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Dissenter Acts (Sweden)
Dissenter Acts ( sv, Dissenterlagarna) were laws, enacted by the King of Sweden with the consent of the Swedish Parliament, which gave nonconformists who wanted to leave the then established Church of Sweden the right to do so, provided that the dissenters then joined one of the state-approved denominations. The first such edict was decreed in 1860 by Karl XV and the '' Ståndsriksdag''; the second one in 1873 by Oscar II and the reorganized bicameral '' Riksdag''. Neither the ''Ståndsriksdag'', divided into four Estates, nor the newer ''Riksdag'' could be said to be truly democratic, though, as the suffrage was restricted to males who owned property. The 1873 edict remained in force until the 1951 Religious Freedom Act (''religionsfrihetslag''); the Church of Sweden remained the established state church until 2000. Despite the enactment of the Dissenter Acts, nonconformists were still required to financially support the then established Church of Sweden: :The state religion i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konung Carl XV, Svenskt Porträttgalleri
Germanic kingship is a thesis regarding the role of kings among the pre-Christianized Germanic tribes of the Migration period (c. 300–700 AD) and Early Middle Ages (c. 700–1,000 AD). The thesis holds that the institution of feudal monarchy developed, through contact with the Roman Empire and the Christian Church, from an earlier custom of sacral and military kingship based on both birth status and consent from subjects. The term barbarian kingdom is used in the context of those Germanic rulers who after 476 AD and during the 6th century ruled territories formerly part of the Western Roman Empire, especially the Barbarian kings of Italy. In the same context, Germanic law is also derisively termed ''leges barbarorum'' "barbarian law" etc. The thesis of Germanic kingship appeared in the nineteenth century and was influential in the historiography of early medieval society, but has since come under criticism for drawing generalizations from limited evidence. Alleged c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conventicle Act (Sweden)
The Conventicle Act ( sv, Konventikelplakatet) was a Swedish law, in effect between 21 January 1726 and 26 October 1858 in Sweden and until 1 July 1870 in Finland. The act outlawed all conventicles, or religious meetings of any kind, outside of the Lutheran Church of Sweden, with the exception of family prayer or worship. The purpose was to prevent freedom of religion and protect religious unity, as such unity was regarded as important to maintain the control of the Crown over the public through the Church. The law only applied to Swedish citizens, while the religious freedom of foreigners was protected by the Tolerance Act. History The law was initiated in 1726 to prevent the popularity of pietism, which was spreading rapidly in Sweden in the first half of the 18th century, and used, among others, against early proponents such as Thomas Leopold, Johan Stendahl, and Peter Spaak. During the 19th century, the Conventicle Act was used as a tool against the spread of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1873 In Christianity
Events January–March * January 1 ** Japan adopts the Gregorian calendar. ** The California Penal Code goes into effect. * January 17 – American Indian Wars: Modoc War: First Battle of the Stronghold – Modoc Indians defeat the United States Army. * February 11 – The Spanish Cortes deposes King Amadeus I, and proclaims the First Spanish Republic. * February 12 ** Emilio Castelar, the former foreign minister, becomes prime minister of the new Spanish Republic. ** The Coinage Act of 1873 in the United States is signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant; coming into effect on April 1, it ends bimetallism in the U.S., and places the country on the gold standard. * February 20 ** The University of California opens its first medical school in San Francisco. ** British naval officer John Moresby discovers the site of Port Moresby, and claims the land for Britain. * March 3 – Censorship: The United States Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1860 In Christianity
Year 186 ( CLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelius and Glabrio (or, less frequently, year 939 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 186 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Peasants in Gaul stage an anti-tax uprising under Maternus. * Roman governor Pertinax escapes an assassination attempt, by British usurpers. New Zealand * The Hatepe volcanic eruption extends Lake Taupō and makes skies red across the world. However, recent radiocarbon dating by R. Sparks has put the date at 233 AD ± 13 (95% confidence). Births * Ma Liang, Chinese official of the Shu Han state (d. 222) Deaths * April 21 – Apollonius the Apologist, Christian martyr * Bian Zhang, Chinese official and gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christianity And Law In The 19th Century
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global population. Its adherents, known as Christians, are estimated to make up a majority of the population in 157 countries and territories, and believe that Jesus is the Son of God, whose coming as the messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible (called the Old Testament in Christianity) and chronicled in the New Testament. Christianity began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the 1st century Hellenistic Judaism in the Roman province of Judea. Jesus' apostles and their followers spread around the Levant, Europe, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, the South Caucasus, Ancient Carthage, Egypt, and Ethiopia, despite significant initial persecution. It soon attracted gentile God-fearers, which led to a departure from Jewish customs, and, after the Fall of Jeru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Of Religion
Freedom of religion or religious liberty is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance. It also includes the freedom to change one's religion or beliefs, "the right not to profess any religion or belief", or "not to practise a religion". Freedom of religion is considered by many people and most nations to be a fundamental human right. In a country with a state religion, freedom of religion is generally considered to mean that the government permits religious practices of other sects besides the state religion, and does not persecute believers in other faiths (or those who have no faith). Freedom of belief is different. It allows the right to believe what a person, group, or religion wishes, but it does not necessarily allow the right to practice the religion or belief openly and outwardly in a public manner, a central facet of religious freedom. Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of Sweden
