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Duke Xian Of Jin
Duke Xian of Jin (), personal name Ji Guizhu, was a ruler of the Jin state, reigning for 26 years. He moved the capital from Quwo (曲沃) to Jiang (絳). He was named after the Rongdi (戎狄) leader Guizhu (詭諸), whom his father and predecessor, Duke Wu, captured alive. During his reign, the Jin state became one of the most powerful and largest states due to his conquests of many small neighboring states. He is also renowned for the slaughter and exile of many ducal family members of Jin and for favoring one of his concubines, Li Ji. Rise to power When he ascended the throne, Duke Xian of Jin and the duke of Guo visited King Hui of Zhou and they were given rewards which resulted to the increase of their popularity throughout the states. He also adopted a strategy that his official, Shi Wei (士蒍), suggested which involves the slaughter and exile of almost all the royal family members of Jin to ensure that the throne of Jin will always be held by one of his descendants. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jin (Chinese State)
Jin (, Old Chinese: ''*''), originally known as Tang (唐), was a major Ancient Chinese states, state during the middle part of the Zhou dynasty, based near the centre of what was then China, on the lands attributed to the legendary Xia dynasty: the southern part of modern Shanxi. Although it grew in power during the Spring and Autumn period, its aristocratic structure saw it break apart when the duke lost power to his nobles. In 403BC, the Zhou court recognized Jin's three successor states: Han (Warring States), Han, Zhao (state), Zhao, and Wei (state), Wei. The Partition of Jin marks the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States period. Geography Jin was located in the lower Fen River drainage basin on the Shanxi plateau. To the north were the Xirong and Beidi peoples. To the west were the Lüliang Mountains and then the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi. To the southwest the Fen River turns west to join the south-flowing part of the Yello ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ji County, Shanxi
Ji County, also known by it Chinese language, Chinese name Jixian (), is a county (China), county in the west of the prefecture-level city of Linfen, in southwestern Shanxi Province, China. The county spans an area of approximately 1,780 square kilometers, and has a population of approximately 110,000 people as of 2013. History Under the Zhou dynasty, Zhou, the area of present-day Ji County was part of the territory of Jin (Chinese state), Jin. Its principal town Erqu () was the seat of the appenage given to Duke Xian of Jin, Duke Xian's son Ji Yiwu, who later became known as Duke Hui of Jin, Duke Hui. During the Three Kingdoms, Three Kingdoms period, the area belonged to the within the Cao Wei. The area belonged to the Northern Wei, Northern Wei dynasty, undergoing numerous administrative changes during the 5th century. The area then belonged to the Northern Qi and then the Northern Zhou, Northern Zhou dynasty. The area belonged to the Sui dynasty upon its establishment in 581 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Zhuo
Ji Zhuozi, also known as Daozi (), was briefly a ruler of the Jin state. He was the son of Duke Xian, and his mother Shao Ji (少姬) was the younger sister of Duke Xian's favored concubine Li Ji. When Duke Xian died in the ninth month of 651 BC, Ji Xiqi, the son of Li Ji, ascended the throne. However, only a month later Xiqi was killed by the minister Li Ke Li Ke (; 619 – 10 March 653), posthumously known as the Prince of Yùlín (鬱林王), often known by his greater title as the Prince of Wú (吳王), was an imperial prince of the Tang dynasty. As a highly honored son of Emperor Taizong, he w .... Chancellor Xun Xi (荀息) then installed Zhuozi, Xiqi's younger half-brother and cousin, on the throne. But Zhuozi met the same fate as Xiqi: a month later he was also killed by Li Ke, and Xun Xi committed suicide. After Zhuozi's death, Li Ke installed his older half-brother, Duke Hui, on the throne. Duke Hui would later force Li Ke to commit suicide for the crime of kill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Of Liang
