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COBUILD
COBUILD, an acronym for Collins Birmingham University International Language Database, is a British research facility set up at the University of Birmingham in 1980 and funded by Collins publishers. The facility was initially led by Professor John Sinclair. The most important achievements of the COBUILD project have been the creation and analysis of an electronic corpus of contemporary text, the ''Collins Corpus'', later leading to the development of the Bank of English, and the production of the monolingual learner's dictionary ''Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary'', again based on the study of the COBUILD corpus and first published in 1987. A number of other dictionaries and grammars have also been published, all based exclusively on evidence from the Bank of English The Bank of English is a representative subset of the 4.5 billion words COBUILD corpus, a collection of English texts. These are mainly British in origin, but content from North America, Australia, New ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monolingual Learner's Dictionary
A monolingual learner's dictionary (MLD) is designed to meet the reference needs of people learning a foreign language. MLDs are based on the premise that language-learners should progress from a bilingual dictionary to a monolingual one as they become more proficient in their target language, but that general-purpose dictionaries (aimed at native speakers) are inappropriate for their needs. Dictionaries for learners include information on grammar, usage, common errors, collocation, and pragmatics, which is largely missing from standard dictionaries, because native speakers tend to know these aspects of language intuitively. And while the definitions in standard dictionaries are often written in difficult language, those in an MLD use a simple and accessible defining vocabulary. History of English language MLDs The first English MLD, published in 1935, was the ''New Method English Dictionary'' by Michael West and James Endicott, a small dictionary using a restricted defining v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank Of English
The Bank of English is a representative subset of the 4.5 billion words COBUILD corpus, a collection of English texts. These are mainly British in origin, but content from North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and other Commonwealth countries is also being included. The majority of the texts are from written English, collected from websites, newspapers, magazines and books. There is also a large component of spoken data using material from radio, TV and informal conversations. The Bank of English totals 650 million running words. Copies of the corpus are held both at HarperCollins Publishers and the University of Birmingham. The version at Birmingham can be accessed for academic research. The Bank of English forms part of the ''Collins Word Web'' together with the French, German and Spanish corpora. See also * Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) * British National Corpus The British National Corpus (BNC) is a 100-million-word text corpus of samples of w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HarperCollins
HarperCollins Publishers LLC is one of the Big Five English-language publishing companies, alongside Penguin Random House, Simon & Schuster, Hachette, and Macmillan. The company is headquartered in New York City and is a subsidiary of News Corp. The name is a combination of several publishing firm names: Harper & Row, an American publishing company acquired in 1987—whose own name was the result of an earlier merger of Harper & Brothers (founded in 1817) and Row, Peterson & Company—together with Scottish publishing company William Collins, Sons (founded in 1819), acquired in 1989. The worldwide CEO of HarperCollins is Brian Murray. HarperCollins has publishing groups in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, India, and China. The company publishes many different imprints, both former independent publishing houses and new imprints. History Collins Harper Mergers and acquisitions Collins was bought by Rupert Murdoch's News C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John McHardy Sinclair
John McHardy Sinclair (14 June 1933 – 13 March 2007) was a Professor of Modern English Language at Birmingham University from 1965 to 2000. He pioneered work in corpus linguistics, discourse analysis, lexicography, and language teaching. Biography Moving from Scotland to Birmingham in 1965 with his wife Myfanwy Sinclair and their three children, John Sinclair began work at the University of Birmingham as the foundation chair of Modern English Language. Sinclair was a first-generation modern corpus linguist and the founder of the COBUILD project. This project's aim was to build corpus-driven lexicons for foreign learners of English. He became chief adviser of Collins' ''Cobuild English Language Dictionary,'' whose first edition was published in 1987. He was known for having unconventional ideas which helped to advance the young field of corpus linguistics. His ''Corpus, Concordance, Collocation'' formulated the ''idiom principle''. Though he had written many books, at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Birmingham
The University of Birmingham (informally Birmingham University) is a Public university, public research university located in Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom. It received its royal charter in 1900 as a successor to Queen's College, Birmingham (founded in 1825 as the William Sands Cox, Birmingham School of Medicine and Surgery), and Mason Science College (established in 1875 by Sir Josiah Mason), making it the first English red brick university, civic or 'red brick' university to receive its own royal charter. The present iteration of the university was modeled after Cornell University. It is a founding member of both the Russell Group of British research universities and the international network of research universities, Universitas 21. The student population includes undergraduate and postgraduate students in 2019–20, which is the List of universities in the United Kingdom by enrollment, largest in the UK (out of ). The annual income of the university for 2020–21 wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Text Corpus
In linguistics, a corpus (plural ''corpora'') or text corpus is a language resource consisting of a large and structured set of texts (nowadays usually electronically stored and processed). In corpus linguistics, they are used to do statistical analysis and hypothesis testing, checking occurrences or validating linguistic rules within a specific language territory. In search technology, a corpus is the collection of documents which is being searched. Overview A corpus may contain texts in a single language (''monolingual corpus'') or text data in multiple languages (''multilingual corpus''). In order to make the corpora more useful for doing linguistic research, they are often subjected to a process known as annotation. An example of annotating a corpus is part-of-speech tagging, or ''POS-tagging'', in which information about each word's part of speech (verb, noun, adjective, etc.) is added to the corpus in the form of ''tags''. Another example is indicating the lemma (ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Online English Dictionaries
In computer technology and telecommunications, online indicates a state of connectivity and offline indicates a disconnected state. In modern terminology, this usually refers to an Internet connection, but (especially when expressed "on line" or "on the line") could refer to any piece of equipment or functional unit that is connected to a larger system. Being online means that the equipment or subsystem is connected, or that it is ready for use. "Online" has come to describe activities performed on and data available on the Internet, for example: " online identity", "online predator", " online gambling", " online game", " online shopping", " online banking", and " online learning". Similar meaning is also given by the prefixes "cyber" and "e", as in the words " cyberspace", "cybercrime", "email", and "ecommerce". In contrast, "offline" can refer to either computing activities performed while disconnected from the Internet, or alternatives to Internet activities (such as shoppi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linguistic Research Institutes
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguistics is concerned with both the cognitive and social aspects of language. It is considered a scientific field as well as an academic discipline; it has been classified as a social science, natural science, cognitive science,Thagard, PaulCognitive Science, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). or part of the humanities. Traditional areas of linguistic analysis correspond to phenomena found in human linguistic systems, such as syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences); semantics (meaning); morphology (structure of words); phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages); phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language); and pragmatics (how social conte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
