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Crime In Chile
Crime in Chile is investigated by the Chilean police. However, unlike the majority of Latin America, criminal activity in Chile is low, making Chile one of the most stable and safest nations in the region. Various analysts and politicians concur that in the 2020s crime in Chile is on the rise to levels similar to the rest of Latin America. Increased murder rates and illegal drug trade are attributed by some to illegal immigration, others attribute the rise of crime more generally as the result of increased globalization. Crime by type Murder In 2012, Chile had a murder rate of 3.1 per 100,000 population. There were a total of 550 murders in Chile in 2012. In 2017, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime informed a rate of 4.3 intentional homicide rate per 100,000 population. Corruption As of 2006, there were isolated reports of government corruption in Chile. Transparency International's annual Corruption Index recorded that the Chilean public perceived the count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copper Concentrate
Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. The copper smelters with the highest production capacity (metric tons of copper yearly) lie in China, Chile, India, Germany, Japan, Peru and Russia. China alone has over half of the world's production capacity and is also the world's largest consumer of refined copper. Precious metals and sulfuric acid are often valuable by-products of copper refining. Arsenic is the main type of impurity found in copper concentrates to enter smelting facilities. There has been an increase in arsenic in copper concentrates over the years since shallow, low-arsenic copper deposits have been progressively depleted. History Prehistory The Old Copper Complex in North America has been radiomet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Araucanía (historic Region)
Araucanía or Araucana Gomez de Vidaurre ''Historia Geografica, Natural y Civil Del Reino de Chile, Tomo II''; ''Coleccion de historiadores de Chile'', Tomo XV, Imprenta Ercilla, Santiago, 1889Original from the University of Michigan, Digitized Aug 4, 2005 (History of Chile 1535–1764) was the Spanish name given to the region of Chile inhabited by the Mapuche The Mapuche ( , ) also known as Araucanians are a group of Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of Patagonia. The collective term refers to a wide-ranging e ... peoples known as the Moluche (also known as Araucanos by the Spanish) in the 18th century. Prior to the Spanish conquest of Chile, the lands of the Moluche lay between the Itata River and Toltén River. History Following the great rising of the Moluche and Huilliche after the Battle of Curalaba in 1598 during the Arauco War, they expelled the Spanish from south of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banditry In Chile
Banditry () was a considerable phenomenon in 19th century and early 20th century Central Chile and Araucanía. Many bandits achieved legendary status for their brutality and others for being regarded folk heroes. The bandits usually preyed on haciendas and their inquilinos. The Chilean War of Independence (1810–1826) shaped an era of banditry as the war transitioned into irregular warfare known as Guerra a muerte (1819–1821) which was particularly destructive for the Biobío area and ended only to see a period of outlaw banditry occur until the late 1820s.Villalobos ''et al''. 1974, pp. 406–413. The rise of banditry made travel dangerous; indeed, 1812 is held as the date from where travel between Concepción and Santiago was not longer safe for small groups.Salinas 1986, p. 59. The Pincheira brothers, a royalist outlaw group based on indigenous territory east of the Andes, was defeated and dissolved in 1832. In the words of Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, banditry was a " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Possession Of Stolen Goods
Possession of stolen goods is a crime in which an individual has bought, been given, or acquired stolen goods. In many jurisdictions, if an individual has accepted possession of goods (or property) and knew they were stolen, then the individual may be charged with a crime, depending on the value of the stolen goods, and the goods are returned to the original owner. If the individual did not know the goods were stolen, then the goods are returned to the owner and the individual is not prosecuted. However, it can be difficult to prove or disprove a suspect's knowledge that the goods were stolen. Nature of offence by country Canada The Criminal Code specifies three offences: :* Possession of property obtained by crime (s. 354) :* Trafficking in property obtained by crime (ss. 355.2)''Criminal Code'', ss. 35 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ENAMI (Chile)
Empresa Nacional de Minería (National Mining Enterprise) better known by its acronym ENAMI is a Chilean state-owned mining company based in Santiago. Its business involve purchasing ore, primarily from small and medium-scale mining, processing it is and selling the processed product, usually copper, in the international market. ENAMI has also its role in providing technical and financial assistance for mining in its target segment. Its board president is the Chilean minister of mining, who since August 2023 is Aurora Williams. ENAMI was created in 1960 by the merger of Caja de Crédito y Fomento Minero (CACREMI) and Empresa Nacional de Fundiciones. The company is aimed to help small-scale miners by among other things buying ore in quantities that are otherwise too small to be traded in the international market. The company also helps stabilizing prices for the products of medium and small-scale miners. It has most of its offices and smelters and other industries in the north ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciper
Ciper also known as CIPER Chile is a Chilean alternative media of digital journalism. Ciper is the Spanish acronym for "Journalistic Investigation Center" (''Centro de Investigación Periodística''). It is a nonprofit organization A nonprofit organization (NPO), also known as a nonbusiness entity, nonprofit institution, not-for-profit organization, or simply a nonprofit, is a non-governmental (private) legal entity organized and operated for a collective, public, or so .... References {{reflist Non-profit organisations based in Chile Chilean journalism organisations Investigative journalism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codelco
The National Copper Corporation of Chile (), abbreviated as Codelco, is a Chilean state-owned mining company and the largest copper mining company in the world. It was formed in 1976 from foreign-owned copper companies that were nationalised in 1971. As of 2023 its most productive mines are Radomiro Tomic and El Teniente. Since 2024 Codelco is also a lithium mining company after an agreement was reached with Sociedad Química y Minera which exploits brine from Salar de Atacama. The headquarters are in Santiago and the seven-man board of directors is appointed by the President of the Republic. It has the Minister of Mining as its president and six other members including the Minister of Finance and one representative each from the Copper Workers Federation and the National Association of Copper Supervisors. It is currently the largest copper producing company in the world and produced 1.66 million tonnes of copper in 2007, 11% of the world total. It owns the world's largest kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minera Escondida
Minera Escondida (which means 'hidden' in Spanish) is a mining company that operates two open pit copper mines in the Atacama Desert, 170 km southeast of Antofagasta in northern Chile. It is currently the highest producing copper mine in the world. Its 2007 production of 1.483 million tons of the metal was worth US$10.12 billion, mainly as metal in concentrate, but some as cathode, and was 9.5% of world output and 26% of Chilean production, according to the US Geological Survey's preliminary estimates of 2007 world mine output. Overview It is so called because the main orebody does not outcrop on the surface, but is 'hidden' by hundreds of metres of practically barren overburden. The lower open pit in the satellite image on the right is the main Escondida mine, but the upper two are Barrick Gold's Zaldívar mine. The second Escondida open pit, Escondida Norte, had not been established when the image was taken, but is now immediately to the right (east) of the larger Zaldív ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fundición Potrerillos
The following is a list of copper smelters in Chile that have been active at some point after 1950. Chile is the world's largest producer of copper and activity provides a substantial part of the Chilean state's revenue: slightly less than 6% in 2020, with state-owned copper company Codelco alone generating 2.6% of state revenue. In 2024 copper processed in Chilean copper smelters made up 33% of the value of Chilean mining products exports while unrefined copper concentrate Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ... represented 50.9% of the value of Chilean mining exports. Since the 1990s no new copper smelters have been built in Chile. Copper smelters that serves a specific mine is called integrated smelters. A custom copper smelter is one receiving or open to receive ores ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escondida
Escondida is a copper mine at elevation in the Atacama Desert in Antofagasta Region, Chile. Geology The Escondida deposit is one of a cluster of porphyry coppers in an elongated area about 18 km north–south and 3 km east–west and is associated with the 600 km long West Fissure (''Falla Oeste'') system, which is in turn associated with most of the major Chilean porphyry deposits. A barren, leached cap, in places up to 300 metres thick, overlies a thick zone of high grade secondary supergene mineralisation of the main orebody, largely chalcocite and covellite, which in turn overlies the unaltered primary mineralisation of chalcopyrite, bornite and pyrite. Reserves At mid 2007, Escondida had total proven and probable reserves of 34.7 million tonnes of copper, of which 22.5 million tonnes is estimated to be recoverable. Total resources (including reserves) were 57.6 million tonnes of copper, of which 33.0 million tonnes should be recovered. Exploration co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tailings
In mining, tailings or tails are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. Tailings are different from overburden, which is the waste rock or other material that overlies an ore or mineral body and is displaced during mining without being processed. Waste valorization is the evaluation of waste and residues from an economic process in order to determine their value in reuse or recycling, as what was gangue at the time of separation may increase with time or more sophisticated recovery processes. The extraction of minerals from ore can be done two ways: placer mining, which uses water and gravity to concentrate the valuable minerals, or hard rock mining, which pulverizes the rock containing the ore and then relies on chemical reactions to concentrate the sought-after material. In the latter, the extraction of minerals from ore requires comminution, i.e., grinding the ore into fine partic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