Liang () was one of the State (Ancient China), states during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China, bordering the State of Qin, which collapsed due to internal strife and was later annexed by Duke Mu of Qin in 641 BCE. The rulers of Liang had the surname Ying (嬴).Yang Bojun, "Zuo Zhuan 17th Year of Xigong", Zhonghua Publishing 1990, p372 The capital of Liang was located south of modern Hancheng, Shaanxi, City of Hancheng in Shaanxi. In 703 BC, the rulers of the five states of Western Guo, Rui (state), Rui, Xun (state), Xun (荀國) and Jia (state), Jia (賈國), including the State of Liang, suppressed Duke Wu of Jin, Duke Wu of Quwo using armed force. In 654 BC, Duke Hui of Jin, Prince Yiwu from the Jin (Chinese state), State of Jin escaped to Liang. The ruler of Liang (梁伯) betrothed his daughter Liang Ying (梁嬴) to Prince Yiwu. In 642 BC, the ruler of Liang wanted to build a new capital but it was seized by the State of Qin after it was completed. In 641 BC, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thirty-Six Stratagems
The ''Thirty-Six Stratagems'' is a Chinese essay used to illustrate a series of stratagems used in politics, war, and civil interaction. Its focus on the use of cunning and deception both on the battlefield and in court have drawn comparisons to Sun Tzu's ''The Art of War''. Zhang Yingyu's ''The Book of Swindles'', a late-Ming dynasty work that focuses on the realms of commerce and civil society, shares some thematic similarities. Origin The name of the collection comes from the '' Book of Qi'' seventh biographical volume, ''Biography of Wang Jingze'' (). Wáng was a general who had served Southern Qi since the first Emperor Gao of the dynasty. When Emperor Ming came to power and executed many members of the court and royal family for fear that they would threaten his reign, Wang believed that he would be targeted next and rebelled. As Wang received news that Xiao Baojuan, son and crown prince of Emperor Ming, had escaped in haste after learning of the rebellion, he commen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qin (state)
Qin (, , or ''Ch'in'') was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. It is traditionally dated to 897 BC. The state of Qin originated from a reconquest of western lands that had previously been lost to the Xirong. Its location at the western edge of Chinese civilisation allowed for expansion and development that was not available to its rivals in the North China Plain. After extensive reform during the 4th century BC, Qin emerged as one of the dominant powers among the Seven Warring States. It Qin's wars of unification, unified the seven states of China under Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC. This unification established the Qin dynasty, which, despite its short duration, had a significant influence on later Chinese history. Accordingly, the state of Qin before the Qin dynasty was established is also referred to as the "predynastic Qin" or "proto-Qin". History Founding According to the 2nd-century BC ''Records of the Grand Historian'' by Sima Qian, the state of Qi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baili Xi
Baili Xi (; 7th century BC), courtesy name Ziming (子明), was an influential prime minister of the state of Qin during the Spring and Autumn period of China. Background Baili Xi was born during the Spring and Autumn period, a time of great internal chaos in China. Though talented, he came from a very poor family and was unable to realize his potential by the time he was in his 30s. After much encouragement from his wife, he left home to seek greener pastures and hopefully advance his career ambitions. He went to the prosperous state of Qi to seek his fortune. However, the government was riddled with corruption and he had no money to bribe the officials. Before long, he had used up all his money and was forced to beg in the street. While in Qi, he befriended Jian Shu (蹇叔), another fellow scholar. Jian Shu talked to him and found him extremely talented. Some years later, Baili Xi went to work in the minor state of Yu (虞国). He ended up in the state of Jin. Not wanti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quanrong
The Quanrong () or Dog Rong were an ethnic group, classified by the ancient Chinese as " Qiang", active in the northwestern part of China during and after the Zhou dynasty (1046–221 BCE). Their language or languages are considered to have been members of the Tibeto-Burman branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages. Etymology Scholars believe Quanrong was a later name for the Xianyun 猃狁 (written with ''xian'', defined as a kind of dog with a long snout 'Erya''or a black dog with a yellow face [''Shuowen Jiezi">Erya">'Erya<_a>''.html" ;"title="Erya.html" ;"title="'Erya">'Erya''">Erya.html" ;"title="'Erya">'Erya''or a black dog with a yellow face [''Shuowen Jiezi'']). According to sinologist Li Feng (sinologist), Li Feng, "It is very probable that when the term Xianyun came to be written with the two characters 獫狁, the notion of 'dog' associated with the character ''xian'' thus gave rise to the term Quanrong 犬戎, or the 'Dog Barbarians'." Claiming ancestry fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Ke (general)
