to facilitate the resumption of a safe and normal life for the local communities living in the areas adjacent to Abkhazia and South Ossetia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. Europe is commonly considered to be Boundaries between the continents#Asia and Europe, separated from Asia by the Drainage divide, watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural (river), Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the waterway of the Bosporus, Bosporus Strait. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles." Europe covers approx. , or 2% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface (6.8% of Earth's land area), making it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persona Non Grata
In diplomacy, a ' (PNG) is a foreign diplomat that is asked by the host country to be recalled to their home country. If the person is not recalled as requested, the host state may refuse to recognize the person concerned as a member of the diplomatic mission (including the removal of diplomatic immunity). A host country may declare any member of a diplomatic staff ' at any time without any explanation. Diplomacy Under Article 9 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, a receiving state may "at any time and without having to explain its decision" declare any member of a diplomatic staff '. A person so declared is considered unacceptable and is usually recalled to their home nation. If not recalled, the receiving state "may refuse to recognize the person concerned as a member of the mission". A person can be declared before even entering the country. With the protection of mission staff from prosecution for violating civil and criminal laws, depending on rank, under Arti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union Monitoring Mission In The Former Yugoslavia
The European Union Monitoring Mission (EUMM), between 1991 and 2000 known as the European Community Monitoring Mission (ECMM), was a mission of the European Union in the former Yugoslavia. History The European Union Monitoring Mission began operating on 15 July 1991 under the name of ECMM (European Community Monitoring Mission) as established by the Brioni Agreement on 7 July 1991. The mission was financed by the European Commission and at times consisted of over 200 personnel. The mission was headquartered in Zagreb and its designated area included Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania and the Republic of Macedonia. ECMM was renamed as European Union Monitoring Mission on 22 December 2000. In January 1992, the mission was briefly suspended following the helicopter downing that killed five of its observers in northern Croatia. A short history of the early work of the Mission was produced in 1992, and circulated privately. The EUMM in the former ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Military And Civilian Missions Of The European Union
The European Union (EU) has undertaken a number of overseas missions and operations, drawing on civilian and military capabilities, in several countries across three continents (Europe, Africa and Asia), as part of its Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). The operation or mission in question will work in agreement and coordination with the EU delegations, until 2009 known as the ''European Security and Defence Policy'' (ESDP). Classification In the EU terminology, civilian CSDP interventions are called 'missions', regardless of whether they have an executive mandate such as EULEX Kosovo or a non-executive mandate (all others). Civilian missions include uniformed personnel such as Police and Gendarmerie, but not military personnel. Military interventions, however, can either have an executive mandate such as for example Operation Atalanta in which case they are referred to as 'operations' and are commanded at two-star level; or non-executive mandate (e.g. EUTM Somali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union Mission In Armenia
The European Union Mission in Armenia (EUMA) is a European Union Common Security and Defence Policy civilian deployment on the territory of Armenia. History The mission was announced on 23 January 2023 to build upon the work of two previous EU deployments in Armenia, the European Union Monitoring Capacity to Armenia (EUMCAP) and the EU Planning Assistance Team in Armenia (EUPAT) following the Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis. The mission was formally launched on 20 February 2023. Unlike EUMCAP, which was planned with the approval of Azerbaijan, EUMA went ahead without Azerbaijani approval. Mandate The objective of the mission is to contribute to stability in the border areas of Armenia, build confidence on the ground, conduct active patrolling and reporting, and to support the normalization efforts between Armenia and Azerbaijan led by the President of the European Council, Charles Michel. EUMA was defined in January 2023 to have an initial mandate of 2 years with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CSDP
The Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) is the European Union's (EU) course of action in the fields of defence and crisis management, and a main component of the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). The CSDP involves the deployment of military or civilian missions to preserve peace, prevent conflict and strengthen international security in accordance with the principles of the United Nations Charter. Military missions are carried out by EU forces established with secondments from the member states' armed forces. The CSDP also entails collective self-defence amongst member states as well as a Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) in which 26 of the 27 national armed forces pursue structural integration. The CSDP structure – headed by the Union's High Representative (HR/VP), Kaja Kallas, and sometimes referred to as the European Defence Union (EDU) in relation to its prospective development as the EU's defence arm – comprises: *the European Commissi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EU Planning Assistance Team In Armenia
