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Centrolew
The ''Centrolew'' (, ''Center-Left'') was a coalition of several Polish political parties ( Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie", German Socialist Labour Party of Poland, Polish People's Party "Piast", National Workers' Party, Polish Socialist Party and Christian-democratic parties) after the 1928 ''Sejm'' elections. The coalition was directed against Józef Piłsudski and the Sanation government. To counter the ''Centrolew'', prior to the 1930 ''Sejm'' elections, ''Centrolew'' politicians were subjected to repressions (most famously, imprisonment in the Brest Fortress, and the subsequent Brest trials The Brest trials ( pl, Proces brzeski) were among the most famous trials conducted under the Second Polish Republic. Lasting from 26 October 1931 to 13 January 1932, they were held at the Warsaw Regional Court where leaders of the ''Centrolew'', a ...). The ''Centrolew'' was defeated in the elections and broke up as a coalition. References Defunct political party alliances ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1930 Polish Legislative Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 16 November 1930, with Senate elections held a week later on 23 November.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1491 In what became known as the ''Brest elections'' ( pl, Wybory brzeskie), the pro- Sanation Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government took 47% of the vote and 249 of the 444 seats in Sejm and 77 of the 111 seats in the Senate. The elections are known as the least free elections in the Second Polish Republic due to the Brest trial controversy. Controversy The elections were rigged by the pro- Sanacja elements in the Polish government under the control of Józef Piłsudski (although Piłsudski left most of the details of the internal politics to others). After the BBWR came up well short of a majority in the 1928 elections, Sanacja and Piłsudski left nothing to chance. The elections were supposed to take place in May, but the government invalidated the May results b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centrolew Dolina Szwajcarska
The ''Centrolew'' (, ''Center-Left'') was a coalition of several Polish political parties (Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie", German Socialist Labour Party of Poland, Polish People's Party "Piast", National Workers' Party, Polish Socialist Party and Christian-democratic parties) after the 1928 ''Sejm'' elections. The coalition was directed against Józef Piłsudski and the Sanation government. To counter the ''Centrolew'', prior to the 1930 ''Sejm'' elections, ''Centrolew'' politicians were subjected to repressions (most famously, imprisonment in the Brest Fortress, and the subsequent Brest trials The Brest trials ( pl, Proces brzeski) were among the most famous trials conducted under the Second Polish Republic. Lasting from 26 October 1931 to 13 January 1932, they were held at the Warsaw Regional Court where leaders of the ''Centrolew'', ...). The ''Centrolew'' was defeated in the elections and broke up as a coalition. References Defunct political party alliances ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1928 Polish Legislative Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 4 March 1928, with Senate elections held a week later on 11 March.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1491 The Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government, a coalition of the ''Sanation'' faction - won the highest number of seats in the Sejm (125 out of 444) and 48 out of 111 in the Senate–in both cases, short of a majority. Unlike latter elections during the Sanation era, opposition parties were allowed to campaign with only a few hindrances, and also gained a significant number of seats. The 1928 election is generally considered the last free election in Poland until 1989 or 1991, depending on the source.A. J. Groth, ''Polish Elections 1919-1928'', Slavic Review, Vol. 24, No. 4. (Dec., 1965), pp. 653-665JSTOR Last accessed on 14 April 2007Kenneth Ka-Lok Chan, ''Poland at the Crossroads: The 1993 General Election'', Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 47, No. 1. (1995), pp. 123-145JSTOR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanacja
Sanation ( pl, Sanacja, ) was a Polish political movement that was created in the interwar period, prior to Józef Piłsudski's May 1926 ''Coup d'État'', and came to power in the wake of that coup. In 1928 its political activists would go on to form the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (BBWR). The Sanation movement took its name from Piłsudski's aspirations for a moral "sanation" (healing) of the Polish body politic. The movement functioned integrally until his death in 1935. Following Piłsudski's death, Sanation split into several competing factions, including "the Castle" (President Ignacy Mościcki and his partisans)."''Sanacja''," '' Encyklopedia Polski'', p. 601. Sanation, which advocated authoritarian rule, rested on a circle of Piłsudski's close associates, including Walery Sławek, Aleksander Prystor, Kazimierz Świtalski, Janusz Jędrzejewicz, Adam Koc, Józef Beck, Tadeusz Hołówko, Bogusław Miedziński, and Edward Rydz-Śmigły. It pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brest Trials
The Brest trials ( pl, Proces brzeski) were among the most famous trials conducted under the Second Polish Republic. Lasting from 26 October 1931 to 13 January 1932, they were held at the Warsaw Regional Court where leaders of the ''Centrolew'', a "Center-Left" anti-Sanation-government political-opposition movement, were tried. Overview The Polish Sanation government had invalidated the May 1930 election results by disbanding the parliament in August and with increasing pressure on the opposition started a new campaign, the new elections being scheduled for November. Using anti-government demonstrations as a pretext, 20 members of the opposition, including most of the leaders of the ''Centrolew'' alliance (from Polish Socialist Party, Polish People's Party "Piast" and Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie") were arrested in September without a warrant, only strictly on the order of Józef Piłsudski and the then Minister of Internal Security, Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski, accusi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"
