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Cutaneous Conditions With Immunofluorescence Findings
Several cutaneous conditions can be diagnosed with the aid of immunofluorescence studies. Cutaneous conditions with positive direct or indirect immunofluorescence when using salt-split skin include: For several subtypes of pemphigus a variety of substrates are used for indirect immunofluorescence: See also * List of cutaneous conditions * List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions * List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins There are many different keratin proteins normally expressed in the human integumentary system. Mutations in keratin proteins in the skin can cause disease. Of note, other structural proteins in the epidermis of the skin that are closely rel ... References * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions Cutaneous conditions Dermatology-related lists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immunofluorescence
Immunofluorescence is a technique used for light microscopy with a fluorescence microscope and is used primarily on microbiological samples. This technique uses the specificity of antibodies to their antigen to target fluorescent dyes to specific biomolecule targets within a cell, and therefore allows visualization of the distribution of the target molecule through the sample. The specific region an antibody recognizes on an antigen is called an epitope. There have been efforts in epitope mapping since many antibodies can bind the same epitope and levels of binding between antibodies that recognize the same epitope can vary. Additionally, the binding of the fluorophore to the antibody itself cannot interfere with the immunological specificity of the antibody or the binding capacity of its antigen. Immunofluorescence is a widely used example of immunostaining (using antibodies to stain proteins) and is a specific example of immunohistochemistry (the use of the antibody-antigen re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pemphigus
Pemphigus ( or ) is a rare group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes. The name is derived from the Greek root ''pemphix'', meaning "pustule". In pemphigus, autoantibodies form against desmoglein, which forms the "glue" that attaches adjacent epidermal cells via attachment points called desmosomes. When autoantibodies attack desmogleins, the cells become separated from each other and the epidermis becomes detached, a phenomenon called acantholysis. This causes blisters that slough off and turn into sores. In some cases, these blisters can cover a large area of the skin. Originally, the cause of this disease was unknown, and "pemphigus" was used to refer to any blistering disease of the skin and mucosa. In 1964, researchers found that the blood of patients with pemphigus contained antibodies to the layers of skin that separate to form the blisters. In 1971, an article investigating the autoimmune nature of this disease was published. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Cutaneous Conditions Caused By Mutations In Keratins
There are many different keratin proteins normally expressed in the human integumentary system. Mutations in keratin proteins in the skin can cause disease. Of note, other structural proteins in the epidermis of the skin that are closely related to keratins may also cause disease if mutated. Examples include: Footnotes See also * List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system * List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins * List of target antigens in pemphigoid * List of target antigens in pemphigus * Cutaneous conditions with immunofluorescence findings * List of cutaneous conditions * List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions * List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions A number of histologic stains are used in the field of dermatology that aid in the diagnosis of conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system The integumentary system is the set of organs forming th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Genes Mutated In Cutaneous Conditions
A number of gene mutations have been linked to conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system. See also * List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions * List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins * List of contact allergens * List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions * List of target antigens in pemphigus * List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system * List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy References * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Genes mutated in cutaneous conditions Cutaneous conditions Dermatology-related lists Mutated In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain either DNA or RNA. Mutations result from errors during DNA or viral replication, mitos ... Cutaneous conditions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Cutaneous Conditions
Many skin conditions affect the human integumentary system—the organ system covering the entire surface of the body and composed of skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands. The major function of this system is as a barrier against the external environment. The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin.Burns, Tony; ''et al''. (2006) ''Rook's Textbook of Dermatology CD-ROM''. Wiley-Blackwell. . Within the latter type, the hairs occur in structures called pilosebaceous units, each with hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and associated arrector pili muscle. In the embryo, the epidermis, hair, and glands form from the ectoderm, which is chemically influenced by the underlying m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus
Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is an autoimmune disorder stemming from an underlying tumor. It is hypothesized that antigens associated with the tumor trigger an immune response resulting in blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. While patients with malignant and benign tumors are both at risk, malignancy is associated with high mortality rates (near 90%). Current treatment focuses on general wound healing and administering corticosteroids, which has not demonstrated a high success rate. Recent research developments aim to treat the underlying tumor in order to alleviate the symptoms of PNP. Signs and symptoms While the presence of lesions is the denominator among patients with PNP, the characteristics of the lesions differ. The five clinical presentations of lesions associated with PNP include: * "Pemphigus-like": Flaccid blister (discrete), crusts over the raw exuding skin lesions * "Pemphigoid-like": Tense blister(s) on brick red erythema * "Erythema multiforme-like": ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IgA Pemphigus
IgA pemphigus is a subtype of pemphigus with two distinct forms: * ''Subcorneal pustular dermatosis'' (also known as Sneddon–Wilkinson disease and pustulosis subcornealis) is skin condition that is a rare, chronic, recurrent, pustular eruption characterized histopathologically by subcorneal pustules that contain abundant neutrophils.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. . This is distinct from and not to be confused with subcorneal pustular dermatosis type of IgA pemphigus. Sneddon's syndrome, also known as Ehrmann-Sneddon syndrome, is also a different syndrome. * ''Intraepidermal neutrophilic IgA dermatosis'' is characterized histologically by intraepidermal bullae with neutrophils, some eosinophils, and acantholysis. History Early descriptions were made by Darrell Wilkinson, a British dermatologist. See also * Pemphigus * List of cutaneous conditions * List of conditions ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare chronic blistering skin disease and the most common form of pemphigus. Pemphigus was derived from the Greek word ''pemphix'', meaning blister. It is classified as a type II hypersensitivity reaction in which antibodies are formed against desmosomes, components of the skin that function to keep certain layers of skin bound to each other. As desmosomes are attacked, the layers of skin separate and the clinical picture resembles a blister. These blisters are due to acantholysis, or breaking apart of intercellular connections through an autoantibody-mediated response. Over time the condition inevitably progresses without treatment: lesions increase in size and distribution throughout the body, behaving physiologically like a severe burn. Before the advent of modern treatments, mortality for the disease was close to 90%. Today, the mortality rate with treatment is between 5-15% due to the introduction of corticosteroids as primary treatment. Neverthele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pemphigus Foliaceous
Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune blistering disease ( bullous disorder) of the skin. Pemphigus foliaceus causes a characteristic inflammatory attack at the subcorneal layer of epidermis, which results in skin lesions that are scaly or crusted erosions with an erythematous (red) base.Freedberg, et al. (2003). ''Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine''. (6th ed.). Page 558–562. McGraw-Hill. . Mucosal involvement is absent even with widespread disease. If there is an autoimmune IgG buildup in the epidermis, then nearly all of the antibodies are aimed against desmoglein 1. The effect of the antibodies and the immunological pathway is most likely one of three mechanisms: * Steric hindrance of the desmoglein 1: The antibody caps off the site for intracellular binding to another keratinocyte. * Activation of an endocytic pathway: The antibody activates a pathway which causes an internalization of desmogleïn 1, which in turn causes a loss of adhesion. * Disruption of f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pemphigoid Gestationis
Gestational pemphigoid (GP) is a rare autoimmune variant of the skin disease bullous pemphigoid, and first appears in pregnancy. It presents with tense blisters, small bumps, hives and intense itching, usually starting around the navel before spreading to limbs in mid-pregnancy or shortly after delivery. The head, face and mouth are not usually affected. It may flare after delivery before resolving around three to six months after the pregnancy. It can be triggered by subsequent pregnancies, menstrual periods and oral contraceptive pill. A molar pregnancy and choriocarcinoma can provoke it. In some people, it persists long-term. It is associated with premature delivery of a small baby, a few who may be born with blisters and urticaria, which generally resolves within six weeks. It does not spread from one person to another, and does not run in families. Diagnosis is by visulaization, biopsy and immunofluorescence. It can resemble pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antiepilegrin Cicatricial Pemphigoid
Mucous membrane pemphigoid is a rare chronic autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease characterized by erosive lesions of the mucous membranes and skin. It is one of the pemphigoid diseases that can result in scarring. Signs and symptoms The autoimmune reaction most commonly affects the oral mucosa in the mouth, causing lesions in the gums (gingiva), known as desquamative gingivitis. More severe cases can also affect areas of mucous membrane elsewhere in the body, such as the sinuses, genitals, anus, and cornea. When the cornea of the eye is affected, repeated scarring may result in blindness. ''Brunsting–Perry cicatricial pemphigoid'' is a rare variant of mucous membrane pemphigoid involving the scalp and the neck without mucosal involvement. It is proposed by some authors that this be called a variant of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Nikolsky's sign (gentle lateral pressure) on unaffected mucosa or skin raises a bulla. If no lesions are present on examination it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
