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Destruction Of Psara
The Destruction of Psara (in el, Καταστροφή των Ψαρών, ) was the killing of thousands of Greeks on the island of Psara by Ottoman troops during the Greek War of Independence in 1824. Background By the beginning of the 19th century, Psara had the third largest trade fleet in Greece after Hydra and Spetses, numbering some 45 ships. In March 1821, the Greek population revolted against the Ottoman Empire. The inhabitants of Psara joined the struggle on 10 April 1821. Future Prime Minister Konstantinos Kanaris, Dimitrios Papanikolis, Pipinos and Nikolis Apostolis distinguished themselves as naval leaders, using fire ships to combat the more powerful Ottoman Navy. In April 1822, Turkish forces under the command of Nasuhzade Ali Pasha, Kapudan Pasha of the Ottoman fleet massacred the inhabitants of Chios. Greeks were killed and were sold as slaves in Izmir and Istanbul. Psara's native population of 7,500 people was augmented by Greek refugees from C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massacres During The Greek War Of Independence
There were numerous massacres during the Greek War of Independence (1821-1829) perpetrated by both the Ottoman forces and the Greek revolutionaries. The war was characterized by a lack of respect for civilian life, and prisoners of war on both sides of the conflict. Massacres of Greeks took place especially in Ionia, Crete, Constantinople, Macedonia and the Aegean islands. Turkish, Albanian, Greeks, and Jewish populations, who were identified with the Ottomans inhabiting the Peloponnese, suffered massacres, particularly where Greek forces were dominant. Settled Greek communities in the Aegean Sea, Crete, Central and Southern Greece were wiped out, and settled Turkish, Albanian, Greeks, and smaller Jewish communities in the Peloponnese were destroyed. Massacres of Greeks Constantinople Most of the Greeks in the Greek quarter of Constantinople were massacred. On Easter Sunday, 9 April 1821, Gregory V was hanged in the central outside portal of the Ecumenical Patriarc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kapudan Pasha
The Kapudan Pasha ( ota, قپودان پاشا, modern Turkish: ), was the Grand Admiral of the navy of the Ottoman Empire. He was also known as the ( ota, قپودان دریا, links=no, modern: , "Captain of the Sea"). Typically, he was based at Galata and Gallipoli during the winter and charged with annual sailings during the summer months. The title of ''Kapudan Pasha'' itself is only attested from 1567 onwards; earlier designations for the supreme commander of the fleet include (" bey of the sea") and ("head captain"). The title ''Derya Bey'' was first granted during the reign of Bayezid I as an official rank within the state structure. Following the Conquest of Constantinople, Mehmet II raised Baltaoğlu Süleyman Bey to the status of sanjak bey for his efforts against the Byzantines in the Golden Horn.Shaw, Stanford J. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey', Vol. 1, pp. 131 ff. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge), 1976. Accessed 12 Sept 2011. Baltaoğ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Vesuvius
Mount Vesuvius ( ; it, Vesuvio ; nap, 'O Vesuvio , also or ; la, Vesuvius , also , or ) is a somma-stratovolcano located on the Gulf of Naples in Campania, Italy, about east of Naples and a short distance from the shore. It is one of several volcanoes forming the Campanian volcanic arc. Vesuvius consists of a large cone partially encircled by the steep rim of a summit caldera, resulting from the collapse of an earlier, much higher structure. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 destroyed the Roman cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Oplontis, Stabiae, and several other settlements. The eruption ejected a cloud of stones, ashes and volcanic gases to a height of , erupting molten rock and pulverized pumice at the rate of per second. More than 1,000 people are thought to have died in the eruption, though the exact toll is unknown. The only surviving eyewitness account of the event consists of two letters by Pliny the Younger to the historian Tacitus. Vesuvius has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonios Vratsanos