Li Ke ( Chinese: 里克; died 650 BC) was a general and official of the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history. Biography Li Ke first appears in history as an official and general serving Duke Xian of Jin. In the summer of 658 BC, he led an army to attack the State of Guo (虢) with the assistance of the nearby State of Yu (虞), the duke of which granted Li Ke's army military access and the right to station near the Yu capital. Soon after Guo was conquered, Li Ke conquered Yu as well. This action, known as "Obtaining safe passage to conquer the State of Guo" (假道伐虢), was later enshrined as a part of the ''Thirty-Six Stratagems.'' Duke Xian died in 651 BC. As Shensheng, the crown prince, had committed suicide, the succession had come into a state of flux. Li Ji, the late duke's wife, placed prince Xiqi, her own son with the late duke, onto the throne, but a month later, Li Ke killed Xiqi, and Chancellor Xun Xi (荀息) installed prince Zhu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Guo (state)
Western Guo () was a vassal state in China during the Zhou dynasty. "Guo" was a kinship group that held at least five pieces of territory within the Zhou realm at various times. After King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang dynasty in 1046 BCE, his uncle Guo Shu received grants of land at Yong. The rulers of Western Guo held administrative positions in the court of the Zhou Kings through successive generations. A branch of Western Guo later founded Eastern Guo. Due to harassment and invasion by the Quanrong tribes, Western Guo moved eastwards, eventually migrating to today Sanmenxia in the Yellow River valley between Xi'an and Luoyang. A new capital was built at Shangyang (上阳) straddling both banks of the Yellow River. The Shangyang Guo was called "Southern Guo" (南虢) and Xiayang (下阳) "Northern Guo" (北虢). Later chronicles often became confused with the relationships among the various Guo's, but archaeological discoveries support the view that Northern and Southern Gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beidi
The Di or Beidi (Northern Di) were various ethnic groups who lived north of the Chinese ('' Huaxia'') realms during the Zhou dynasty. Although initially described as nomadic, they seem to have practiced a mixed pastoral, agricultural, and hunting economy and were distinguished from the nomads of the Eurasian steppe who lived to their north. Chinese historical accounts describe the Di inhabiting the upper Ordos Loop and gradually migrating eastward to northern Shanxi and northern Hebei, where they eventually created their own states like Zhongshan and Dai. Other groups of Di seem to have lived interspersed between the Chinese states before their eventual conquest or sinicization. Name The ancient Chinese, whose Xia, Shang, and Zhou states flourished along the Fen, Yellow, and Wei valleys, discussed their neighbors according to the cardinal directions. The Four Barbarians were the Di to the north, the Man to the south, the Yi to the east, and the Rong to the west. These ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhao (state)
Zhao () was one of the seven major State (Ancient China), states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It emerged from the Partition of Jin, tripartite division of Jin, along with Han (Warring States), Han and Wei (state), Wei, in the 5th century BC. Zhao gained considerable strength from the military reforms initiated during the reign of King Wuling of Zhao, King Wuling, but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Qin (state), Qin at the Battle of Changping. Its territory included areas in the modern provinces of Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi. It bordered the states of Qin, Wei, and Yan (state), Yan, as well as various nomadic peoples including the Donghu people, Hu and Xiongnu. Its capital was Handan, in modern Hebei province. Zhao was home to the Chinese Legalism, administrative philosopher Shen Dao, Confucian Xun Kuang, and Gongsun Long, who is affiliated to the school of names. Origins and ascendancy The Zhao (surname), Zhao clan within Jin ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
