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Delusions
A delusion is a fixed belief that is not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence. As a pathology, it is distinct from a belief based on false or incomplete information, confabulation, dogma, illusion, hallucination, or some other misleading effects of perception, as individuals with those beliefs ''are'' able to change or readjust their beliefs upon reviewing the evidence. However: "The distinction between a delusion and a strongly held idea is sometimes difficult to make and depends in part on the degree of conviction with which the belief is held despite clear or reasonable contradictory evidence regarding its veracity." Delusions have been found to occur in the context of many pathological states (both general physical and mental) and are of particular diagnostic importance in psychosis, psychotic disorders including schizophrenia, paraphrenia, Mania, manic episodes of bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression. Types Delusions are categorized into four differe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grandiose Delusions
Delusions of grandeur, also known as grandiose delusions (GDs) or expansive delusions, are a subtype of delusion characterized by the extraordinary belief that one is famous, omnipotent, wealthy, or otherwise very powerful or of a high status. Grandiose delusions often have a religious, science fictional, or supernatural theme. Examples include the extraordinary belief that one is a deity or celebrity, or that one possesses fantastical talents, accomplishments, or superpowers. While non-delusional grandiose beliefs are somewhat common—occurring in at least 10% of the general population—and often positively influence a person's self-esteem, in some cases they may cause a person distress, in which case such beliefs may be clinically evaluated and diagnosed as a psychiatric disorder. When studied as a psychiatric disorder in clinical settings, grandiose delusions have been found to commonly occur with other disorders, including in two-thirds of patients in a manic state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persecutory Delusion
A persecutory delusion is a type of delusional condition in which the affected person believes that harm is going to occur to oneself by a persecutor, despite a clear lack of evidence. The person may believe that they are being targeted by an individual or a group of people. Persecution delusions are very diverse in terms of content and vary from the possible, although improbable, to the completely bizarre. The delusion can be found in various disorders, being more usual in psychotic disorders. Persecutory delusion is at the more severe end of the paranoia spectrum and can lead to multiple complications, from anxiety to suicidal ideation. Persecutory delusions have a high probability of being acted upon, for example not leaving the house due to fear, or acting violently. The persecutory delusion is a common type and is more prevalent in males. Persecutory delusions can be caused by a combination of genetic (family history) and environmental (drug and alcohol use, emotional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religious Delusion
A religious delusion is defined as a delusion, or fixed belief not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence, involving religious themes or subject matter., cited in: Religious faith, meanwhile, is defined as "confidence or trust in a person or thing" or "belief that is not based on proof."Russell, Bertrand"Will Religious Faith Cure Our Troubles?" ''Human Society in Ethics and Politics''. Ch 7. Pt 2. Retrieved 16 August 2009. Psychologists, scientists, and philosophers have debated the distinction between the two, which is subjective and cultural. Definition Individuals experiencing religious delusions are preoccupied with religious subjects that are not within the expected beliefs for an individual's background, including culture, education, and known experiences of religion. These preoccupations are incongruous with the mood of the subject. Falling within the definition also are delusions arising in psychotic depression; however, these must present within a majo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychosis
In psychopathology, psychosis is a condition in which a person is unable to distinguish, in their experience of life, between what is and is not real. Examples of psychotic symptoms are delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized or incoherent thoughts or speech. Psychosis is a description of a person's state or symptoms, rather than a particular mental illness, and it is not related to psychopathy (a personality construct characterized by impaired empathy and remorse, along with bold, disinhibited, and egocentric traits). Common causes of chronic (i.e. ongoing or repeating) psychosis include schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and brain damage (usually as a result of alcoholism). Acute (temporary) psychosis can also be caused by severe distress, sleep deprivation, sensory deprivation, some medications, and drug use (including alcohol, cannabis, hallucinogens, and stimulants). Acute psychosis is termed primary if it results from a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delusional Disorder
Delusional disorder, traditionally synonymous with paranoia, is a mental illness in which a person has delusions, but with no accompanying prominent hallucinations, thought disorder, mood disorder, or significant flattening of affect. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). '' Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'', (5th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Delusions are a specific symptom of psychosis. Delusions can be bizarre or non-bizarre in content; non-bizarre delusions are fixed false beliefs that involve situations that could occur in real life, such as being harmed or poisoned.Hales E and Yudofsky JA, eds, ''The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Psychiatry'', Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2003 Apart from their delusion or delusions, people with delusional disorder may continue to socialize and function in a normal manner and their behavior does not necessarily seem odd.Winokur, George ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ideas Of Reference
