Thalamic Nuclei

	Thalamic Nuclei This traditional list does not accord strictly with human thalamic anatomy. Nuclear groups of the thalamus include: * anterior nuclear group (anteroventral, anterodorsal, anteromedial) medial nuclear group (medial dorsal nucleus, dorsomedial) * parvocellular part ( parvicellular part) ** magnocellular part midline nuclear group or paramedian paratenial nucleus paraventricular thalamus * reuniens nucleus ( medioventral nucleus) rhomboidal nucleus interanteromedial ** intermediodorsal * intralaminar nuclear group anterior (rostral) group * paracentral nucleus * central lateral nucleus * central medial nucleus (''not'' called "centromedial") posterior (caudal) intralaminar group centromedian nucleus ** parafascicular nucleus lateral nuclear group is replaced by posterior region pulvinar anterior pulvinar nucleus lateral pulvinar nucleus medial pulvinar nucleus inferior pulvinar nucleus * lateral posterior nucleus belongs to pulv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Midline Nuclear Group The midline nuclear group (or midline thalamic nuclei) is a region of the thalamus consisting of the following nuclei: * Paraventricular thalamus, paraventricular nucleus of thalamus (''nucleus paraventricularis thalami'') - not to be confused with paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus * paratenial nucleus (''nucleus parataenialis'') * nucleus reuniens (also known as the medioventral nucleus) * rhomboidal nucleus (''nucleus commissuralis rhomboidalis'') * subfascicular nucleus (''nucleus subfascicularis'') The List of regions in the human brain#Thalamus, midline nuclei are often called "nonspecific" in that they project widely to the cortex and elsewhere. This has led to the assumption that they may be involved in general functions such as alerting. However, anatomical connections might suggest more specific functions, with the paraventricular and paratenial nuclei involved in viscero-limbic functions, and the reuniens and rhomboid nuclei involved in multimodal sensory processin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Lateral Nuclear Group The lateral nuclear group is a collection of nuclei on the lateral side of the thalamus. This nucleus group is one of the three regions of the thalamus which result from trisection by the Y-shaped internal medullary lamina. The name "lateral nuclear group" is also given to a subset of the lateral group of nuclei which result from trisection by the internal medullary lamina. The lateral nuclear group consists of the following: * lateral dorsal nucleus * lateral posterior nucleus * pulvinar nuclei The lateral region of the thalamus which results from trisection by the internal medullary lamina also includes the ventral nuclear group and the lateral Lateral is a geometric term of location which may also refer to: Biology and healthcare * Lateral (anatomy), a term of location meaning "towards the side" * Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, an intrinsic muscle of the larynx * Lateral release ( ... and medial geniculate nuclei. References Thalamic nuclei {{Neuroana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Parafascicular Nucleus The intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN) are collections of neurons in the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus.Mancall, E., Brock, D. & Gray, H. (2011). Gray's clinical neuroanatomy the anatomic basis for clinical neuroscience. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. Anatomy Structure The ITN are generally divided in two groups as follows: * anterior (rostral) group central lateral nucleus central medial nucleus (''not'' referred to as "centromedial") ** paracentral nucleus * posterior (caudal) intralaminar group centromedian nucleus parafascicular nucleus Some sources also include a "central dorsal" nucleus. Afferents Midline intralaminar nuclei receive afferents from the brain stem, spinal cord, and cerebellum. Connections with the cerebral cortex and basal nuclei are reciprocal. Afferents from the spinothalamic tract as well as periaqueductal gray are part of a pathway involved in pain processing. Efferents The intralaminar nuclei project efferents to the hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Centromedian Nucleus In the anatomy of the brain, the centromedian nucleus, also known as the centrum medianum, (CM or Cm-Pf) is a nucleus in the posterior group of the intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN) in the thalamus. (This must not be confused with the central medial nucleus, which is in the anterior group of the ITN.) There are two centromedian nuclei arranged bilaterally. In humans, each centromedian nucleus contains about 2200 neurons per cubic millimetre and has a volume of about 310 cubic millimetres with 664,000 neurons in total. It measures less than 10 millimetres in every dimension. It belongs to the caudal intralaminar group of thalamic nuclei and is situated within the medial thalamus. It is bordered superiorly by the mediodorsal nucleus, medially by the parafascicular nucleus, and posteriorly by the pulvinar. Input and output It sends nerve fibres to the subthalamic nucleus and putamen. It receives nerve fibres from the cerebral cortex, vestibular nuclei, globus pallidus, superior col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Central Medial Nucleus The intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN) are collections of neurons in the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus.Mancall, E., Brock, D. & Gray, H. (2011). Gray's clinical neuroanatomy the anatomic basis for clinical neuroscience. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. Anatomy Structure The ITN are generally divided in two groups as follows: * anterior (rostral) group central lateral nucleus central medial nucleus (''not'' referred to as "centromedial") ** paracentral nucleus * posterior (caudal) intralaminar group centromedian nucleus parafascicular nucleus Some sources also include a "central dorsal" nucleus. Afferents Midline intralaminar nuclei receive afferents from the brain stem, spinal cord, and cerebellum. Connections with the cerebral cortex and basal nuclei are reciprocal. Afferents from the spinothalamic tract as well as periaqueductal gray are part of a pathway involved in pain processing. Efferents The intralaminar nuclei project efferents to the hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Central Lateral Nucleus In the human brain, the central lateral nucleus is a part of the anterior intralaminar nucleus in the thalamus. The intralaminar nuclei project to many different regions of the brain, The thalamus The thalamus (: thalami; from Greek language, Greek Wikt:θάλαμος, θάλαμος, "chamber") is a large mass of gray matter on the lateral wall of the third ventricle forming the wikt:dorsal, dorsal part of the diencephalon (a division of ... acts generally as a relay point for the brain for other areas of the brain to link to. The central lateral nucleus acts in a vital role in consciousness. References Neuroanatomy Thalamic nuclei {{Anatomy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei The intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN) are collections of neurons in the medullary laminae of thalamus, internal medullary lamina of the thalamus.Mancall, E., Brock, D. & Gray, H. (2011). Gray's clinical neuroanatomy the anatomic basis for clinical neuroscience. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. Anatomy Structure The ITN are generally divided in two groups as follows: * anterior (rostral) group central lateral nucleus central medial nucleus (''not'' referred to as "centromedial") ** paracentral nucleus * posterior (caudal) intralaminar group centromedian nucleus parafascicular nucleus Some sources also include a "central dorsal" nucleus. Afferents Midline intralaminar nuclei receive afferents from the brain stem, spinal cord, and cerebellum. Connections with the cerebral cortex and basal nuclei are reciprocal. Afferents from the spinothalamic tract as well as periaqueductal gray are part of a pathway involved in pain processing. Efferents The intralaminar nucl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Intralaminar Nuclear Group The intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN) are collections of neurons in the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus.Mancall, E., Brock, D. & Gray, H. (2011). Gray's clinical neuroanatomy the anatomic basis for clinical neuroscience. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. Anatomy Structure The ITN are generally divided in two groups as follows: * anterior (rostral) group central lateral nucleus central medial nucleus (''not'' referred to as "centromedial") ** paracentral nucleus * posterior (caudal) intralaminar group centromedian nucleus parafascicular nucleus Some sources also include a "central dorsal" nucleus. Afferents Midline intralaminar nuclei receive afferents from the brain stem, spinal cord, and cerebellum. Connections with the cerebral cortex and basal nuclei are reciprocal. Afferents from the spinothalamic tract as well as periaqueductal gray are part of a pathway involved in pain processing. Efferents The intralaminar nuclei project efferents to the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Rhomboidal Nucleus Traditionally, in two-dimensional geometry, a rhomboid is a parallelogram in which adjacent sides are of unequal lengths and angles are non-right angled. The terms "rhomboid" and "parallelogram" are often erroneously conflated with each other (i.e, when most people refer to a "parallelogram" they almost always mean a rhomboid, a specific subtype of parallelogram); however, while all rhomboids are parallelograms, not all parallelograms are rhomboids. A parallelogram with sides of equal length (equilateral) is called a ''rhombus'' but not a rhomboid. A parallelogram with right angled corners is a ''rectangle'' but not a rhomboid. A parallelogram is a rhomboid if it is neither a rhombus nor a rectangle. History Euclid introduced the term in his '' Elements'' in Book 1, Definition 22, Euclid never used the definition of rhomboid again and introduced the word parallelogram in Proposition 34 of Book 1; ''"In parallelogrammic areas the opposite sides and angles are equal to one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]