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Channel Islands Occupation Society
The Channel Islands Occupation Society (CIOS) is a voluntary organisation that seeks to study all aspects of the German occupation of the Channel Islands and to raise awareness and educate the public about the occupation during the Second World War. There are two branches, one in Jersey and the other in Guernsey, that take turns in publishing the ''Channel Islands Occupation Review''. The CIOS manages many German fortifications and archives on both islands. Jersey branch The Jersey branch was set up in 1971. In 2010 it was converted into a limited liability company. Sites open to the public: * Battery Lothringen, (underground command bunker, coastal artillery observation tower) * Battery Moltke * Strongpoint Corbière, (‘M19’ fortress mortar bunker with linked MG bunker, 10.5cm K331 (f) coastal defence gun casemate) * Sechsschartenturm, St. Ouen * Anti-tank gun casemate at Millbrook, St. Lawrence Guernsey Branch Founded in 1961, by Richard Heaume, M.B.E.,in Guernsey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jersey
Jersey ( , ; nrf, Jèrri, label= Jèrriais ), officially the Bailiwick of Jersey (french: Bailliage de Jersey, links=no; Jèrriais: ), is an island country and self-governing Crown Dependency near the coast of north-west France. It is the largest of the Channel Islands and is from the Cotentin Peninsula in Normandy. The Bailiwick consists of the main island of Jersey and some surrounding uninhabited islands and rocks including Les Dirouilles, Les Écréhous, Les Minquiers, and Les Pierres de Lecq. Jersey was part of the Duchy of Normandy, whose dukes became kings of England from 1066. After Normandy was lost by the kings of England in the 13th century, and the ducal title surrendered to France, Jersey remained loyal to the English Crown, though it never became part of the Kingdom of England. Jersey is a self-governing parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy, with its own financial, legal and judicial systems, and the power of self-determination ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fort Hommet 10
A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ("to make"). From very early history to modern times, defensive walls have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest. Some settlements in the Indus Valley civilization were the first small cities to be fortified. In ancient Greece, large stone walls had been built in Mycenaean Greece, such as the ancient site of Mycenae (famous for the huge stone blocks of its 'cyclopean' walls). A Greek '' phrourion'' was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military garrison, and is the equivalent of the Roman castellum or English fortress. These constructions mainly served the purpose of a watch tower, to guard certain roads, passes, and borders. Though smaller than a real fortress, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clubs And Societies In Jersey
Club may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Club'' (magazine) * Club, a '' Yie Ar Kung-Fu'' character * Clubs (suit), a suit of playing cards * Club music * "Club", by Kelsea Ballerini from the album ''kelsea'' Brands and enterprises * Club (cigarette), a Scottish brand of cigarettes * Club (German cigarette), a German brand of cigarettes * Club Med, a holiday company Food * Club (soft drink) * Club Crackers * Club sandwich * Club (biscuit), a brand of biscuits manufactured by Jacob's (Ireland) and McVitie's (UK) Objects * Club (weapon), a blunt-force weapon * Golf club * Indian club, an exercise device * Juggling club * Throwing club, an item of sport equipment used in the club throw * Throwing club, an alternative name for a throwing stick Organizations * Club (organization), a type of association * Book discussion club, also called a book club or reading circle * Book sales club, a marketing mechanism * Cabaret club * Gentlemen's club (traditional) * Health c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military History Of The Channel Islands During World War II
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberation Of The German-occupied Channel Islands
The Channel Islands, Crown Dependencies of the United Kingdom, were occupied during World War II by German Army forces from 30 June 1940, until May 1945. They were liberated by British forces following the general German surrender. Considered not defendable by the British government in 1940, the islands were demilitarised and some civilians were given the opportunity to evacuate to England before the German forces arrived. The island leaders and some civil servants were asked to stay in their posts to look after the civilians in their care. Over 41,101 civilians remained on Jersey, 24,429 on Guernsey and 470 on Sark. Alderney had just 18. Apart from undertaking a few commando raids, the islands were ignored by the British government until June 1944 when additional attacks on German shipping and radar units took place. To avoid starvation of civilians, The British government allowed Red Cross parcels to be sent to the islands during the winter of 1944–45. Liberation would ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Fortification Of Guernsey
After the Wehrmacht occupied the Channel Islands on 30June 1940, they assessed the existing defences to determine if they would be of use. The Germans found the Islands' fortifications antiquated and woefully inadequate for modern warfare. Because the Germans expected to invade the United Kingdom in the autumn of 1940, they decided that expenditure on defences for the islands would be a waste. Initially the Germans built only ''feldmässige Anlage'' (field-type construction) positions. By 1941 the prospect of conquering Britain had decreased and the probability of an eastern war increased, requiring defences to be built to reduce the number and quality of troops required to defend the western ocean areas. Whilst the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine had their roles in protecting the islands from the Allies, the occupying forces put their main effort into land defences aimed at repelling a seaborne or airborne assault. The resulting construction work in the Channel Islands was extensive; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resistance In The German-occupied Channel Islands
