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Dirk Ter Haar
Dirk ter Haar FRSE FIP DSc (; 19 April 1919 –3 September 2002) was an Anglo-Dutch physicist. He was emeritus fellow of University of Oxford. Life Dirk ter Haar was born at Oosterwolde in Friesland in the north of the Netherlands on 19 April 1919. He studied physics as an undergraduate at the Leiden University. In 1946 he was a research fellow of Niels Bohr at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen (now the Niels Bohr Institute), and returned to Leiden in 1948 to obtain his PhD. His supervisor was the renowned Hendrik Kramers and his PhD dissertation was on the origin of the Solar System. From 1947 to 1950 he was a visiting associate professor of physics at Purdue University. In 1950 he obtained a post as professor of physics at the University of St. Andrews, and later became a British citizen. In 1952 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Jack Allen, David Jack, Daniel Edwin Rutherford and Edward Thomas Copson. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oosterwolde, Friesland
Oosterwolde () is the largest town in the municipality of Ooststellingwerf in the east of Friesland, the Netherlands. The town was first mentioned between 1325 and 1336 as "tot Oesterwolde", and means eastern forest. Oosterwolde developed between two ''brinks'' (communal pastures). The Dutch Reformed church was built in 1735 as a replacement of a medieval church. It is currently (2023) used as a Bed & Breakfast, advertised as a "true pop-up experience between the pews!"See: https://heiligenachten.nl/en/accommodation/village-church/ Oosterwolde was home to 548 people in 1840. In 1886, Oosterwolde became the capital of the municipality of Ooststellingwerf. In 1887, Frico (nowadays: FrieslandCampina) opened a dairy factory in the village. The cooperative purchasing agency "Oosterwolde" opened factory in 1915 which is a combination of Rationalism (architecture), rational and Jugendstil architecture. Gallery File:Netherlands, Oosterwolde, Hoofdbrug over de Opsterlandse Compagnonsvaa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Citizen
The primary law governing nationality in the United Kingdom is the British Nationality Act 1981, which came into force on 1 January 1983. Regulations apply to the British Islands, which include the UK itself (England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland) and the Crown dependencies (Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man); and the 14 British Overseas Territories. The six classes of British nationality each have varying degrees of civil and political rights, due to the UK's historical status as a colonial empire. The principal class of British nationality is British citizenship, which is associated with the British Islands. British nationals associated with an overseas territory are British Overseas Territories citizens (BOTCs). Almost all BOTCs (except for those from Akrotiri and Dhekelia) have also been British citizens since 2002. Individuals connected with former British colonies may hold residual forms of British nationality, which do not confer an automatic right of abo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyotr Kapitsa
Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa or Peter Kapitza (, ; – 8 April 1984) was a leading Soviet physicist and Nobel laureate, whose research focused on low-temperature physics. Biography Kapitsa was born in Kronstadt, Russian Empire, to the Bessarabian Leonid Petrovich Kapitsa (), a military engineer who constructed fortifications, and to the Volhynian Olga Ieronimovna Kapitsa, from a noble Polish Stebnicki family. Besides Russian, the Kapitsa family also spoke Romanian. Kapitsa's studies were interrupted by the First World War, in which he served as an ambulance driver for two years on the Polish front. He graduated from the Petrograd Polytechnical Institute in 1918. His wife and two children died in the flu epidemic of 1918–19. He subsequently studied in Britain, working for over ten years with Ernest Rutherford in the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, and founding the influential Kapitza club. He was the first director (1930–34) of the Mond Laborat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lev Landau
Lev Davidovich Landau (; 22 January 1908 – 1 April 1968) was a Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. He was considered as one of the last scientists who were universally well-versed and made seminal contributions to all branches of physics. He is credited with laying the foundations of twentieth century condensed matter physics, and is also considered arguably the greatest Soviet theoretical physicist. His accomplishments include the independent co-discovery of the density matrix method in quantum mechanics (alongside John von Neumann), the quantum mechanical theory of diamagnetism, the theory of superfluidity, the theory of second-order phase transitions, invention of order parameter technique, the Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity, the theory of Fermi liquids, the explanation of Landau damping in plasma physics, the Landau pole in quantum electrodynamics, the two-component theory of neutrinos, and Landau's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Nuclear Weapons
The People's Republic of China has developed and possesses weapons of mass destruction, including chemical and nuclear weapons. The first of China's nuclear weapons tests took place in 1964, and its first hydrogen bomb test occurred in 1966 at Lop Nur. Tests continued until 1996, when the country signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), but did not ratify it. China acceded to the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) in 1984 and ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) in 1997. Since 2020, China has been wielding a nuclear triad, alongside three other countries. The number of nuclear warheads in China's arsenal is a state secret. There are varying estimates of the size of China's arsenal. The ''Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists'' and the Federation of American Scientists estimated in 2025 that China has a stockpile of approximately 600 nuclear warheads, while the United States Department of Defense put the estimate at more than 600 operational nuclear war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred Nobel, Alfred Nobel's death. The original Nobel Prizes covered five fields: Nobel Prize in Physics, physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, physiology or medicine, Nobel Prize in Literature, literature, and Nobel Peace Prize, peace, specified in Nobel's will. A sixth prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Prize in Economic Sciences, was established in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) in memory of Alfred Nobel. The Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards available in their respective fields.Nobel Prize#Shalev69, Shalev, p. 8. Except in extraordinary circumstances, such as war, all six prizes are given annually. Each recipient, known as a laur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huygens Institute
The Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands was formed on January 1, 2011, through a merger of the Institute of Dutch History (, ING) a research institute of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, and the Huygens Instituut of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (founded in 1808). The institute is located in Amsterdam, Netherlands, in the Spinhuis building. The institute is made up of three thematically oriented sections: one for the study of political and institutional history, one for the study of the history of science, and a third one for the study of literature. The first section dates back to 1902, when it was established as the "Commissie van Advies voor de 's Rijks Geschiedkundige Publicatien" (Advisory Commission for Publications in the History of the Empire), under the directorship of the historian Herman Theodoor Colenbrander. Huygens ING researches texts and sources from the past with the aid of new methods and techniques fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Netherlands Academy Of Arts And Sciences
The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (, KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed in the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam. In addition to various advisory and administrative functions it operates a number of research institutes and awards many prizes, including the Lorentz Medal in theoretical physics, the Dr Hendrik Muller Prize for Behavioural and Social Science and the Heineken Prizes. Main functions The academy advises the Dutch government on scientific matters. While its advice often pertains to genuine scientific concerns, it also counsels the government on such topics as policy on careers for researchers or the Netherlands' contribution to major international projects. The academy offers solicited and unsolicited advice to parliament, ministries, universities and research institutes, funding agencies and international organizations. * Advising the government on matters related to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reader (academic Rank)
The title of reader in the United Kingdom and some universities in the Commonwealth of Nations, for example India, Australia and New Zealand, denotes an appointment for a senior academic with a distinguished international reputation in research or scholarship. In the traditional hierarchy of British and other Commonwealth universities, reader (and principal lecturer in the new universities) are academic ranks above senior lecturer and below Chaired Professor, recognising a distinguished record of original research. Reader is a professor without a chair, similar to the distinction between professor and chaired professor in Hong Kong and between ''professor extraordinarius and'' ''professor ordinarius'' at some European universities. Readership is one/two rank(s) more prestigious than senior/permanent Lecturership, which translate to Associate/Assistant Professorship. Readers in the UK would correspond to the start of full professors in China and the United States.Graham WebbMak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magdalen College, Oxford
Magdalen College ( ) is a Colleges of the University of Oxford, constituent college of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1458 by Bishop of Winchester William of Waynflete. It is one of the wealthiest Oxford colleges, as of 2022, and one of the strongest academically, setting the record for the highest Norrington Table, Norrington Score in 2010 and topping the table twice since then. It is home to several of the university's distinguished Chair (academic), chairs, including the Serena Professor of Italian#Serena Professors at Oxford, Agnelli-Serena Professorship, the Sherardian Professor of Botany, Sherardian Professorship, and the four Waynflete Professorships. The large, square Magdalen Tower is an Oxford landmark, and it is a tradition, dating to the days of Henry VII of England, Henry VII, that the college choir sings from the top of it at 6 a.m. on May Morning. The college stands next to the River Cherwell and the University of Oxford Botanic Garden. Within i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Thomas Copson
Edward Thomas Copson FRSE (21 August 1901 – 16 February 1980) was a British mathematician who contributed widely to the development of mathematics at the University of St Andrews, serving as Regius Professor of Mathematics amongst other positions. Life He was born in Coventry, and was a pupil at King Henry VIII School, Coventry. He studied at St John's College, Oxford. He was appointed by E. T. Whittaker as a lecturer at the University of Edinburgh, where he was later awarded a DSc. He married Beatrice, the elder daughter of E. T. Whittaker, and moved to the University of St Andrews where he was Regius Professor of Mathematics, and later dean of science, then Master of the United College. He was instrumental in the construction of the new Mathematics Institute building at the university. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1924, his proposers being Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker, Herbert Stanley Allen, Bevan Braithwaite Baker and A. Crichton Mit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel Edwin Rutherford
Daniel Edwin Rutherford FRSE (4 January 1906, in Stirling – 9 November 1966, in St Andrews) was a British mathematician, known for his work on the representation theory of symmetric groups. Biography Rutherford completed his secondary education at Perth Academy in 1924 and then, with the aid of a bursary, he went to the University of St Andrews, where he received his B.Sc. in 1927 and his M.A. in 1928 in mathematics. Upon the advice of Herbert Turnbull, Rutherford did his graduate work at the University of Amsterdam, where he wrote a ''doctorandus'' thesis under Roland Weitzenböck. Rutherford's dissertation was published in 1932 as ''Modular Invariants'' in the Cambridge Tracts. He became an assistant lecturer at the University of Edinburgh and then an assistant lecturer at the University of St Andrews, where he in 1934 was promoted to "Lecturer in Mathematics and Applied Mathematics" and given the task of building up the department in applied mathematics. At St Andrews, he re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