The European Union Planning Assistance Team in Armenia (EUPAT) was a European Union initiative established to assess the potential of deploying a long-term civilian CSDP mission to Armenia. It replaced the European Union Monitoring Capacity to Armenia, which concluded its mandate on 19 December 2022 and was superseded by a longer term mission, the European Union Mission in Armenia on 23 January 2023. History The European Union Monitoring Capacity to Armenia (EUMCAP) was a European Union civilian deployment in Armenia that was agreed on 6 October 2022 and officially became operational on 20 October 2022. EUMCAP was deployed in order to monitor the Armenia–Azerbaijan border following the Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis. EUMCAP completed its mandate on 19 December 2022 at which point it was superseded by the European Union Planning Assistance Team in Armenia in preparation of a possible longer term mission in the country. Following the conclusion of EUMCAP's mandate, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Armenia
The Government of the Republic of Armenia () or the executive branch of the Armenian government is an executive council of government ministers in Armenia. It is one of the three main governmental branches of Armenia and is headed by the Prime Minister of Armenia. Current government The incumbent government of Armenia is led by Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan who, as leader of Civil Contract (the party which won elections in December 2018), was appointed prime minister on 14 January 2019 by President Armen Sarkissian. Powers Powers of Government granted by former revision of Constitution (accepted in 2005) Resignation of the Government and its formation Following the Article 55 of Armenian Constitution, the Republic's president must accept resignation of the government on the day of # first sitting of newly elected Nation Assembly # assumption of the office by the president of the Republic # expression of the vote of no confidence to the Government # resignation of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Council
The European Council (informally EUCO) is a collegiate body (directorial system) and a symbolic collective head of state, that defines the overall political direction and general priorities of the European Union (EU). It is composed of the heads of state or Head of government, of government of the Member state of the European Union, EU member states, the president of the European Council, and the president of the European Commission. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy also takes part in its meetings. Established as an informal summit in 1975, the European Council was formalised as an institution in 2009 upon the Coming into force, commencement of the Treaty of Lisbon. Its current president is António Costa, former Prime Minister of Portugal, prime minister of Portugal. Scope While the European Council has no legislative power, it is a strategic (and crisis-solving) body that provides the union with general political directions and pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenia–Azerbaijan Border
The Armenia–Azerbaijan border (; ) is the international border between the Armenia, Republic of Armenia and the Azerbaijan, Republic of Azerbaijan. Estimates of the border's length vary from to . European routes European route E002, E002 and European route E117, E117 cross the border. The ''de jure'' border follows that of the former Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic and consists of two main segments – that between Armenia and Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Nakhchivan exclave in the west, and the longer section between Armenia and 'mainland' Azerbaijan to the east. Additionally, there are a number of enclaves on either side of the boundary, however these no longer exist except in a ''de jure'' sense. The border between Armenia and Azerbaijan has been closed since 1991. Following Armenia's defeat in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War, a Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis, border crisis began with numerous instances of incu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union Monitoring Capacity To Armenia
The European Union Monitoring Capacity to Armenia (EUMCAP) was a European Union List of military and civilian missions of the European Union, civilian deployment in the territory of Armenia that was agreed on 6 October 2022 and officially became operational on 20 October 2022. The EUMCAP completed its mandate on 19 December 2022 at which point it was superseded by a EU Planning Assistance Team in Armenia, European Union Planning Assistance Team in Armenia in preparation of a possible longer-term mission in the country. Mandate The stated aim of the mission is to contribute to the border commissions work on boundary delimitation of the Armenia–Azerbaijan border, international border of Armenia and Azerbaijan, facilitate the restoration of peace and security in the area, and to build overall confidence between the two states. Timeline of events On 6 October 2022, Armenian Prime Minister of Armenia, Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan and Azeri President Ilham Aliyev met at the 1st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
