|
Durophagy
Durophagy is the eating behavior of animals that consume Seashell, hard-shelled or exoskeleton-bearing organisms, such as corals, shelled mollusks, or crabs. It is mostly used to describe fish, but is also used when describing reptiles, including fossil turtles, placodonts and invertebrates, as well as Osteophagy, "bone-crushing" mammalian carnivores such as hyenas. Durophagy requires special adaptions, such as blunt, strong teeth and a heavy jaw. Bite force is necessary to overcome the physical constraints of consuming more durable prey and gain a competitive advantage over other organisms by gaining access to more diverse or exclusive food resources earlier in life. Those with greater bite forces require less time to consume certain prey items as a greater bite force can increase the net rate of energy intake when foraging and enhance fitness in durophagous species. In the order Carnivora there are two dietary categories of durophagy; bonecrackers and bamboo eaters. Bonecrackers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyena
Hyenas or hyaenas ( ; from Ancient Greek , ) are feliform carnivoran mammals belonging to the family Hyaenidae (). With just four extant species (each in its own genus), it is the fifth-smallest family in the order Carnivora and one of the smallest in the class Mammalia. Despite their low diversity, hyenas are unique and vital components of most African ecosystems. Although phylogenetically closer to felines and viverrids, hyenas are behaviourally and morphologically similar to canids in several elements due to convergent evolution: both hyenas and canines are non-arboreal, cursorial hunters that catch prey with their teeth rather than claws. Both eat food quickly and may store it, and their calloused feet with large, blunt, nonretractable claws are adapted for running and making sharp turns. However, hyenas' grooming, scent marking, defecation habits, mating, and parental behavior are consistent with the behavior of other feliforms. Hyenas feature prominently in the fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holocephali
Holocephali (Sometimes spelled Holocephala; Romanization of Greek, Greek for "complete head" in reference to the fusion of Palatoquadrate, upper jaw with the rest of the skull) is a Subclass (biology), subclass of Chondrichthyes, cartilaginous fish. While the only living holocephalans are three families within a single Order (biology), order which together are commonly known as chimaeras, the group includes many extinct orders and was far more diverse during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Era (geology), eras. The earliest known fossils of holocephalans date to the Middle Devonian period, and the group likely reached its peak diversity during the following Carboniferous period. Molecular clock studies suggest that the subclass diverged from its closest relatives, Elasmobranchii, elasmobranchs such as sharks and Batomorphi, rays, during the Early Devonian or Silurian period. Extinct holocephalans are typically divided into a number of orders, although the interrelationships of these gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhinoptera Bonasus (cownose Stingray Teeth & Mouthparts) 1
The cownose ray (''Rhinoptera bonasus'') is a species found throughout a large part of the western Atlantic and Caribbean, from New England to southern Brazil (the East Atlantic are now generally considered a separate species, the Lusitanian cownose ray (''R. marginata'')). These rays also belong to the order Myliobatiformes, a group that is shared by bat rays, manta rays, and eagle rays. Cownose rays prefer to live in shallower, coastal waters or estuaries. Size, lifespan, and maturity differ between male and female rays. Rays have a distinct shape, and it has two lobes at the front of its head, resembling a cow nose. Cownose rays can live between 16 and 21 years, depending on sex. Rays feed upon organisms with harder shells, such as clams, crustaceans, or mollusks. They are migratory creatures, where they migrate South in the winter and North in the summer. The rays are known to occupy the Chesapeake Bay in the summer months. In 2019, the species was listed as vulnera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piaractus Brachypomus - Squelette Mnhn Paris
''Piaractus'' is a genus of large serrasalmid from South America. The two traditionally recognized species of ''Piaractus'' are very similar in appearance and were formerly included in the genus ''Colossoma'', which currently only contains another similar species, the tambaqui (''Colossoma macropomum''). A third ''Piaractus'' was described in 2019 as a new species, but it was formerly considered a subpopulation of ''P. brachypomus''. Species There are currently three recognized species in this genus: * ''Piaractus brachypomus'' ( G. Cuvier, 1818) (Pirapatinga or red-bellied pacu) * ''Piaractus mesopotamicus ''Piaractus mesopotamicus'', the small-scaled pacu, Paraná River pacu or simply pacu (a name shared with Pacu, other species), is a South American ray-finned fish that is native to the Paraguay River, Paraguay-Paraná River basin,Nico, L.; and B ...'' ( Holmberg, 1887) (small-scaled pacu or Paraná River pacu) * '' Piaractus orinoquensis'' Escobar et al., 2019 References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shark
Sharks are a group of elasmobranch cartilaginous fish characterized by a ribless endoskeleton, dermal denticles, five to seven gill slits on each side, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. Modern sharks are classified within the Division (taxonomy), division Selachii and are the sister group to the Batoidea, Batomorphi (Batoidea, rays and skate (fish), skates). Some sources extend the term "shark" as an informal category including Extinction, extinct members of Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) with a shark-like morphology, such as hybodonts. Shark-like chondrichthyans such as ''Cladoselache'' and ''Doliodus'' first appeared in the Devonian Period (419–359 million years), though some fossilized chondrichthyan-like scales are as old as the Ordovician, Late Ordovician (458–444 million years ago). The earliest confirmed modern sharks (Selachii) are known from the Early Jurassic around , with the oldest known member being ''Agaleus'', though records of true shar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eagle Ray
The eagle rays are a group of cartilaginous fishes in the family Myliobatidae, consisting mostly of large species living in the open ocean rather than on the sea bottom. Eagle rays feed on mollusks, and crustaceans, crushing their shells with their flattened teeth. They are excellent swimmers and are able to breach the water up to several meters above the surface. Compared with other rays, they have long tails, and well-defined, rhomboidal bodies. They are ovoviviparous, giving birth to up to six young at a time. They range from in length and 7 m (23 ft) in wingspan. Classification Nelson's book ''Fishes of the World'' treats cownose rays, mantas, and devil rays as subfamilies in the Myliobatidae. However, most authors (including William Toby White) have preferred to leave the Rhinopteridae and Mobulidae outside of the Myliobatidae. White (2014) retained three genera (''Aetobatus'', ''Aetomylaeus'', and ''Myliobatis'') in the Myliobatidae, while a fourth (''Pteromylaeu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bullhead Shark
