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Dryobalanops
''Dryobalanops'' is a genus of flowering plants and the genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. The name ''Dryobalanops'' is derived from Greek (''dryas'' = a nymph associated with oaks and ''balanops'' = acorn) and describes the acorn-like nut. The genus has seven species, confined to the tropical forests of West Malesia (Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo). It is among the most abundant species of emergent trees in these forests, growing up to 80 m tall. The genus is of considerable importance as timber trees and sold under the trade name Kapur. The timber is an important heavy and durable construction timber. ''D. aromatica'' was an important source of camphor. As the trees mature, they mutually avoid touching each other in a phenomenon known as crown shyness. See also * Kapur (wood) Kapur (or Kapor) is a dipterocarp hardwood from trees of the genus ''Dryobalanops'' found in lowland tropical rainforests of Malaysia, Indonesia and South-East Asia.< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryobalanops Aromatica
''Dryobalanops aromatica'', commonly known as Borneo camphor, camphor tree, Malay camphor, or Sumatran camphor, is a species of critically endangered plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name ''aromatica'' is derived from Latin (''aromaticus'' meaning spice-like) and refers to the smell of the dammar (resin). This species was one of the main sources of camphor and attracted early Arab traders to Borneo, at that time being worth more than gold, and used for incense and perfumes. It is found in Sumatra, peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo. It is a large emergent tree, up to 65 m or even 75 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forests on deep humic yellow sandy soils. It is a heavy hardwood sold under the trade names of Kapur. It is recorded from at least two protected areas ( Lambir and Gunung Mulu National Parks). Bergenin, malaysianol A, laevifonol, ampelopsin E, α-viniferin, ε-viniferin and diptoindonesin A can be isolated from the stem bark of ''D. aromatica'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryobalanops
''Dryobalanops'' is a genus of flowering plants and the genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. The name ''Dryobalanops'' is derived from Greek (''dryas'' = a nymph associated with oaks and ''balanops'' = acorn) and describes the acorn-like nut. The genus has seven species, confined to the tropical forests of West Malesia (Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo). It is among the most abundant species of emergent trees in these forests, growing up to 80 m tall. The genus is of considerable importance as timber trees and sold under the trade name Kapur. The timber is an important heavy and durable construction timber. ''D. aromatica'' was an important source of camphor. As the trees mature, they mutually avoid touching each other in a phenomenon known as crown shyness. See also * Kapur (wood) Kapur (or Kapor) is a dipterocarp hardwood from trees of the genus ''Dryobalanops'' found in lowland tropical rainforests of Malaysia, Indonesia and South-East Asia.< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryobalanops Aromatica
''Dryobalanops aromatica'', commonly known as Borneo camphor, camphor tree, Malay camphor, or Sumatran camphor, is a species of critically endangered plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name ''aromatica'' is derived from Latin (''aromaticus'' meaning spice-like) and refers to the smell of the dammar (resin). This species was one of the main sources of camphor and attracted early Arab traders to Borneo, at that time being worth more than gold, and used for incense and perfumes. It is found in Sumatra, peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo. It is a large emergent tree, up to 65 m or even 75 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forests on deep humic yellow sandy soils. It is a heavy hardwood sold under the trade names of Kapur. It is recorded from at least two protected areas ( Lambir and Gunung Mulu National Parks). Bergenin, malaysianol A, laevifonol, ampelopsin E, α-viniferin, ε-viniferin and diptoindonesin A can be isolated from the stem bark of ''D. aromatica' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kapur (wood)
Kapur (or Kapor) is a Dipterocarp timber classification, dipterocarp hardwood from trees of the genus ''Dryobalanops'' found in lowland tropical rainforests of Malaysia, Indonesia and South-East Asia.Kapur at Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation It is a durable construction tropical timber. One variety, ''Dryobalanops aromatica, D. aromatica'', is a source of camphor. Species The name Kapur can refer to the following species from the Dryobalanops genus: * ''Dryobalanops aromatica, D. aromatica'' * ''Dryobalanops beccarii, D. beccarii'' * ''Dryobalanops fusca, D. fusca'' * ''Dryobalanops keithii, D. keithii'' * ''Dryobalanops lanceolata, D. lanceolata'' * ''Dryobalanops oblongifolia, D. oblongifolia'' * ''Dryobalanops rappa, D. rappa''Deforestation Kapur is logged from ol ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryobalanops Oblongifolia
''Dryobalanops oblongifolia'' is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to regions of Southeast Asia and Maritime Southeast Asia. The species name is derived from Latin (' = rather long and leaf (' = leaf); and refers to the shape of the leaf. Description Both produce heavy hardwood timber, which is sold under the trade name of Kapur. Subspecies There are two subspecies: * ''Dryobalanops oblongifolia'' subsp. ''oblongifolia'' (synonym = ''Baillonodendron malayanum'' F.Heim) — it is endemic to the island of Borneo. It is found in at least one protected area (Kubah National Park), but is threatened elsewhere due to habitat loss. It is an emergent tree, up to 60 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forest on sandy clay soils. *''Dryobalanops oblongifolia'' subsp. ''occidentalis'' P.S.Ashton (synonyms = ''Dryobalanops beccariana'' Ridl. & ''Dryobalanops ovalifolia'' Burkill)) — found in Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia ( ms, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryobalanops Beccarii
