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Critical Path Analysis
The critical path method (CPM), or critical path analysis (CPA), is an algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities. A critical path is determined by identifying the longest stretch of dependent activities and measuring the time required to complete them from start to finish. It is commonly used in conjunction with the program evaluation and review technique (PERT). History The CPM is a project-modeling technique developed in the late 1950s by Morgan R. Walker of DuPont and James E. Kelley Jr. of Remington Rand. Kelley and Walker related their memories of the development of CPM in 1989. Kelley attributed the term "critical path" to the developers of the PERT, which was developed at about the same time by Booz Allen Hamilton and the U.S. Navy. The precursors of what came to be known as critical path were developed and put into practice by DuPont between 1940 and 1943 and contributed to the success of the Manhattan Project. Critical path analysis is commonly used wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pert Chart Colored
Pert or PERT may refer to: Ships * - see List of United States Navy ships: P * , a World War II corvette, originally HMS ''Nepeta'' * Pert (sidewheeler), ''Pert'' (sidewheeler), a 19th-century steamboat that operated in British Columbia, Canada Statistics * PERT distribution People * Pert (surname) * Pert Kelton (1907–1968), American actress PERT * Program evaluation and review technique, or PERT Chart, a planning method * Postsecondary Education Readiness Test, a placement test used by Florida high schools and colleges * Pancreatic enzymes (medication), Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy or PERT is a treatment for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Other uses * Pert Plus, a brand of shampoo marketed in Australia and New Zealand as Pert * P e ^ , an expression to calculate the expected return from a Compound interest#Continuous compounding, continuously compounded investment given the principal, rate, and time See also * * Peart, a surname {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Step Function
In mathematics, a function on the real numbers is called a step function if it can be written as a finite linear combination of indicator functions of intervals. Informally speaking, a step function is a piecewise constant function having only finitely many pieces. Definition and first consequences A function f\colon \mathbb \rightarrow \mathbb is called a step function if it can be written as :f(x) = \sum\limits_^n \alpha_i \chi_(x), for all real numbers x where n\ge 0, \alpha_i are real numbers, A_i are intervals, and \chi_A is the indicator function of A: :\chi_A(x) = \begin 1 & \text x \in A \\ 0 & \text x \notin A \\ \end In this definition, the intervals A_i can be assumed to have the following two properties: # The intervals are pairwise disjoint: A_i \cap A_j = \emptyset for i \neq j # The union of the intervals is the entire real line: \bigcup_^n A_i = \mathbb R. Indeed, if that is not the case to start with, a different set of intervals can be picked for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Courts Of Scotland
The courts of Scotland () are responsible for administration of justice in Scotland, under Primary and secondary legislation, statutory, common law and Equity (law), equitable provisions within Scots law. The courts are presided over by the judiciary of Scotland, who are the various Judge, judicial office holders responsible for issuing Judgment (law), judgments, ensuring Right to a fair trial, fair trials, and deciding on Sentence (law), sentencing. The Court of Session is the Supreme court, supreme Civil law (common law), civil court of Scotland, subject to appeals to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, and the High Court of Justiciary is the Supreme court, supreme Criminal justice, criminal court, which is only subject to the authority of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom on Devolution in the United Kingdom, devolution issues and human rights European Convention on Human Rights, compatibility issues. The judiciary of Scotland, except the Lord Lyon King of Arms, are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognized at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognized for the award of damages. Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary. History Among the Saxons, a monetary value called a '' weregild'' was assigned to every human being and every piece of property in the Salic Code. If property was stolen or someone was injured or killed, the guilty person had to pay th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Construction Delay
Construction delays are situations where project events occur at a later time than expected due to causes related to the client, consultant, and contractor etc.Sanni-Anibire, M. O., Mohamad Zin, R., & Olatunji, S. O. (2020). Causes of delay in the global construction industry: a meta analytical review. ''International Journal of Construction Management'', 1-13. In residential and light construction, construction delays are often the result of miscommunication between contractors, subcontractors, and property owners. These types of misunderstandings and unrealistic expectations are usually avoided through the use of detailed critical path schedules, which specify the work, and timetable to be used, but most importantly, the logical sequence of events which must occur for a project to be completed. Incidence and impact of delays In more complex projects, problems will arise that are not foreseen in the original contract, and so other legal construction forms are subsequently used, su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Construction