Antonios or Antónios is a Greek masculine given name that is a variant of Antonis, as well as a surname. Notable people with this name include the following: Given name *Antonios Antoniadis (born 20th-century), Greek physician * Antonios Antonopoulos (1805–1887), Greek politician * Antonios Aronis (born 1957), Greek water polo player *Antonios Asimakopoulos (born 1976), Greek basketball player * Antonios Eparchos (1491–1571), Greek humanist, soldier and poet *Antonios Fokaidis (born 1989), Greek swimmer * Antonios Georgantas (1799 - 1884), Greek Major General * Antonios Georgoulis (born 1928), Greek wrestler *Antonios Giannoulas (born 1976), Greek boxer * Antonios Gioulbas (born 1986), Greek swimmer *Antonios Gryllos (1917 – 1993), Greek wrestler *Antonios Kalamogdartis (1810–1856), Greek politician * Antonios Karyofyllis (1904 – 1989), Greek athlete *Antonios Katinaris (1931 – 1999), Greek musician *Antonios Keramopoulos (1870 – 1960), Greek archaeologist * Antonios ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eleftheria I Thanatos
( el, Ελευθερία ή θάνατος, ; 'Freedom or Death') is the motto of Greece. It originated in the Greek songs of resistance that were powerful motivating factors for independence. It was adopted in 1814 by the , a secret organization formed specifically for the overthrow of Ottoman rule. Overview The motto arose during the Greek War of Independence in the 1820s, where it was a war cry for the Greeks who rebelled against Ottoman rule. It was adopted after the Greek War of Independence and is still in use today. One explanation for the 9 stripes on the Greek flag is that they represent the nine syllables of the motto, five blue stripes for the syllables and four white stripes for . The motto symbolized and still symbolizes the resolve of the people of Greece against tyranny and oppression. Part of the emblem of the Filiki Eteria were two flags with the letters and ; These represent , 'Either Freedom, or Death'. This is also the motto of the 4th Infantry Divisio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha
Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha (also known as Koca Hüsrev Pasha; sometimes known in Western sources as just Husrev Pasha or Khosrew Pasha;Inalcık, Halil. Trans. by Gibb, H.A.R. ''The Encyclopaedia of Islam'', New Ed., Vol. V, Fascicules 79–80, pp. 35 f.Khosrew Pasha. E.J. Brill (Leiden), 1979. Retrieved 13 September 2011. 1769–1855) was an Ottoman admiral, reformer and statesman, who was Kapudan Pasha (" Grand Admiral") of the Ottoman Navy. He reached the position of Grand Vizier rather late in his career, between 2 July 1839 and 8 June 1840 during the reign of Abdulmejid I. However, during the 1820s, he occupied key administrative roles in the fight against regional warlords, the reformation of the army, and the reformation of Turkish attire. He was one of the main statesmen who predicted a war with the Russian Empire, which would eventually be the case with the outbreak of the Crimean War. In Egypt He was probably born around 1756, and it is reported that he was of Abaza d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massacre Psara 06-1824
A massacre is the killing of a large number of people or animals, especially those who are not involved in any fighting or have no way of defending themselves. A massacre is generally considered to be morally unacceptable, especially when perpetrated by a group of political actors against defenseless victims. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". A "massacre" is not necessarily a "crime against humanity". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing. Etymology The modern definition of ''massacre'' as "indiscriminate slaughter, carnage", and the subsequent verb of this form, derive from late 16th century Middle French, evolved from Middle French ''"macacre, macecle"'' meaning "slaughterhouse, butchery". Further origins are dubious, though may be related to Latin ''macellum'' "provisions store, butcher shop". The Middle French word ''macecr'' "butchery, carnage" is first recor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burning Of The Ottoman Flagship Off Chios
The burning of the Ottoman flagship off Chios took place on the night of 18 June 1822. The event, occurring during the Greek War of Independence, was a reprisal for the Chios massacre which occurred two months earlier. Two thousand Ottoman sailors were killed, as was Nasuhzade Ali Pasha, the Kapudan Pasha of the Ottoman Navy. The event In March 1821, the Greek War of Independence began against the Ottoman Empire. One year later, the Ottoman forces disembarked on the island of Chios, massacred more than Greek inhabitants, and captured about who were sold as slaves in Izmir and Istanbul. After the Chios massacre, the Greek revolutionary government managed to gather a significant amount of money ( kuruş) in order to outfit its ships and attack the armada. In May 1821, the Greek navy made consecutive attacks against the Ottoman fleet. At the end of May, the Greek captains from Psara and Hydra decided to burn the Ottoman flagship by using fire ships. Konstantinos Kanari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayvalık
Ayvalık () is a seaside town on the northwestern Aegean coast of Turkey. It is a district of Balıkesir province. The town centre is connected to Cunda Island by a causeway and is surrounded by the archipelago of Ayvalık Islands, which face the nearby Greek island of Lesbos Ayvalık ('Quince Orchard') was an ancient Aeolian Greek port-town, called (). Its name was changed to Ayvalık in the Ottoman era. Before 1923 the town was predominantly Greek, and although the Turks used its Turkish name, the Greeks used both the old name ''Kydonies'' and the new one Hellenised to (). The Greeks knew Cunda Island as ''Moschonisia'' (literally "The Perfumed Islands"'')'' while the Turks called it Alibey Island (''Alibey Adası''). Under the Ottomans Ayvalık had a flourishing olive-oil-production industry and the chimneys of the old factories can still be seen about town. In modern times production has revived in a smaller-scale boutique format. Daily ferries operate between Ayval ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cunda Island
__NOTOC__ Cunda Island, also called Alibey Island, ( tr, Cunda Adası, Alibey Adası), Greek Moschonisi ( gr, Μοσχονήσι or Μοσχόνησος), is the largest of the Ayvalık Islands archipelago in Turkey, which was historically called the ''Εκατόνησα'' (''Hekatonisa'') or ''Μοσχονήσια'' (''Moschonisia'') archipelago in Greek. It lies in the Edremit Gulf on the Turkey's northwestern coast, off the coast of Ayvalık in Balıkesir Province, Turkey, with an area of . It is located east of Lesbos, Greece. History Antiquity According to written sources, there have been settlements since the antiquity; the sources mention the settlements of Nasos ( el, Νάσος), Pordoselini or Pordoselene ( el, Πορδοσελήνη) and Chalkis ( el, Χαλκίς). 20th Century According to the Ottoman General Census of 1881/82-1893, the kaza of Cunda (Yunda) had a total population of 4.671, consisting of 4.417 Greeks, 89 Muslims and 165 foreign citiz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedonia (Greece)
Macedonia (; el, Μακεδονία, Makedonía ) is a geographic and former administrative region of Greece, in the southern Balkans. Macedonia is the largest and Greek geographic region, with a population of 2.36 million in 2020. It is highly mountainous, with most major urban centres such as Thessaloniki and Kavala being concentrated on its southern coastline. Together with Thrace, and sometimes also Thessaly and Epirus, it is part of Northern Greece. Greek Macedonia encompasses entirely the southern part of the wider region of Macedonia, making up 51% of the total area of that region. Additionally, it forms part of Greece's borders with three countries: Bulgaria to the northeast, North Macedonia to the north, and Albania to the northwest. Greek Macedonia incorporates most of the territories of ancient Macedon, a kingdom ruled by the Argeads, whose most celebrated members were Alexander the Great and his father Philip II. Before the expansion of Macedonia under Phil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thessaly
Thessaly ( el, Θεσσαλία, translit=Thessalía, ; ancient Thessalian: , ) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia (, ), and appears thus in Homer's ''Odyssey''. Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after four and a half centuries of Ottoman rule. Since 1987 it has formed one of the country's 13 regions and is further (since the Kallikratis reform of 2011) sub-divided into five regional units and 25 municipalities. The capital of the region is Larissa. Thessaly lies in northern Greece and borders the regions of Macedonia on the north, Epirus on the west, Central Greece on the south, and the Aegean Sea on the east. The Thessaly region also includes the Sporades islands. Name and etymology Thessaly is named after the ''Thessaloi'', an ancient Greek tribe. The meaning of the name of this tribe is unk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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