Polish Peasant Party "Wyzwolenie" or Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"''Wyzwolenie'' is Polish for ''Liberation'', and many sources translate the party's name fully as Polish Peasant Party "Liberation" or Polish People's Party "Liberation" (Polish: ''Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe "Wyzwolenie"'', abbreviated as PSL Wyzwolenie) was a political party from the interwar period of the Second Polish Republic (1915–1931). It was formed in 1915 by several peasant parties in Kingdom of Poland. In comparison to Polish People's Party "Piast", it was a left-wing party, and an ally of Polish Socialist Party (''Polska Partia Socjalistyczna''). PSL Wyzwolenie supported the May Coup in 1926, but soon afterwards distanced itself from ''Sanation'' and joined the opposition. In 1931 it merged with several other parties forming the People's Party (''Stronnictwo Ludowe''). Politicians Important politicians included: * Gabriel Narutowicz Gabriel Józef Narutowicz (; 29 March 1865 – 16 Decemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Workers' Party
The National Workers' Party ( pl, Narodowa Partia Robotnicza, NPR) was a political party in Poland. History The NPR was established in Warsaw on 23 May 1920 by a merger of the National Workers' Union and the National Party of Workers.Jerzy Jan Lerski (1996) ''Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945'', Greenwood Publishing Group, p380 Strongest in Greater Poland, Pomerania, Łódź and Silesia, it had around 150,000 members by the following year. It received around 5% of the vote in the 1922 elections, winning 18 seats in the Sejm and three in the Senate. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', pp1509–1512 The party was a member of the Józef Piłsudski governments until 1926, but then split into two factions; one retained the NPR name, whilst the other became known as NPR-Left. The NPR-Left supported Piłsudski's Sanation regime, whilst the NPR, which had been reduced to around 80,000 members, opposed it. The 1928 elections saw the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Socialist Party
The Polish Socialist Party ( pl, Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS) is a socialist political party in Poland. It was one of the most important parties in Poland from its inception in 1892 until its merger with the communist Polish Workers' Party to form the Polish United Workers' Party in 1948. Józef Piłsudski, founder of the Second Polish Republic, belonged to and later led the PPS in the early 20th century. The party was re-established in 1987, near the end of the Polish People's Republic. However, it remained in the margins of Polish politics until 2019, when it was able to win a seat in the Senate of Poland. History The PPS was founded in Paris in 1892 (see the Great Emigration). In 1893 the party called Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania, (SDKPiL), emerged from the PPS, with the PPS being more nationalist and oriented towards Polish independence, and the SDKPiL being more revolutionary and communist. In November 1892 the leading personaliti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Socialist Labour Party Of Poland
The German Socialist Labour Party of Poland (german: Deutsche Sozialistische Arbeitspartei Polens, abbreviated DSAP, pl, Niemiecka Socjalistyczna Partia Pracy w Polsce) was a political party organizing German Social Democrats in interbellum Poland. Nominally, the DSAP was founded at a conference in Chorzów on August 9, 1925, through the merger of the Silesia/West Prussia-based German Social Democratic Party of Poland (DSPP) and the Łódź-based German Labour Party of Poland (DAP). The merger wasn't fully effective though, and in practice the two parties continued separate existences until the merger was finalized until 1929. An 'Executive of the DSAP' was formed after the nominal founding of the party, consisting of Siegmund Glücksmann, Johann Kowoll, Buchwald, Kociolek, Ludwig Kuk, Klim, Arthur Pankrantz and Emil Zerbe. '' Kattowitzer Volkswille'' was assigned as the central party organ. One of the first actions of the party executive was the publication of the 'Manifesto of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–31)
The Polish People's Party is a Polish agrarian political party. Polish People's Party may also refer to: * Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–31) * Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie", active in the interwar period * Polish People's Party (Czechoslovakia), active in the 1920s * Polska Partia Ludowa (Czechoslovakia) *Polish People's Party "Left", active in the 1920s * People's Party, union of PSL Wyzwolenie, PSL Piast and Stronnictwo Chłopskie *Polish People's Party (1945–49) * Polish People's Party "Nowe Wyzwolenie", active after World War II * United People's Party, satellite party of Polish United Workers Party in Polish People's Republic * Polish People's Party-Peasants' Agreement, active since 1991 to 1999 * Polska Partia Ludowa (Lithuania), active since 2002 *Polish People's Party "Piast" (founded 2006) Piast Faction ( pl, Stronnictwo Piast, SP), informally Piast Party, formerly Polish People's Party "Piast" ( pl, Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe Piast, PSL Piast); is a po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Józef Piłsudski
Józef Klemens Piłsudski (; 5 December 1867 – 12 May 1935) was a Polish statesman who served as the Naczelnik państwa, Chief of State (1918–1922) and Marshal of Poland, First Marshal of Second Polish Republic, Poland (from 1920). He was considered the ''de facto'' leader (1926–35) of the Second Polish Republic as the Ministry of National Defence (Poland), Minister of Military Affairs. After World War I, he held increasing dominance in Politics of Poland, Polish politics and was an active player in international diplomacy. He is viewed as a father of the Second Polish Republic re-established in 1918, 123 years after the final Partitions of Poland, Partition of Poland in 1795. Seeing himself as a descendant of the culture and traditions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Piłsudski believed in a multi-ethnic Poland—"a home of nations" including indigenous ethnic and religious minorities. Early in his political career, Piłsudski became a leader of the Polish Socia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute Of National Remembrance
The Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation ( pl, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, abbreviated IPN) is a Polish state research institute in charge of education and archives with investigative and lustration powers. The IPN was established by the Polish parliament by the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance of 18 December 1998, which incorporated the earlier Main Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation of 1991. IPN itself had replaced a body on Nazi crimes established in 1945. In 2018, IPN's mission statement was amended by the controversial Amendment to the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance to include "protecting the reputation of the Republic of Poland and the Polish Nation". The IPN investigates Nazi and Communist crimes committed between 1917 and 1990, documents its findings, and disseminates them to the publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