The law of Sweden is a civil law system, whose essence is manifested in its dependence on statutory law. Sweden's civil law tradition, as in the rest of Europe, is founded on classical Roman law, but on the German (rather than Napoleonic) model. But, over time Sweden along with the other Scandinavian countries have deviated significantly from the classical Roman and German model. Instead, the Scandinavian countries (Sweden, Norway, and Denmark) together with Finland, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Åland (self-governing) and Iceland may be said to have a special "Nordic" version of jurisprudence that is neither a truly civil law system nor a part of the British-derived common law legal system. Constitution Sweden has a written constitution consisting of four fundamental laws. A distinction is made between fundamental laws and other laws; the difference being that any amendment of fundamental laws requires two identical decisions to be made by the Riksdag (Sweden's national leg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1873 In Sweden
Events from the year 1873 in Sweden Incumbents * Monarch – Oscar II Events * - Foundation of the first women's rights organisation in Sweden, the Married Woman's Property Rights Association."Kvinnofrågan" i Sveriges land och folk i Projekt Runeberg * 5 May - The Scandinavian Monetary Union is founded. * - Swedish krona becomes the currency. Births * 10 April – Ingeborg Rönnblad, actress (died 1915) * 3 June – Anna Lisa Andersson, reporter (died 1958) * 13 June – Karin Swanström, actress, producer and director (died 1942) * 15 September – Ellen Hagen, suffragette, women's rights activist and politician (died 1967) Deaths * 4 March - Prince August, Duke of Dalarna, royalty (born 1831) * 27 March – Fanny Westerdahl, stage actress (died 1873) * 31 March - Maria Magdalena Mathsdotter, Sami (died 1835) * 20 May – Fredrica Ehrenborg, writer (born 1794) * – Ulrika von Strussenfelt, writer (born 1801) References Years of the 19th century in S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1860 In Sweden
Events from the year 1860 in Sweden Incumbents * Monarch – Charles XV Events * A.E. Schwabitz and A.E. Rudberg produces a proposal for the regulation of Gamla stan. * The Dissenter Acts (Sweden) allow citizens to leave the state church. * Kamewa is created. * Royal Gothenburg Yacht Club is founded. * The internal passport, until then needed to travel inside the country, is abolished. * Jeanette Berglind founds the pioneer institution ''Tysta Skolan'' (Silent School) for the deaf in Stockholm. Births * 21 January – Karl Staaff, prime minister (died 1915) * 7 February – Anna Norrie, actress (died 1957) * 18 February – Anders Zorn, painter (died 1920) * 28 May – Sigrid Elmblad, writer and translator (died 1926) * 31 July - Ellen Hartman, actress (died 1945) * Elin Engström, politician (Social Democrat), trade unionist and women's right activist (died 1956) * 17 December - Carl Lindhagen, politician (died 1926) Deaths * 11 May – Israel Hwasser, physician ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dissenter Act (Norway)
The Dissenter Act ( Norwegian: , formally (''Act concerning those who profess the Christian religion without being members of the State Church'')) is a Norwegian law from 1845 that allowed Christian denominations other than the Church of Norway to establish themselves in the country. It was enacted on 16 July 1845, and remained in effect until it was replaced by the Act Relating to Religious Communities, etc. () in 1969. Background In the 1000s, Christianity took over as the leading religion in Norway, and the Old Norse religion was eliminated. The Catholic Church thus gained a religious hegemony that lasted until the Reformation in 1537. The state church took over this role, and in 1569 Frederick II decreed that all foreigners coming to the kingdom had to prove that they were Lutheran Christians; otherwise they would be deported. In Christian V's Norwegian Code of 1687, the king's position as religious leader was established, and strict church discipline was introduced. The C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tolerance Act (Sweden)
The Tolerance Act ( sv, Toleransediktet) was a Swedish law, enacted by Gustav III of Sweden 24 January 1781. It guaranteed freedom of religion and full citizen rights for all Christian immigrants and foreign residents in Sweden. Background Since the Uppsala Synod of 1593, Lutheranism had officially been the only religion allowed in Sweden, though the foreign embassies were given dispensation, as well as other foreigners temporarily residing in the country. The Tolerance Act was introduced in line with the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment. There was also an economic motivation, namely, that religious toleration would make it easier for foreigners to work in Sweden. This was the point of view of Anders Chydenius when he presented his motion on the issue at the 1779 Riksdag. "Touched by the misfortunes of my fellow citizens and sensitive to the growth and strength of my native country, I have expressed my thoughts," he said. "The prejudices that seek to exterminate villagers by fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and millions of books. In addition to its archiving function, the Archive is an activist organization, advocating a free and open Internet. , the Internet Archive holds over 35 million books and texts, 8.5 million movies, videos and TV shows, 894 thousand software programs, 14 million audio files, 4.4 million images, 2.4 million TV clips, 241 thousand concerts, and over 734 billion web pages in the Wayback Machine. The Internet Archive allows the public to upload and download digital material to its data cluster, but the bulk of its data is collected automatically by its web crawlers, which work to preserve as much of the public web as possible. Its web archive, the Wayback Machine, contains hundreds of b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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