''Dryobalanops beccarii'', or Kapur Keladan, is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species is named after Odoardo Beccari, 1843–1920, an Italian explorer and botanist. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. It is a large emergent tree, up to 65 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forests on shallow leached soils over both sandstone and shale. It is a heavy hardwood sold under the trade names of Kapur. It is recorded from at least four protected areas ( Bako, Gunung Mulu, Crocker Range Crocker Range ( ms, Banjaran Crocker) is a mountain range in West Coast Division of Sabah, Malaysia that separates the west and east coast of Sabah. At an average height of , it is the highest mountain range in the state with the range is named ... and Ulu Temburong National Parks). References * Listed as Endangered (CR A1cd+2 cd D v2.3) beccarii Trees of Peninsular Malaysia Trees of Borneo Flora of Sabah Endangered flora of Asia {{Dipterocarp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryobalanops Lanceolata
''Dryobalanops lanceolata'' is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name is derived from Latin (' = shaped like the head of a spear) and refers to the shape of the leaf. This species is endemic to Borneo. It is common in protected areas, although elsewhere it has suffered modest population decline due to logging and land conversion. It is an immense emergent tree, up to 80 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forest Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus ''Dipterocarpus'', is derived from Greek (''di'' = two, ''pteron'' = wing and ''karpos'' = fru ... on clay-rich soils. It is a heavy hardwood sold under the timber trade name kapur. References lanceolata Endemic flora of Borneo Trees of Borneo Taxa named by William Burck {{Dipterocarpaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crown Shyness
Crown shyness (also ''canopy disengagement'', ''canopy shyness'', or ''inter-crown spacing'') is a phenomenon observed in some tree species, in which the crowns of fully stocked trees do not touch each other, forming a canopy with channel-like gaps. The phenomenon is most prevalent among trees of the same species, but also occurs between trees of different species. There exist many hypotheses as to why crown shyness is an adaptive behavior, and research suggests that it might inhibit spread of leaf-eating insect larvae. Possible physiological explanations The exact physiological basis of crown shyness is not certain. The phenomenon has been discussed in scientific literature since the 1920s. The variety of hypotheses and experimental results might suggest that there are multiple mechanisms across different species, an example of convergent evolution. Some hypotheses contend that the interdigitation of canopy branches leads to “reciprocal pruning” of adjacent trees. Tree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryobalanops Fusca
''Dryobalanops fusca'' is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name ''fusca'' is derived from Latin (''fuscus'' = dark-coloured) and refers to the dark coloured indumentum This species is endemic to Borneo, where it is threatened due to habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby .... It is a large emergent tree, up to 60 m tall, found in kerangas on raised beaches. It is a heavy hardwood sold under the trade names of Kapur. References fusca Endemic flora of Borneo Trees of Borneo Critically endangered flora of Asia {{Dipterocarpaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryobalanops Keithii
''Dryobalanops keithii'' is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species is named after H.G. Keith, 1899–1982, a Conservator of Forests in North Borneo (now Sabah). This species is endemic to Borneo, where it is threatened due to habitat loss. It is a main canopy to low emergent tree, up to 40 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forest Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus ''Dipterocarpus'', is derived from Greek (''di'' = two, ''pteron'' = wing and ''karpos'' = fr ... on well-drained but moist clay soils. It is a heavy hardwood sold under the trade names of Kapur. References keithii Endemic flora of Borneo Trees of Borneo Flora of Sabah Critically endangered flora of Asia {{Dipterocarpaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryobalanops Rappa
''Dryobalanops rappa'' is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name is derived from Iban (' = a shallow swamp) and refers to the species habitat. This species is endemic to Borneo. It is found in at least one protected areas (Gunung Mulu National Park), but is threatened elsewhere due to habitat loss, The IUCN has assessed the species as Endangered due to habitat damage by deforestation, mining, agriculture and fires. It is an emergent tree, up to 55 m tall, found in coastal mixed peat swamp forest and in lower montane kerangas The Sundaland heath forest, also known as ''Kerangas'' forest, is a type of tropical moist forest found on the island of Borneo, which is divided between Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia, as well as on the Indonesian islands of Belitung and Bangk ... forests. It is a heavy hardwood sold under the trade names of Kapur. References rappa Endemic flora of Borneo Trees of Borneo Flora of Sabah Vulnerable flora of As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camphor
Camphor () is a waxy, colorless solid with a strong aroma. It is classified as a terpenoid and a cyclic ketone. It is found in the wood of the camphor laurel (''Cinnamomum camphora''), a large evergreen tree found in East Asia; and in the kapur tree ( ''Dryobalanops'' sp.), a tall timber tree from South East Asia. It also occurs in some other related trees in the laurel family, notably ''Ocotea usambarensis''. Rosemary leaves ('' Rosmarinus officinalis'') contain 0.05 to 0.5% camphor, while camphorweed (''Heterotheca'') contains some 5%. A major source of camphor in Asia is camphor basil (the parent of African blue basil). Camphor can also be synthetically produced from oil of turpentine. The compound is chiral, existing in two possible enantiomers as shown in the structural diagrams. The structure on the left is the naturally occurring (+)-camphor ((1''R'',4''R'')-bornan-2-one), while its mirror image shown on the right is the (−)-camphor ((1''S'',4''S'')-bornan-2-one) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