The bullhead sharks are members of the genus ''Heterodontus'', the only members of the family Heterodontidae and only living members of the order Heterodontiformes. All are relatively small, with the largest species reaching just in maximum length. They are bottom feeders in tropical and subtropical waters. The Heterodontiforms appear in the fossil record in the Early Jurassic. The oldest fossils of the modern genus date to the Late Jurassic. Despite the very ancient origins of this genus and its abundance in the fossil record, phylogenetic evidence indicates that all extant species in the genus arose from a single common ancestor that survived the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction, with diversification into modern species only starting around the mid-Eocene. Description Bullhead sharks have tapered bodies, with most species reaching around in length. Their bodies vary in colour, including shades of grey, brown, and red and pale colours, and are covered in a variety of pattern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chondrichthyans
Chondrichthyes (; ) is a class of jawed fish that contains the cartilaginous fish or chondrichthyans, which all have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage. They can be contrasted with the Osteichthyes or ''bony fish'', which have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. Chondrichthyes are aquatic vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, placoid scales, conus arteriosus in the heart, and a lack of opercula and swim bladders. Within the infraphylum Gnathostomata, cartilaginous fishes are distinct from all other jawed vertebrates. The class is divided into two subclasses: Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, skates and sawfish) and Holocephali ( chimaeras, sometimes called ghost sharks, which are sometimes separated into their own class). Extant chondrichthyans range in size from the finless sleeper ray to the over whale shark. Anatomy Skeleton The skeleton is cartilaginous. The notochord is gradually replaced by a vertebral column during development, excep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cichlids
Cichlids () are a large, diverse, and widespread family of Percomorpha, percomorph fish in the family (biology), family Cichlidae, order Cichliformes. At least 1,760 species have been Binomial nomenclature, scientifically described, making it one of the largest vertebrate families, with only the Cyprinidae being more speciose. New species are discovered annually, and many species remain Undescribed taxon, undescribed. The actual number of species is therefore unknown, with estimates varying between 2,000 and 3,000. They are native to the Neotropics, Africa (including Madagascar), the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent, although some species have been introduced worldwide. Many cichlids, particularly tilapia, are important food fishes, while others, such as the ''Cichla'' species, are valued game fish. The family also includes many popular freshwater aquarium fish fishkeeping, kept by hobbyists, including the freshwater angelfish, angelfish, Astronotus ocellatus, oscar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triggerfish
Triggerfish are about 40 species of often brightly colored marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Balistidae. Often marked by lines and spots, they inhabit tropical and subtropical oceans throughout the world, with the greatest species richness in the Indo-Pacific. Most are found in relatively shallow, coastal habitats, especially at coral reefs, but a few, such as the oceanic triggerfish (''Canthidermis maculata''), are pelagic. While several species from this family are popular in the marine aquarium trade, they are often notoriously ill-tempered. Taxonomy The triggerfish family, Balistidae, was first proposed in 1810 by the French polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque. The closest relatives to the triggerfishes are the filefishes belonging to the family Monacanthidae and these two families are sometimes classified together in the suborder Balistoidei, for example in the 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World''. Other authorities, however, also include the famili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piaractus Mesopotamicus
''Piaractus mesopotamicus'', the small-scaled pacu, Paraná River pacu or simply pacu (a name shared with Pacu, other species), is a South American ray-finned fish that is native to the Paraguay River, Paraguay-Paraná River basin,Nico, L.; and B. Loftus (7 October 2012)Piaractus mesopotamicus.USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Retrieved 13 March 2017. but it has been Introduced species, introduced by aquaculture activities in a wider area.A. A. Agostinho, L. C. Gomes, H. I. Suzuki, H. Ferreira Júlio Jr: ''Migratory fishes of the Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil.'' Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupelia). Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. In its native range it is also known as the pacú chato, pez chato ("flat fish") or mbiraí-piraí. ''Piaractus mesopotamicus'' is a robust fish, with ovoid shape, flattened laterally. Its colour is dark grey to silver, with a white belly and a yellow breast. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piaractus Brachypomus
''Piaractus brachypomus'' also known as the red-bellied Pacu or pirapitinga, is a large species of pacu, a close relative of piranhas and silver dollar (fish), silver dollars, in the serrasalmid family.Nico, L.; P. Fuller; and M. Neilson (22 October 2013)Piaractus brachypomus.USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Retrieved 2 March 2017. It is native to the Amazon basin in tropical South America, but it formerly included populations in the Orinoco, which was described in 2019 as a separate species, ''Piaractus orinoquensis, P. orinoquensis''.Escobar, M.D., R.P. Ota, A. Machado-Allison, I.P. Farias and T. Hrbek (2019). A new species of ''Piaractus'' (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) from the Orinoco Basin with a redescription of Piaractus brachypomus. Journal of Fish Biology: [1-x]. Additionally, ''P. brachypomus'' is widely Fish farming, farmed and has been Introduced species, introduced to other regions.SeriouslyFishPiaractus brachypomus.Retrieved 2 March 2017 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