Ideas of reference and delusions of reference describe the phenomenon of an individual experiencing innocuous events or mere coincidences and believing they have strong personal significance. It is "the notion that everything one perceives in the world relates to one's own destiny", usually in a negative and hostile manner. In psychiatry, delusions of reference form part of the diagnostic criteria for psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia, delusional disorder, and bipolar disorder with mania, as well as for schizotypal personality disorder. To a lesser extent, their presence can be a hallmark of paranoid personality disorder, as well as body dysmorphic disorder. They can be found in autism during periods of intense stress. They can also be caused by intoxication, such as from stimulants like methamphetamine. Psychedelics like psilocybin have also been reported to produce ideas of reference during experiences. Psychoanalytic views In Sigmund Freud's view, "Delusi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delusional Jealousy
Pathological jealousy, also known as morbid jealousy, is a psychological disorder characterized by a pervasive preoccupation with the belief that one's spouse or romantic partner is being unfaithful, despite the absence of any real or substantiated evidence. The condition encompasses two primary clinical subtypes: obsessional jealousy and delusional jealousy, the latter also referred to as Othello syndrome. Obsessive jealousy is generally classified as a subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder, reflecting recurrent, intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors related to concerns about infidelity. In contrast, delusional jealousy is recognized as a subtype of delusional disorder, involving fixed, false beliefs concerning a partner’s infidelity that are resistant to reason or contrary evidence. Delusional jealousy This disorder is characterised by persistent suspicions of a partner’s infidelity that are not supported by the evidence. Individuals affected by the condition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erotomania
Erotomania, also known as de Clérambault's syndrome, is a relatively uncommon paranoia, paranoid condition that is characterized by an individual's delusions of another person being infatuation, infatuated with them. It is listed in the DSM-5 as a subtype of a delusional disorder. Commonly, the onset of erotomania is sudden, and the course is chronic. This disorder is most often seen (though not exclusively) in female patients who are shy, dependent, and sexually inexperienced. The object of the delusion is typically a male who is unattainable due to high social or financial status, marriage, or lack of interest. The object of obsession may also be imaginary, deceased, or someone the patient has never met. Delusions of reference are common, as the erotomanic individual often perceives that they are being sent messages from the secret admirer through innocuous events such as seeing license plates from specific regions. Symptoms The core symptom of erotomania is that the individua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hallucination
A hallucination is a perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the compelling sense of reality. They are distinguishable from several related phenomena, such as dreaming ( REM sleep), which does not involve wakefulness; pseudohallucination, which does not mimic real perception, and is accurately perceived as unreal; illusion, which involves distorted or misinterpreted real perception; and mental imagery, which does not mimic real perception, and is under voluntary control. Hallucinations also differ from " delusional perceptions", in which a correctly sensed and interpreted stimulus (i.e., a real perception) is given some additional significance. Hallucinations can occur in any sensory modality— visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, proprioceptive, equilibrioceptive, nociceptive, thermoceptive and chronoceptive. Hallucinations are referred to as multimodal if multiple sensory modalities occur. A mild form of hallucination is known as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delusional Parasitosis
Delusional parasitosis (DP), also called delusional infestation, is a mental health condition where a person falsely believes that their body is infested with living or nonliving agents. Common examples of such agents include parasites, insects, or bacteria. This is a delusion due to the belief persisting despite evidence that no infestation is present. People with this condition may have skin symptoms such as the urge to pick at one's skin (Excoriation disorder, excoriation) or a sensation resembling insects crawling on or under the skin (formication). Morgellons, Morgellons disease is a related constellation of symptoms. This self-diagnosed condition is considered a form of a type of delusional parasitosis. People with Morgellons falsely believe harmful fibers are coming out of their skin and causing wounds. Delusional parasitosis is classified as a delusional disorder in the fifth revision of the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (DSM-5). The precise cau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychotic Depression
Psychotic depression, also known as depressive psychosis, is a major depressive episode that is accompanied by psychotic symptoms.Hales E and Yudofsky JA, eds, The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Psychiatry, Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2003 It can occur in the context of bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder. Psychotic depression can be difficult to distinguish from schizoaffective disorder, a diagnosis that requires the presence of psychotic symptoms for at least two weeks without any mood symptoms present. Unipolar psychotic depression requires that psychotic symptoms occur during severe depressive episodes, although residual psychotic symptoms may also be present in between episodes (e.g., during remission, mild depression, etc.). Diagnosis using the DSM-5 involves meeting the criteria for a major depressive episode, along with the criteria for " mood-congruent or mood-incongruent psychotic features" specifier. Signs and symptoms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