During the German occupation of the Channel Islands, there was limited resistance. The islands had a very high number of German soldiers compared to the civilian population, one soldier for every 2-3 civilians, which reduced options; this linked to the severe penalties imposed by the occupiers meant that only forms of non-lethal resistance were used by the population. Even so, over twenty civilians died for resistance against the occupiers. Background From the British declaration of war on Germany in September 1939 until May 1940, a number of Channel Islanders had left to volunteer for the armed forces in Britain or to work in associated war industries, whilst British people came to the Channel Islands on holiday. On 10 May 1940, Nazi Germany invaded France and the Low Countries. The ''Blitzkrieg'' (Lightning War) tactics took the Western powers by surprise. By the time of the resignation of the French Prime Minister Paul Reynaud on 16 June, it was obvious that Germany vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deportations From The German-occupied Channel Islands
On direct instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi German forces deported and interned 2,300 Channel Islands civilian residents. The stated reason was retaliation for internment of German citizens in Persia by the British Government. Prelude The Channel islands, comprising the Bailiwick of Jersey and Bailiwick of Guernsey, which also comprised Alderney and Sark, fell under German occupation of the Channel Islands, German control on 30 June 1940. Prior to this, the lightning Blitzkrieg resulting in the Battle of France, fall of France gave the British government and the island governments just enough time to evacuate those who were willing to leave the islands immediately. Approximately 25,000 left, while 66,000 remained. There were 41,101 left in Jersey, 24,429 in Guernsey and 470 in Sark, with just 18 in Alderney. The British Government had decided on 15 June to demilitarise and abandon the Channel Islands, so all military personnel, weapons and equipment had been taken to England ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Living With The Enemy In The German-occupied Channel Islands
During the five-year German occupation of the Channel Islands (30 June 1940 to 9 May 1945) civilian life became much more difficult. During that time, the Channel Islanders had to live under and obey the laws of Nazi Germany and work with their occupiers in order to survive and reduce the impact of occupation. Given no guidance on how to behave by the British government, there were individuals who got close to the enemy and others who undertook resistance activities. Most felt they had no choice but to accept the changes and depredations to their lives and hope that external forces would someday remove the forces of occupation. The winter of 1944-45 was particularly hard when food and fuel were in short supply and liberation seemed so close and yet so far away. However, between major events and milestones in the occupation, daily life continued as best as it could given the circumstances. Overall, and considering that at times there were two German soldiers and one Organisation To ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civilian Life Under The German Occupation Of The Channel Islands
During the five-year German occupation of the Channel Islands (30 June 1940 to 9 May 1945) civilian life became much more difficult. During that time, the Channel Islanders had to live under and obey the laws of Nazi Germany and work with their occupiers in order to survive and reduce the impact of occupation. Given no guidance on how to behave by the British government, there were individuals who got close to the enemy and others who undertook resistance activities. Most felt they had no choice but to accept the changes and depredations to their lives and hope that external forces would someday remove the forces of occupation. The winter of 1944-45 was particularly hard when food and fuel were in short supply and liberation seemed so close and yet so far away. However, between major events and milestones in the occupation, daily life continued as best as it could given the circumstances. Overall, and considering that at times there were two German soldiers and one Organisation To ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evacuation Of Civilians From The Channel Islands In 1940
The evacuation of civilians from the Channel Islands in 1940 was an organised, partial, nautical Emergency evacuation, evacuation of Crown dependencies in the Channel Islands, primarily from Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney to Great Britain during World War II. The evacuation occurred in phases, starting with school aged children, their teachers, and mother volunteers. The islands and the British military began the evacuation following the Allies of World War II, Allies' loss in the Battle of France, after which the British Army withdrew from the islands. Background The occupants of the Channel Islands became involved in European events of 1938–39 only as distant and worried listeners to the radio and readers of newspapers. The declaration of War by Britain on 3 September 1939 increased the concern. However, life in the islands continued much as normal. By spring 1940 the islands were advertising themselves as holiday destinations. On 10 May 1940, the Phoney War ended and Belgium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Lawrence, Jersey
St Lawrence (; Jèrriais: ) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. It is located west of St Helier. The parish covers 5,258 vergées (9.5 km2) and occupies the centre of the Island. St Lawrence Village is also the name of a village in the parish. Much of the parish is inland, though it has a short stretch of coastline in St Aubin's Bay. It borders St Peter and St Mary to the west, St John to the north and east, and St Helier to the east. History As with every Jersey parish, its name derives from the name of its parish church. In this case, the church is dedicated to St Lawrence, who was martyred in Rome in 258 AD. The church was possibly situated on the site of a Celtic monastery from the Dark Age. The Jersey parish system has been in place for centuries. By Norman times, the parish boundaries were firmly fixed and remain largely unchanged since.Syvret, Marguerite (2011). ''Balleine's History of Jersey''. The History Press. . In 1180 Jersey was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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