Construction are processes involved in delivering buildings, infrastructure, industrial facilities, and associated activities through to the end of their life. It typically starts with planning, financing, and design that continues until the asset is built and ready for use. Construction also covers repairs and maintenance work, any works to expand, extend and improve the asset, and its eventual demolition, dismantling or wikt:decommission, decommissioning. The construction industry contributes significantly to many countries' gross domestic products (Gross domestic product, GDP). Global expenditure on construction activities was about $4 trillion in 2012. In 2022, expenditure on the construction industry exceeded $11 trillion a year, equivalent to about 13 percent of global Gross domestic product, GDP. This spending was forecasted to rise to around $14.8 trillion in 2030. The construction industry promotes economic development and brings many non-monetary benefits to many cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estimation (project Management)
Estimation within project management (e.g., for engineering or software development), are the basis of sound project planning. Many processes have been developed to aid project managers in making accurate estimates. Processes (engineering) *Analogy based estimation * Compartmentalization (i.e., breakdown of tasks) * Cost estimate * Delphi method *Documenting estimation results *Educated assumptions *Estimating each task *Examining historical data *Identifying dependencies * Parametric estimating *Risk assessment *Structured planning Processes (software development) Popular estimation processes for software projects include: * Cocomo * Cosysmo * Event chain methodology Event chain methodology is a network theory, network analysis technique that is focused on identifying and managing events and relationships between them (event chains) that affect project schedules. It is an uncertainty modeling schedule techniqu ... * Function points * Planning poker * Program Eval ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Event Chain Methodology
Event chain methodology is a network theory, network analysis technique that is focused on identifying and managing events and relationships between them (event chains) that affect project schedules. It is an uncertainty modeling schedule technique. Event chain methodology is an extension of quantitative project risk analysis with Monte Carlo simulations. It is the next advance beyond critical path method and critical chain project management. Event chain methodology tries to mitigate the effect of motivational bias, motivational and cognitive biases in estimation, estimating and Scheduling (production processes), scheduling. It improves accuracy of risk assessment and helps to generate more realistic risk adjusted project schedules. History Event chain methodology is an extension of traditional Monte Carlo simulation of project schedules where uncertainties in task duration and costs are defined by statistical distribution. For example, task duration can be defined by three point ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Project Manager
A project manager is a professional in the field of project management. Project managers have the responsibility of the Project planning, planning, procurement and execution of a project, in any undertaking that has a defined scope, defined start and a defined finish; regardless of industry. Project managers are first point of contact for any issues or discrepancies arising from within the heads of various departments in an organization before the problem escalates to higher authorities, as project representative. Project management is the responsibility of a project manager. This individual seldom participates directly in the activities that produce the result, but rather strives to maintain the progress, mutual interaction and task (project management), tasks of various parties in such a way that reduces the risk of overall failure, maximizes benefits, and minimizes costs. Overview A project manager is the person responsible for accomplishing the project objectives. Key proj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Critical Chain
Critical chain project management (CCPM) is a method of planning and managing projects that emphasizes the resources (people, equipment, physical space) required to execute project tasks. It was developed by Eliyahu M. Goldratt. It differs from more traditional methods that derive from critical path and PERT algorithms, which emphasize task order and rigid scheduling. A critical chain project network strives to keep resources levelled, and requires that they be flexible in start times. Origins Critical chain project management is based on methods and algorithms derived from Theory of Constraints. The idea of CCPM was introduced in 1997 in Eliyahu M. Goldratt's book, ''Critical Chain''. The application of CCPM has been credited with achieving projects 10% to 50% faster and/or cheaper than the traditional methods (i.e., CPM, PERT, Gantt, etc.) developed from 1910 to 1950s. According to studies of traditional project management methods by Standish Group and others as of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Project Management Institute
The Project Management Institute (PMI, legally Project Management Institute, Inc.) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit professional organization for project management. Overview PMI serves more than five million professionals including over 680,000 members in 217 countries and territories around the world, with 304 chapters and 14,000 volunteers serving local members in over 180 countries. Its services include the development of standards, research, education, publication, networking opportunities in local chapters, hosting conferences and training seminars, and providing accreditation in project management. PMI has recruited volunteers to create industry standards, such as " A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge", which has been recognized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). In 2012, ISO adapted the project management processes from the ''PMBOK Guide'' 4th edition. History In the 1960s, project management as such began to be used in the US aero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
